Heat accumulator for heating boilers

We continue our series of articles with a topic that will be of interest to those who heat their homes with solid fuel boilers. We will talk about the heat accumulator for heating boilers (TA) on solid fuels. This is a really necessary device that allows you to balance the operation of the circuit, smooth out the temperature drops of the coolant, while also saving money. We note right away that a heat accumulator for electric heating boilers is used only if the house has an electric meter with separate calculation of night and day energy. Otherwise, installing a heat accumulator for gas heating boilers does not make any sense.

How does a heating system with a heat accumulator work?

A heat accumulator for heating boilers is a part of the heating system designed to increase the time between loading solid fuel into the boiler. It is a reservoir in which there is no air access. It is insulated and has a fairly large volume. There is always water in the heat accumulator for heating, it also circulates throughout the circuit. Of course, an antifreeze liquid can also be used as a coolant, but still, due to its high cost, it is not used in circuits with TA.

In addition, there is no point in filling the heating system with a heat accumulator with antifreeze, since such tanks are placed in residential premises. And the essence of their application is to ensure that the temperature in the circuit is always stable, and, accordingly, the water in the system is warm. The use of a large heat accumulator for heating in country houses of temporary residence is impractical, and there is little sense from a small reservoir. This is due to the principle of operation of the heat accumulator for the heating system.

• The TA is located between the boiler and the heating system. When the boiler heats up the coolant, it enters the TA;
• then the water flows through the pipes to the radiators;
• The return line returns to the TA, and then immediately to the boiler.

Although the heat accumulator for the heating system is a single vessel, due to its large size, the flow direction at the top and bottom is different.

In order for TA to perform its primary function of heat storage, these streams must be mixed. The difficulty lies in the fact that the heat always rises, and the cold tends to fall. It is necessary to create conditions so that part of the heat sinks to the bottom of the heat accumulator in the heating system and heats the return coolant. If the temperature has evened out in the entire tank, then it is considered fully charged.

After the boiler fired everything that was loaded into it, it stops working and TA comes into play. The circulation continues and it gradually releases its heat through the radiators into the room. All this happens until the next portion of fuel enters the boiler again.

If the heat storage for heating is small, then its reserve will last for a very short time, while the heating time of the batteries increases, since the volume of the coolant in the circuit has become larger. Cons of using for temporary residences:

• the warm-up time increases;
• a larger volume of the circuit, which makes filling it with antifreeze more expensive;
• higher installation costs.

As you understand, filling the system and draining water every time you arrive at your dacha is at least troublesome. Considering that the tank alone will be 300 liters. For the sake of several days a week, it is pointless to take such measures.

Additional circuits are built into the tank - these are metal spiral pipes. The liquid in the spiral does not have direct contact with the coolant in the heat accumulator for heating the house. These can be contours:

• low-temperature heating (warm floor).

Thus, even the most primitive single-circuit boiler or even a stove can become a universal heater. It will provide the entire house with the necessary heat and hot water at the same time. Accordingly, the performance of the heater will be fully utilized.

In serial models manufactured under production conditions, additional heating sources are built in. These are also spirals, only they are called electric heating elements. There are often several of them and they can work from different sources:

• circuit;
• solar panels.

Such heating refers to additional options and is not mandatory, consider this if you decide to make a heat accumulator for heating with your own hands.

Heat accumulator piping schemes

We dare to assume that if you are interested in this article, then most likely you decided to make a heat accumulator for heating and tie it yourself. You can come up with a lot of connection schemes, the main thing is that everything works. If you correctly understand the processes occurring in the circuit, then you can quite experiment. How you connect the HA to the boiler will affect the operation of the entire system. Let's first analyze the simplest heating scheme with a heat accumulator.

A simple TA strapping scheme

In the figure you see the direction of movement of the coolant. Please note that upward movement is prohibited. To prevent this from happening, the pump between the TA and the boiler must pump a larger amount of coolant than the one that stands up to the tank. Only in this case will a sufficient retracting force be formed, which will take part of the heat from the supply. The disadvantage of such a connection scheme is the long heating time of the circuit. To reduce it, you need to create a boiler heating ring. You can see it in the following diagram.

TA piping scheme with a boiler heating circuit

The essence of the heating circuit is that the thermostat does not mix water from the TA until the boiler warms it up to the set level. When the boiler is warmed up, part of the supply goes to the TA, and the part is mixed with the coolant from the reservoir and enters the boiler. Thus, the heater always works with an already heated liquid, which increases its efficiency and the heating time of the circuit. That is, the batteries will get warm faster.

This method of installing a heat accumulator in a heating system allows you to use the circuit offline when the pump is not running. Please note that the diagram shows only the nodes for connecting the TA to the boiler. The circulation of the coolant to the radiators occurs in a different way, which also passes through the TA. The presence of two bypasses allows you to play it safe twice:

• the check valve is activated if the pump is stopped and the ball valve on the lower bypass is closed;
• in the event of a pump stop and a check valve failure, circulation is carried out through the lower bypass.

In principle, some simplifications can be made in such a construction. Given the fact that the check valve has a high flow resistance, it can be excluded from the circuit.

TA piping scheme without check valve for gravity system

In this case, when the light disappears, you will need to manually open the ball valve. It should be said that with such a wiring, the TA should be above the level of the radiators. If you do not plan that the system will work by gravity, then the piping of the heating system with a heat accumulator can be performed according to the scheme shown below.

Scheme of piping TA for a circuit with forced circulation

In TA, the correct movement of water is created, which allows ball after ball, starting from the top, to warm it up. Perhaps the question arises, what to do if there is no light? We talked about this in an article about alternative power sources for the heating system. It will be more economical and more convenient. After all, gravity circuits are made of large-section pipes, and besides, not always convenient slopes must be observed. If you calculate the price of pipes and fittings, weigh all the inconveniences of installation and compare it all with the price of a UPS, then the idea of ​​​​installing an alternative power source becomes very attractive.

Calculation of the volume of the heat storage

The volume of the heat accumulator for heating

As we have already mentioned, it is not advisable to use a small volume TA, while too large tanks are also not always appropriate. So the question arose of how to calculate the required volume of TA. I really want to give a specific answer, but, unfortunately, it cannot be. Although there is still an approximate calculation of a heat accumulator for heating. Let's say you don't know what heat loss your house is and you can't find out, for example, if it hasn't been built yet. By the way, to reduce heat loss, you need to insulate the walls of a private house under the siding. You can choose a tank based on two values:

• the area of ​​the heated room;
• boiler power.

