Operation of pumping equipment in the system autonomous water supply regulated by special automation. One of the main parts that control network parameters is a pressure switch. This device is factory set to a low and high limit at which the pump will turn on. If it is necessary to change the indicators, the pressure switch of the pumping station is adjusted. Such an operation does not require the involvement of specialists, knowing the settings rules, it can be carried out independently.

Water supply network with relay

How the pressure switch works

Regardless of the manufacturer, the water pressure switch in the water supply system is a compact unit with two springs and electrical contacts. The hydraulic part of the device is a membrane with a piston and two springs. different sizes. Electrical part- contact group, opening / closing network for turning the pump on / off. All structural parts, including the terminal block, are attached to the metal base. The device has several terminal groups:

• for connecting voltage 220V;
• for grounding;
• terminals for the pump.

On the back side there is a nut for connecting to the fitting. From above, the device is covered with a plastic cover, fixed to the screw of a larger spring. Products from different factories can be equipped additional elements, have a characteristic shape and arrangement of nodes, but they all have a similar design. The sensor can be mechanical or electronic. Mechanical devices are more popular due to their low cost.

Relay design

Attention. To remove from the device plastic cover screwdriver or wrench required.

The principle of operation of the relay

The pressure switch device of the pumping station does not require human intervention in the process of turning the pump on and off. The principle of its operation is based on changing the degree of impact on the piston responsible for closing the contacts. A large spring mounted on a stem with an adjustment nut counteracts the movement of the diaphragm and piston. When the pressure in the system decreases due to water parsing