Methods for calculating the volume of TA: room area x 4 or boiler power x 25.

It is these two characteristics that are decisive. Different sources offer their own calculation method, but in fact these two methods are closely related. Suppose we decide to calculate the volume of a heat accumulator for heating, starting from the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. To do this, you need to multiply the quadrature of the heated room by four. For example, if we have a small house of 100 square meters, then we need a tank of 400 liters. This volume will reduce the loading of the boiler up to two times a day.

Undoubtedly, there are pyrolysis boilers that are loaded with fuel twice a day, only in this case the principle of operation is slightly different:

• fuel ignites;
• the air supply is reduced;
• the smoldering process begins.

In this case, when the fuel flares up, the temperature in the circuit begins to rise rapidly, and then smoldering keeps the water warm. During this very smoldering, a lot of energy escapes into the pipe. In addition, if a solid fuel boiler works in tandem with a leaky heating system, then at peak temperatures the expansion tank sometimes boils. In the truest sense of the word, water begins to boil in it. If the pipes are made of polymers, then this is simply fatal for them.

In one of the articles about polymer pipes, we talked about their characteristics. TA takes away some of the heat and the tank can boil only after the tank is fully charged. That is, the possibility of boiling, with the right amount of TA, tends to zero.

Now let's try to calculate the volume of TA, based on the number of kilowatts in the heater. By the way, this indicator is calculated on the basis of the quadrature of the room. 1 kW is taken for 10 m. It turns out that in a house of 100 square meters there should be a boiler of at least 10 kilowatts. Since the calculation is always done with a margin, we can assume that in our case there will be a 15 kilowatt unit.

If you do not take into account the amount of coolant in the radiators and pipes, then one kilowatt of the boiler can heat approximately 25 liters of water in the TA. Therefore, the calculation will be appropriate: you need to multiply the boiler power by 25. As a result, we will get 375 liters. If we compare with the previous calculation, the results are very close. Only this is taking into account that the boiler power will be calculated with a gap of at least 50%.

Remember, the more TA, the better. But in this case, as in any other, one must do without fanaticism. If you put a TA for two thousand liters, then the heater simply cannot cope with such a volume. Be objective.

utepleniedoma.com

Heat accumulator in the heating system

The heating system includes, in the usual view that has developed over the years, three elements - a heat source (boiler), pipelines and direct heating devices (radiators). But if this is a private house with a solid fuel boiler (wood, peat briquette, coal) and you want to increase efficiency and save yourself from the need to constantly monitor the furnace, then it may be worth using such a unit as a heat accumulator in the system. [content]

The principle of operation of the heat accumulator

The main task performed by the heat accumulator is to increase the inertia of the heating system. To do this, increase the volume of the coolant and, consequently, the amount of heat accumulated by it. Thus, the battery is an insulated container embedded in the heating circuit.

As mentioned above, the battery significantly increases the inertia of the system, that is, although the coolant heats up longer, it accumulates more heat and gives it longer and reduces temperature fluctuations.

The internal structure of the heat accumulator

Thus, if the house is connected to central heating or the system uses gas or liquid fuel boilers operating in automatic mode as heat generating equipment, heat accumulators are just an extra cost of material and money. But there are cases when their use is more than justified:

1. If solid fuel boilers are used in the heating system (especially without bunker loading), and there is no way to ensure their constant maintenance (in a private house). In this case, the heat accumulator will provide a constant stable temperature in the room, and even be able to smooth out the inevitable surges during cleaning and ash removal;
2. If electric water heating is used and a differentiated system of payment for electricity is applied. Heat accumulators will make it possible to accumulate heat during hours when the tariff is minimal, and in the future, heaters can be used at minimum power;
3. If the heating system has periods of peak analysis of thermal energy (most often this is due to the cost of heating water, for example, with intensive operation of showers), and installing an additional boiler is not practical. The battery will be able to provide heat transfer during these usually short periods of time.

Where the heat accumulator will be "superfluous"

Sometimes for heating systems, on the contrary, it is desirable to quickly set the temperature and decrease it, in this case, the increased amount of coolant accumulated by the storage tanks will only interfere with rapid heating and cooling and precise temperature control. In particular:

1. If heating is needed only for short periods of time and excessive fuel consumption is undesirable. For example, a boiler house is used to heat a dryer, which is used only occasionally. In this case, it does not make sense to heat the empty room from which the material is unloaded with the accumulated heat.
2. If, in addition to heating, a heat plant is also used to provide heat for some technological equipment and a quick and accurate change in temperature regimes is required, increased inertia will only interfere.

How heat accumulators crash correctly

If a forced circulation heating system is used, then the tie-in point does not play a special role, since the heat energy is delivered from the storage by the pump. You can choose any convenient place given that the battery has decent dimensions.

For its correct operation, it is necessary to correctly position the connecting pipes - the inlet (according to the movement of the thermal energy carrier in the system) at the bottom, the outlet at the top.

Heat accumulator connection diagram

If heating with natural circulation is used, then the location of the tie-in plays an important role. Many people make the mistake of combining heat accumulators and expansion tanks. The expansion tank is located at the highest point of heating and hot water from it can begin to move, only cooling down through the pipes and increasing its density. For efficient operation, the heat accumulator must be located at the bottom of the heating supply pipe and as close as possible to the boiler.

Is it possible to assemble and install a thermal energy accumulator on my own?

From a constructive point of view, thermal energy accumulators are quite simple - this is a container with heat-insulated walls, equipped with nozzles for connecting to the heating system. Therefore, it will not be difficult for any person who has the skills of plumbing and welding to assemble or adapt containers for batteries.

The question of calculating the thermal insulation of the walls may only arise. But in this case, the principle “more is better than less” can be applied, since for tanks used as heat accumulators, due to their shape, there is no concept of effective thermal insulation radius.

The video below shows the installation diagram and the principle of operation of the heat accumulator:

all-for-teplo.ru

A heat accumulator for a heating system - the main advantages. Press!

The desire of many owners of private houses and cottages to use resources as efficiently as possible to heat their homes quite often encounters the same problem - even when using all modern insulation and energy saving technologies, installing the most economical heating boilers - there is no significant saving of resources.

In many ways, this is a consequence of mistakes made long before the question of prudent use of resources and the use of modern construction technologies was raised. But what about the new houses built according to all modern canons, has the limit of development really come?

For most, this will remain a rhetorical question, but for those who decide to use really scientific knowledge, and not excerpts from advertising booklets, it is worth thinking about including a new element in the heating system - a heat accumulator.

How the heating system works

In the modern understanding of the energy efficiency of heating installations, including a separate house or cottage, the emphasis has recently shifted significantly from the indicator of fuel consumption for space heating to an indicator that characterizes the efficiency of energy use for full heat supply to the house.

Such a justified focus on energy efficiency allows us to take a fresh look at the problem of home heat supply, which includes two main tasks:

• House heating;
• hot water supply.

A new way to save energy in the heating system of a building today is the installation of additional equipment in the heating system, the function of which is to accumulate thermal energy and gradually consume it.

The use of a heat accumulator in the scheme of heating system devices, where the solid fuel boiler acts as the main source of energy, makes it possible to reduce fuel consumption by up to 50% during the heating season without additional costs. But this is in the future, but for now it is quite clear to consider the principle of operation of this device.

The principle of operation of the system with a solid fuel boiler

The highest effect from connecting to the system will be in relation to solid fuel boilers.

The heat released during the combustion of fuel through the heat exchanger through the pipeline enters the registers or radiators, which are essentially the same heat exchangers, only they do not receive heat, but, on the contrary, give it to surrounding objects, air, in general, to the heating room.

Cooling down, the coolant - water in the batteries, goes down and again flows into the boiler heat exchanger circuit, where it heats up again. In such a scheme, there are at least two points associated with a large, if not a huge loss of heat:

• direct direction of movement of the coolant from the boiler to the registers and rapid cooling of the coolant;
• a small volume of coolant inside the heating system, which does not allow maintaining a stable temperature;
• the need to constantly maintain a consistently high temperature of the coolant in the boiler circuit.

It is important to understand that such an approach can only be called wasteful. After all, when laying fuel, first at a high combustion temperature in the premises, the air warms up quite quickly. But, as soon as the combustion process stops, the heating of the room will also end, and as a result, the temperature of the coolant will drop again, and the air in the room will cool.

Using a thermal storage

Unlike a standard heating system, a system equipped with a heat accumulator works a little differently. In its most primitive form, immediately after the boiler, the tank is installed as a buffer device.

A tank with multilayer thermal insulation is installed between the boiler and pipelines. The capacity of the tank, and it is calculated in such a way that the amount of coolant inside the tank is greater than in the heating system, contains the coolant heated from the boiler.

Several heat exchangers are introduced inside the tank for the heating system and for the hot water supply system. The internal volume of the accumulator heated from the boiler can maintain a high temperature for a long time and gradually release it for heating and water supply systems.

Given that the smallest tank has a volume of 350 liters of water, it is easy to calculate that by spending the same amount of fuel when using a heat accumulator, the effect will be much greater than with a direct heating system.

But this is the most primitive type of thermal device. A standard, designed to really work in the conditions of heat supply of a separate house, a heat accumulator can have:

The price of such batteries depends on many factors:

• tank material;
• the volume of the internal tank;
• the material from which the heat exchanger is made;
• manufacturer's firms;
• a set of additional equipment;

Specialist note: in principle, it is possible to calculate the correct operation of the entire heating system, starting from the TT boiler and ending with the diameter of the steamers, on your own, but it should be borne in mind that the power of both the boiler and the installation itself must be designed to operate at the lowest possible temperatures in the region.

More detailed information on this issue today can be found on the pages of Internet sites, both in text form and using the services of specialized online calculators, and of course in specialized companies involved in the development and installation of heat supply systems.

Everything is electronically controlled

Perhaps, for many, such a concept as a “smart home” has long been included in the usual rhythm of life.

A house in which electronics takes over many functions for the maintenance and management of systems cannot do without the participation of electronic components and the operation of the heating and water supply system with a heat accumulator.

To maintain a stable comfortable temperature, it is necessary not so much to constantly burn fuel in the boiler furnace, but to maintain a stable temperature in the heating system. And with such a task, the electronic control of the operation of the heat accumulator is quite coping.

Control board features:

In addition, the electronic component can be perfectly used as a controller of the operation of both solid fuel boilers and electric heaters, and even as a solar collector system for maximum benefit and resource saving.

The economic effect of even including a heat accumulator in the heat supply scheme allows, as already mentioned, to reduce fuel costs in the heating season by up to 50%, and given that the price of energy carriers is constantly growing, such an investment becomes not only profitable, but already mandatory for new buildings.

Watch the video in which the user explains in great detail the scheme of the solid fuel boiler, coupled with a heat accumulator:

heat.guru

Heat accumulator in the heating system: familiarity with the principle of operation, design and installation options

Why are heat accumulators needed in heating systems? How are they arranged? How to include a heat accumulator in a common circuit when installing a heating system with your own hands? Let's try to figure it out.

The hero of our article is in the photo on the right.

First meeting

What is a storage tank for heating?

In the simplest version - a high cylindrical or square tank with several pipes at different heights from the base. Volume - from 200 to 3000 liters (the most popular models are from 0.3 to 2 cubic meters).

The list of options and options is quite large:

• The number of nozzles can vary from four to a couple of dozen. It all depends on the configuration of the heating system and on the number of independent circuits.
• The thermal accumulator of water heating can be thermally insulated. 5-10 centimeters of foamed polyurethane foam will significantly reduce untargeted heat losses if the tank is located outside the heated room.

Tip: even if the tank is inside the house and, it would seem, its heat transfer helps the radiators to perform their functions, thermal insulation will not hurt. The amount of heat emitted by a tank with a volume of 0.3-2 cubic meters is VERY large. Our plans do not include organizing a round-the-clock sauna.

• The wall material can be either black steel or stainless steel. It is clear that in the second case, the service life of the heat accumulator is longer, but its price is also higher. By the way, in a closed system, water quickly becomes chemically inert, and the corrosion process of black steel is greatly slowed down.
• The tank can be divided into communicating sections by several horizontal partitions. In this case, the stratification of water by temperature inside its volume will be more pronounced.
• Flanges for mounting tubular electric heaters can be located on the tank. In fact, with sufficient power, the accumulator for heating systems will turn into a full-fledged electric boiler.
• The heat storage tank can be equipped with a heat exchanger for preparing hot drinking water. Moreover, it can be a flow-through plate heat exchanger, and a storage tank inside the main tank. Compared to the amount of heat stored in the tank, the cost of heating water will in any case be negligible.
• An additional heat exchanger for connecting the solar collector can be located at the bottom of the tank. It is at the bottom - to ensure efficient heat transfer from the collector to the storage tank, even at low efficiency (for example, at dusk).

So the heat accumulator is used in the solar heating system.

Functions

It is easy to guess that heating heat accumulators are needed in order to accumulate thermal energy in reserve. But even without them, the heating seems to work, and not bad. In what cases is their use justified?

solid fuel boiler

For solid fuel boilers (with or without a water circuit), the most efficient mode of operation is in which the fuel burns with a minimum amount of residues (including not only ash, but also acids and tar) and maximum efficiency - full power. Power adjustment is usually carried out by restricting air access to the furnace - with unambiguous consequences.

However, to utilize all the thermal power means to heat the radiators almost red-hot in a short time, and then let them cool down. This mode is extremely inefficient, leads to accelerated wear of pipes, their connections and provides an uncomfortable temperature regime in the house.

This is where a heating system with a heat accumulator comes to the rescue:

• The heat generated by the boiler at full power is utilized to heat the water in the tank.
• After the fuel burns out, the water continues to circulate between the storage tank and the radiators, taking away heat from it GRADUALLY.

As a bonus, we get a much rarer kindling of the boiler, which will save us both strength and time.

The buffer tank will allow the solid fuel boiler to operate optimally.

Electric boiler

What is the advantage of thermal storage heating when electricity is used as a heat source? After all, all modern electric boilers can smoothly or stepwise regulate power and do not need frequent maintenance?

The key phrase is the night rate. The cost of a kilowatt-hour in the presence of a two-tariff meter can be VERY different at night, when the power systems are unloaded, and during the day, at the peak of consumption.

By varying tariffs, power engineers distribute electricity consumption more evenly; well, this is in our favor:

1. At night, the programmable boiler is switched on by a timer and heats the accumulator for heating to its maximum operating temperature of 90 degrees.
2. During the day, the accumulated thermal energy is used to heat the home. The flow rate of the heat carrier for heating systems is dosed by adjusting the performance of the circulation pump.

A heat accumulator in combination with a two-tariff meter will help to significantly save on heating.

Multi-circuit heating

Another very useful function of the storage tank is the ability to use it simultaneously with the accumulation of energy as a hydraulic gun. What is it and why is it needed?

Recall that there are usually more than four nozzles on the body of a tall tank. Although, it would seem, quite enough entry and exit. At different levels, water with different temperatures can be taken from the storage tank; as a result, we can get, most typically, a high-temperature circuit with radiators and low-temperature heating - underfloor heating.

Please note: pumps with thermal control circuits will still be needed. At different times of the day at the same level of the tank, the water temperature will vary greatly.

Branch pipes can be used not only as outlets for heating circuits. Several boilers of different types can also be connected to a heat accumulator.

Connection and thermal capacity

What does a heating system with a heat accumulator look like?

Heat accumulators for heating are connected in the same way as hydraulic arrows and, in general, differ from them only in thermal insulation and volume. They are placed between the supply and return pipelines leading from the boiler. The supply is connected to the top of the tank, the return to the bottom.

The secondary circuits are powered depending on what temperature of the coolant they require: high-temperature heating draws water from the top of the tank, low-temperature heating from the bottom.

Principal connection diagram.

The instruction for calculating the thermal capacity is based on a simple formula: Q = mc(T2-T1), where:

• Q - accumulated heat;
• m is the mass of water in the tank;
• c - specific heat capacity of the coolant in J / (kg * K), for water equal to 4200;
• T2 and T1 - initial and final temperatures of the coolant.

Let's say a heat accumulator with a volume of two cubic meters at a temperature delta of 20C (90-70) and using water as a coolant can accumulate 2000kg (we will take the density of water as 1kg / l, although at 90C it is slightly less) x4200 J / (kg * K) x20 = 168000000 Joules.

What does this amount of energy mean? The tank can deliver 168 megawatts of thermal power in one second or, more realistically, 5 kilowatts in 33,600 seconds (9.3 hours).

Conclusion

As usual, you can learn more about heat accumulators by watching the video attached to the article (see also the water heating scheme for a private house).

Corrugated pipe for heating

Heat accumulator for heating boilers

We continue our series of articles with a topic that will be of interest to those who heat their homes with solid fuel boilers. We will talk about the heat accumulator for heating boilers (TA) on solid fuels. This is a really necessary device that allows you to balance the operation of the circuit, smooth out the temperature drops of the coolant, while also saving money. We note right away that a heat accumulator for electric heating boilers is used only if the house has an electric meter with separate calculation of night and day energy. Otherwise, installing a heat accumulator for gas heating boilers does not make any sense.

How does a heating system with a heat accumulator work?

A heat accumulator for heating boilers is a part of the heating system designed to increase the time between loading solid fuel into the boiler. It is a reservoir in which there is no air access. It is insulated and has a fairly large volume. There is always water in the heat accumulator for heating, it also circulates throughout the circuit. Of course, an antifreeze liquid can also be used as a coolant, but still, due to its high cost, it is not used in circuits with TA.

In addition, there is no point in filling the heating system with a heat accumulator with antifreeze, since such tanks are placed in residential premises. And the essence of their application is to ensure that the temperature in the circuit is always stable, and, accordingly, the water in the system is warm. The use of a large heat accumulator for heating in country houses of temporary residence is impractical, and there is little sense from a small reservoir. This is due to the principle of operation of the heat accumulator for the heating system.

• The TA is located between the boiler and the heating system. When the boiler heats up the coolant, it enters the TA;
• then the water flows through the pipes to the radiators;
• The return line returns to the TA, and then immediately to the boiler.

Although the heat accumulator for the heating system is a single vessel, due to its large size, the flow direction at the top and bottom is different.

In order for TA to perform its primary function of heat storage, these streams must be mixed. The difficulty lies in the fact that the heat always rises, and the cold tends to fall. It is necessary to create conditions so that part of the heat sinks to the bottom of the heat accumulator in the heating system and heats the return coolant. If the temperature has evened out in the entire tank, then it is considered fully charged.

After the boiler fired everything that was loaded into it, it stops working and TA comes into play. The circulation continues and it gradually releases its heat through the radiators into the room. All this happens until the next portion of fuel enters the boiler again.

If the heat storage for heating is small, then its reserve will last for a very short time, while the heating time of the batteries increases, since the volume of the coolant in the circuit has become larger. Cons of using for temporary residences:

• the warm-up time increases;
• a larger volume of the circuit, which makes filling it with antifreeze more expensive;
• higher installation costs.

As you understand, filling the system and draining water every time you arrive at your dacha is at least troublesome. Considering that the tank alone will be 300 liters. For the sake of several days a week, it is pointless to take such measures.

Additional circuits are built into the tank - these are metal spiral pipes. The liquid in the spiral does not have direct contact with the coolant in the heat accumulator for heating the house. These can be contours:

• low-temperature heating (warm floor).

Thus, even the most primitive single-circuit boiler or even a stove can become a universal heater. It will provide the entire house with the necessary heat and hot water at the same time. Accordingly, the performance of the heater will be fully utilized.

In serial models manufactured under production conditions, additional heating sources are built in. These are also spirals, only they are called electric heating elements. There are often several of them and they can work from different sources:

• circuit;
• solar panels.

Such heating refers to additional options and is not mandatory, consider this if you decide to make a heat accumulator for heating with your own hands.

Heat accumulator piping schemes

We dare to assume that if you are interested in this article, then most likely you decided to make a heat accumulator for heating and tie it yourself. You can come up with a lot of connection schemes, the main thing is that everything works. If you correctly understand the processes occurring in the circuit, then you can quite experiment. How you connect the HA to the boiler will affect the operation of the entire system. Let's first analyze the simplest heating scheme with a heat accumulator.

A simple TA strapping scheme

In the figure you see the direction of movement of the coolant. Please note that upward movement is prohibited. To prevent this from happening, the pump between the TA and the boiler must pump a larger amount of coolant than the one that stands up to the tank. Only in this case will a sufficient retracting force be formed, which will take part of the heat from the supply. The disadvantage of such a connection scheme is the long heating time of the circuit. To reduce it, you need to create a boiler heating ring. You can see it in the following diagram.

TA piping scheme with a boiler heating circuit

The essence of the heating circuit is that the thermostat does not mix water from the TA until the boiler warms it up to the set level. When the boiler is warmed up, part of the supply goes to the TA, and the part is mixed with the coolant from the reservoir and enters the boiler. Thus, the heater always works with an already heated liquid, which increases its efficiency and the heating time of the circuit. That is, the batteries will get warm faster.

This method of installing a heat accumulator in a heating system allows you to use the circuit offline when the pump is not running. Please note that the diagram shows only the nodes for connecting the TA to the boiler. The circulation of the coolant to the radiators occurs in a different way, which also passes through the TA. The presence of two bypasses allows you to play it safe twice:

• the check valve is activated if the pump is stopped and the ball valve on the lower bypass is closed;
• in the event of a pump stop and a check valve failure, circulation is carried out through the lower bypass.

In principle, some simplifications can be made in such a construction. Given the fact that the check valve has a high flow resistance, it can be excluded from the circuit.

TA piping scheme without check valve for gravity system

In this case, when the light disappears, you will need to manually open the ball valve. It should be said that with such a wiring, the TA should be above the level of the radiators. If you do not plan that the system will work by gravity, then the piping of the heating system with a heat accumulator can be performed according to the scheme shown below.

Scheme of piping TA for a circuit with forced circulation

In TA, the correct movement of water is created, which allows ball after ball, starting from the top, to warm it up. Perhaps the question arises, what to do if there is no light? We talked about this in an article about . It will be more economical and more convenient. After all, gravity circuits are made of large-section pipes, and besides, not always convenient slopes must be observed. If you calculate the price of pipes and fittings, weigh all the inconveniences of installation and compare it all with the price of a UPS, then the idea of ​​​​installing an alternative power source becomes very attractive.

Calculation of the volume of the heat storage

The volume of the heat accumulator for heating

As we have already mentioned, it is not advisable to use a small volume TA, while too large tanks are also not always appropriate. So the question arose of how to calculate the required volume of TA. I really want to give a specific answer, but, unfortunately, it cannot be. Although there is still an approximate calculation of a heat accumulator for heating. Let's say you don't know what heat loss your house is and you can't find out, for example, if it hasn't been built yet. By the way, to reduce heat loss, you need . You can choose a tank based on two values:

• the area of ​​the heated room;
• boiler power.

Methods for calculating the volume of TA: room area x 4 or boiler power x 25.

It is these two characteristics that are decisive. Different sources offer their own calculation method, but in fact these two methods are closely related. Suppose we decide to calculate the volume of a heat accumulator for heating, starting from the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. To do this, you need to multiply the quadrature of the heated room by four. For example, if we have a small house of 100 square meters, then we need a tank of 400 liters. This volume will reduce the loading of the boiler up to two times a day.

Undoubtedly, there are pyrolysis boilers that are loaded with fuel twice a day, only in this case the principle of operation is slightly different:

• fuel ignites;
• the air supply is reduced;
• the smoldering process begins.

In this case, when the fuel flares up, the temperature in the circuit begins to rise rapidly, and then smoldering keeps the water warm. During this very smoldering, a lot of energy escapes into the pipe. In addition, if a solid fuel boiler works in tandem with a leaky heating system, then at peak temperatures the expansion tank sometimes boils. In the truest sense of the word, water begins to boil in it. If the pipes are made of polymers, then this is simply fatal for them.

In one of the articles about TA, it takes some of the heat and the tank can boil only after the tank is fully charged. That is, the possibility of boiling, with the right amount of TA, tends to zero.

Now let's try to calculate the volume of TA, based on the number of kilowatts in the heater. By the way, this indicator is calculated on the basis of the quadrature of the room. 1 kW is taken for 10 m. It turns out that in a house of 100 square meters there should be a boiler of at least 10 kilowatts. Since the calculation is always done with a margin, we can assume that in our case there will be a 15 kilowatt unit.

If you do not take into account the amount of coolant in the radiators and pipes, then one kilowatt of the boiler can heat approximately 25 liters of water in the TA. Therefore, the calculation will be appropriate: you need to multiply the boiler power by 25. As a result, we will get 375 liters. If we compare with the previous calculation, the results are very close. Only this is taking into account that the boiler power will be calculated with a gap of at least 50%.

Remember, the more TA, the better. But in this case, as in any other, one must do without fanaticism. If you put a TA for two thousand liters, then the heater simply cannot cope with such a volume. Be objective.

Good day everyone! If you have landed on this page of my blog, then you are interested in at least 2 questions:

• What is a heat accumulator?
• How is a heat accumulator arranged?

I will start answering these questions in order.

What is a heat accumulator?

In order to answer this question, a definition needs to be given. It sounds like this, a heat accumulator is a container in which a large volume of hot coolant accumulates. Outside, the container is covered with thermal insulation made of mineral wool or foamed polyethylene.

Why do you need a heat accumulator?

You ask: “Why do we need this overgrown thermos?” Everything is very simple here, it allows you to optimally use the heat given off by the boiler. Paired with a heat accumulator, a powerful boiler always works (most often). The boiler quickly and non-stop transfers heat from the burned fuel to the heat accumulator, and it, in turn, slowly and in the right mode gives this heat to the heating system. The volume of the system is much smaller than the capacity of the battery. This allows you to "stretch" the heat from the fuel over time. It actually turns out. When the battery capacity is heated, the boiler constantly operates at full capacity, and this avoids the appearance of tarry condensate in the boiler.

How is a heat accumulator arranged?

As mentioned above, TA is a container in which hot water (or another) accumulates. To make it clear, look at the following figure:

The tank has several nozzles for connecting various equipment:

• Thermal energy generator - boiler,.
• Plate heat exchanger for heating hot water.
• Various boiler equipment - safety group, expansion tank and so on.

Water container materials.

• Carbon steel of various grades with or without protective enamel or varnish on the inner surface is the cheapest and therefore the most common material.
• Stainless steel is the most durable material that does not corrode. Its main disadvantage is the high price.
• Fiberglass - collapsible heat accumulators are made from this "exotic" material, which are assembled directly on site. This method allows you to carry the TA along the narrowest stairs and assemble it exactly in the right place. If you're interested, watch the video to see what it looks like.

Heat accumulator connection diagram.

Now let's look at how the battery is included in the heating system:

From this diagram it can be seen that the TA is included in the heating system as a hydraulic separator (). I recommend reading a separate article dedicated to this useful device. I will say briefly that such a switching scheme excludes the mutual influence of different ones and allows you to provide the boiler with the required volume of coolant, which has a positive effect on the life of the heat exchanger.

Heat accumulator and hot water supply.

Another important issue is the device in the house of hot water. Here TA can also come to the rescue. Of course, it is impossible to use water directly from the heating system for sanitary needs. But there are at least two solutions here:

• Connection to the TA of a plate heat exchanger in which sanitary water will be heated is used on the simplest TA models.
• Purchase of a heat accumulator with a built-in DHW system - it can be implemented using either a separate heat exchanger (coil) or according to the “tank in tank” scheme.

You can, of course, still purchase separately, but I believe that this can only be done if you have the necessary space in your boiler room.

Summary.

A heat accumulator is another way to increase the time between fuel fillings in the boiler. In addition, TA can be used in systems with solar collectors and heat pumps. Most often, TA is used as a replacement for long-burning boilers. The alternative is certainly interesting and worthy of your attention. This concludes my story. I look forward to your questions in the comments.

When using a gas boiler, we do not need to independently maintain a certain temperature in the heating circuit - this is done by automation. But everything changes when a solid fuel boiler is installed in the house. The fuel in it burns unevenly, which leads to cooling or overheating of the heating system. A heat accumulator for heating will help to compensate for these fluctuations and stabilize the temperature in the circuit. A capacious storage tank will be able to retain an excess of thermal energy, gradually giving it to the heating system.

In this review, we will look at:

• How do heat accumulators for heating systems work;
• How to calculate the required volume of the battery tank;
• How are storage tanks connected?
• The most popular models of thermal storage devices.

Let's go through these points in more detail.

The principle of operation of heat accumulators

If you install a solid fuel boiler in the house, there will be a severe need to regularly add new portions of firewood. It's all about the limited volume of the combustion chamber - it cannot accommodate an unlimited number of logs. Yes, and systems for their automatic supply have not yet been invented, if we do not take into account pellet boilers with automation. In other words, you will have to monitor the operation of the heating system yourself.

These boilers develop maximum power at the moment when firewood blazes merrily in them. At this point, they give a lot of extra energy, so users dose the firewood carefully, putting them in one log at a time. Otherwise, the house will be too hot. There is nothing good in this, because because of this, the number of approaches increases, which is already high. The problem is solved with the help of a heat accumulator.

A thermal accumulator for heating is a storage tank in which a hot coolant accumulates. Moreover, energy is given to the heating circuit in a strictly dosed manner, which ensures temperature stability. Due to this, households get rid of temperature fluctuations and frequent approaches for laying firewood. Accumulation tanks are able to accumulate excess heat energy and smoothly release it to the heating circuits.

Let's try to explain the principle of working on the fingers:

The simplicity of the design of the thermal accumulator not only increases the reliability of the unit, but also simplifies repairs and scheduled maintenance.

• The heating boiler installed in the heating system with a heat accumulator is loaded with firewood and produces a large amount of thermal energy;
• The received energy is sent to the thermal battery and accumulates there;
• At the same time, with the help of a heat exchanger, heat is taken in for the heating system.

A buffer tank for heating (aka a heat accumulator) operates in two modes - accumulation and return. In this case, the power of the boiler may exceed the required heat output for heating the home. While firewood is burning in the firebox, heat will accumulate in the thermal accumulator. After the logs go out, energy will be taken from the battery for a long time.

The heat accumulators of Lazybok for hotbeds and greenhouses are arranged in approximately the same way - during the day they accumulate heat from the sun, and at night they give it away, warming the plants and preventing them from freezing. They just look a little different.

Heat accumulators for heating systems are also necessary if solar panels or heat pumps are used as a heat source. The same batteries cannot provide heat around the clock, since at night their efficiency drops to zero. During daylight hours, they will not only heat the house, but also accumulate thermal energy in the storage tank.

Heat accumulators can be useful when using electric boilers . Such a scheme justifies itself on a two-tariff payment system. In this case, the system is configured so that heat is accumulated at night, and heat is released during the day. Thanks to this, consumers have the opportunity to save money on electricity consumption.

Varieties of heat accumulators

The heat accumulator for the heating system is a capacious tank equipped with solid thermal insulation - it is she who is responsible for minimizing heat loss. With the help of one pair of pipes, the battery is connected to the boiler, and with the help of another pair - to the heating system. Also, additional pipes can be provided here for connecting a DHW circuit or additional sources of thermal energy. Let's look at the main types of heat accumulators for heating systems:

In the presence of a circulation pump, it becomes possible to use several buffer tanks at once, which allows you to evenly heat several rooms at once.

• Buffer tank - is a simple tank, devoid of internal heat exchangers. The design provides for the use of the same coolant in the boiler and batteries, at the same allowable pressure. If it is planned to pass one coolant through the boiler, and another through the batteries, an external heat exchanger should be connected to the heat accumulator;
• Heat accumulators for individual heating with lower, upper or several heat exchangers at once - such heat accumulators allow you to organize two independent circuits. The first circuit is a tank connected to the boiler, and the second is a heating circuit with batteries or convectors. The heat carriers do not mix here, in both circuits there may be different pressures. Heating is carried out using a heat exchanger;
• With a flow heat exchanger of the DHW circuit or with a tank - for organizing hot water supply. In the first case, water can be consumed all day and evenly. The second scheme provides for the accumulation of water in order to quickly return it at a certain time (for example, in the evening, when everyone takes a shower before going to bed) - indirect boilers that accumulate water are arranged in a similar way.

The design of heat accumulators for heating can be very different, the choice of the appropriate option depends on the complexity of the heating system, its characteristics and the number of sources of hot coolant.

Some heat accumulators are equipped with heating elements with thermostats, which makes it possible to provide consumers with heat at night, when the coolant has already cooled down, and there is no one to throw firewood into the furnace. They are also useful when using heat pumps and solar panels.

Calculation of the volume of the heat accumulator

We have come close to the most difficult issue - to calculate the required volume of the heat accumulator. To do this, we will use the following formula - m=W/(K*C*Δt). The letter W denotes the amount of excess heat, K is the efficiency of the boiler (indicated as a decimal fraction), C is the heat capacity of water (heat carrier), and Δt is the temperature difference, determined by subtracting the temperature of the heat carrier in the return pipe from the temperature in the supply pipe. For example, it can be 80 degrees at the outlet and 45 degrees at the return - in total we get Δt = 35.

First, let's calculate the amount of excess heat. Suppose that for a house of 100 square meters. m. we need 10 kW of heat per hour. The burning time on one bookmark of firewood is 3 hours, and the boiler power is 25 kW. Consequently, in 3 hours the boiler will generate 75 kW of heat, of which only 30 kW must be sent for heating. In total, we have 45 kW of excess heat left - this is enough for another 4.5 hours of heating. In order not to lose this heat and not to reduce the amount of loaded firewood (otherwise we will simply overheat the system), you should use a heat accumulator.

As for the heat capacity of water, it is 1.164 W * h / kg * ° C - if you do not understand physics, just do not go into details. And remember that if you use a different coolant, then its heat capacity will be different.

Having carried out the necessary calculations, using our advice, you can easily choose a model that most accurately satisfies all your needs.

In total, we have all four values ​​\u200b\u200b- this is 45,000 W of heat, the efficiency of the boiler (suppose 85%, which will be 0.85 in fractional terms), the heat capacity of water is 1.164 and the temperature difference is 35 degrees. We carry out calculations - m \u003d 45000 / (0.85 * 1.164 * 35). With these figures, the volume is 1299.4 liters. We round up and get the capacity of the heat accumulator for our heating system equal to 1300 liters.

If you can’t do the calculations yourself, use special calculators, auxiliary tables or the help of specialists.

Wiring diagrams

The simplest scheme for connecting a heat accumulator to a solid fuel boiler involves the use of the same coolant at equal pressure in the boiler and the heating system. For these purposes, the simplest storage tank without heat exchangers is suitable. Two pumps are installed on the return pipes - by adjusting their performance, we will ensure temperature control in the heating system. There is a similar scheme using a three-way valve - it allows you to control the temperature by mixing the hot coolant and the cooled coolant from the return pipe.

Heat accumulators with a built-in heat exchanger are designed to work in heating systems with high heat carrier pressure. To do this, heat exchangers are located inside them, connected through a circulation pump to the boilers - this is how a supply circuit is formed. The internal capacity of the storage tank with a second circulation pump and batteries forms a heating circuit. Both circuits can circulate different heat transfer fluids, such as water and glycol.

The scheme of a solid fuel boiler with a heat accumulator and a DHW circuit allows for the supply of hot water without the use of double-circuit equipment. For this, internal flow heat exchangers or built-in tanks are used. If hot water is needed throughout the day, we recommend buying and installing a heat accumulator with a flow exchanger. For peak one-time consumption, batteries with hot water tanks are optimal.

Bivalent and multivalent connection schemes have also been developed - they provide for the use of several heat sources at once for heating operation. For this, heat accumulators with several heat exchangers can be used.

Popular Models

It's time to deal with the most popular models of heat accumulators for heating systems. We will consider the products of domestic and foreign manufacturers.

The manufacturer of Prometheus heat accumulators is the Novosibirsk company SibEnergoTerm. It produces models with a volume of 230, 300, 500, 750 and 1000 liters. The equipment warranty is 5 years. Heat accumulators are endowed with four outlets for connection to heating and heat sources. For the conservation of the accumulated energy, a layer of thermal insulation made of mineral wool is responsible. Working pressure is 2 atm., Maximum - 6 atm. When buying equipment, consider its dimensions - for example, the diameter of a 1000-liter model is 900 mm, which is why its body may not fit in standard doorways 80 cm wide.

The price of the presented heat accumulator for heating systems varies in the range from 65 to 70 thousand rubles.

Another capacious heat accumulator for 1000 liters of water. It is equipped with one or two smooth-tube heat exchangers, but lacks thermal insulation, which must be taken into account when installing it - it will have to be purchased separately. The case diameter is 790 mm, but if thermal insulation is added to it, then the diameter grows to 990 mm. The maximum temperature in the heating system is +110 degrees, in the DHW circuit - up to +95 degrees.

These heat accumulators are represented by modifications with six or ten connections. There are also terminals for temperature sensors on board. The capacity of the tanks is 960 liters, the working pressure is up to 3 bar. The thickness of the heat-insulating layer is 80 mm. The use of other liquids as a heat carrier, except for water, is not allowed - this applies to both circuits, and not just the heating circuit. If necessary, it is possible to connect several heat accumulators in series into a single cascade.

Homemade heat accumulators

Nothing prevents you from assembling a heat accumulator for a heating system with your own hands - for this you need to make calculations and draw a drawing, focusing on the required capacity. Tanks are constructed from sheet metal 1-2 mm thick, cut with a plasma cutter, cutting machine or welding machine. Heat exchangers are organized from metal straight or corrugated pipes. And in order to avoid rapid corrosion of the metal, it is necessary to purchase a magnesium anode. Basalt wool can be used as thermal insulation.

As a bonus, we present a detailed drawing of a heat accumulator with a capacity of 500 liters - this is enough to maintain the heating system in a small house.

Video

Solid fuel boilers cannot operate for a long time without the intervention of a person who must periodically load firewood into the firebox. If this is not done, the system will begin to cool down, the temperature in the house will drop. In the event of a power outage with a fully ignited furnace, there is a danger of the coolant boiling up in the jacket of the unit and its subsequent destruction. All these problems can be solved by installing a heat accumulator for heating boilers. It will also be able to perform the function of protecting cast iron installations from cracking during a sharp temperature drop in the network water.

Piping of a solid fuel boiler with a heat accumulator

Calculation of the buffer capacity for the boiler

The role of the heat accumulator in the general heating scheme is as follows: during the operation of the boiler in the normal mode, accumulate thermal energy, and after the furnace is attenuated, give it to the radiators for a certain period of time. Structurally, a heat accumulator for a solid fuel boiler is an insulated water tank with an estimated capacity. It can be installed both in the furnace room and in a separate room of the house. It does not make sense to put such a tank on the street, since the water in it will cool much faster than inside the building.

Given the availability of free space in the house, the calculation of a heat accumulator for a solid fuel boiler in practice is carried out as follows: tank capacity is taken from the ratio of 25-50 liters of water per 1 kW of power required to heat the house. For a more accurate calculation of the buffer capacity for the boiler, it is assumed that the water in the tank will heat up to 90 ⁰С during the operation of the boiler plant, and after the latter is turned off, it will give off heat and cool down to 50 ⁰С. For a temperature difference of 40 ⁰С, the values ​​of the heat given off for different tank volumes are presented in the table.

Table of heat output values ​​for different tank sizes

Even if there is space in the building to install a large capacity, it does not always make sense. It should be remembered that a large amount of water will need to be heated, then the power of the boiler itself should initially be 2 times more than what is needed to heat the home. Too small a tank will not perform its functions, as it will not be able to accumulate enough heat.

The choice of a heat accumulator for a solid fuel boiler is influenced by the availability of free space in the room. When buying a large storage tank, it will be necessary to provide for a foundation, since equipment with a significant mass cannot be placed on ordinary floors. If, according to the calculation, a tank with a volume of 1 m 3 is required, and there is not enough space for its installation, then you can purchase 2 products of 0.5 m 3 each, placing them in different places.

Heat accumulator for solid fuel boiler

Another point is the presence of a hot water system in the house. In the event that the boiler does not have its own water heating circuit, it is possible to purchase a heat accumulator with such a circuit. Of no small importance is the value of the working pressure in the heating system, which in residential buildings traditionally should not exceed 3 bar. In some cases, the pressure reaches 4 bar if a powerful home-made unit is used as a heat source. Then the heat accumulator for the heating system will have to choose a special design - with a toruspherical cover.

Some factory-made hot water accumulators are equipped with an electric heating element installed at the top of the tank. Such a technical solution will not allow the coolant to completely cool down after the boiler stops, the upper zone of the tank will be heated. DHW will be supplied for household needs.

Simple switching circuit with mixing

The storage device can be included in the system according to different schemes. The simplest piping of a solid fuel boiler with a heat accumulator is suitable for working with gravitational coolant supply systems and will operate in the event of a power outage. To do this, the tank must be installed above the heating radiators. The circuit includes a circulation pump, a thermostatic three-way valve and a check valve. At the beginning of the heating cycle, water, driven by the pump, passes through the supply pipeline from the heat source through the three-way valve to the heaters. This continues until the flow temperature reaches a certain value, eg 60°C.

At this temperature, the valve begins to mix cold water into the system from the lower pipe of the tank, observing the set temperature of 60 ⁰С at the outlet. Through the upper pipe, directly connected to the boiler, heated water will begin to flow into the tank, the battery will begin to charge. When the firewood is completely burned in the firebox, the temperature in the supply pipe will begin to drop. When it becomes less than 60 ⁰С, the thermostat will gradually shut off the supply from the heat source and open the flow of water from the tank. That, in turn, will be gradually filled with cold water from the boiler and at the end of the cycle the three-way valve will return to its original position.

The non-return valve, connected in parallel with the three-way thermostat, is activated when the circulation pump stops. Then the boiler with a heat accumulator will work directly, the coolant will go to the heating devices directly from the tank, which will be replenished with water from the heat source. The thermostat in this case does not take part in the operation of the circuit.

Schematic with hydraulic separation

Another, more complex connection scheme, implies an uninterrupted supply of electricity. If this is not possible, then it is necessary to provide for connection to the network through an uninterruptible power supply. Another option is to use diesel or gasoline power plants. In the previous case, the connection of the heat accumulator to the solid fuel boiler was independent, that is, the system could work separately from the tank. In this scheme, the battery acts as a buffer tank (hydraulic separator). A special mixing unit (LADDOMAT) is built into the primary circuit, through which water circulates when the boiler is ignited.

Connecting a heat accumulator to a solid fuel boiler

Block elements:

• circulation pump;
• three-way thermostatic valve;
• check valve;
• sump;
• Ball Valves;
• temperature control devices.

Differences from the previous scheme - all devices are assembled in one unit, and the coolant goes to the tank, and not to the heating system. The principle of operation of the stirring unit remains unchanged. Such a piping of a solid fuel boiler with a heat accumulator allows you to connect as many heating branches as you like at the outlet of the tank. For example, to supply radiators and underfloor or air heating systems. In addition, each branch has its own circulation pump. All circuits are separated hydraulically, excess heat from the source is accumulated in the tank and used if necessary.

Advantages and disadvantages

A heating system with a heat accumulator, in which a solid fuel installation serves as a heat source, has a lot of advantages:

• Increased comfort in the house, because after the combustion of fuel, the heating system continues to heat the house with hot water from the tank. No need to get up in the middle of the night and load a portion of firewood into the firebox.
• The presence of a container protects the water jacket of the boiler from boiling and destruction. If the electricity is suddenly cut off or the thermostatic heads installed on the radiators cut off the coolant due to reaching the desired temperature, then the heat source will heat the water in the tank. During this time, the power supply may be restored or the diesel generator will be started.
• The supply of cold water from the return pipeline to the red-hot cast-iron heat exchanger is excluded after the sudden activation of the circulation pump.
• Heat accumulators can be used as hydraulic separators in the heating system (hydraulic arrows). This makes the operation of all circuit branches independent, which provides additional savings in thermal energy.

The higher cost of installing the entire system and the requirements for equipment placement are the only disadvantages of using storage tanks. However, these investments and inconveniences will be followed by minimal operating costs in the long run.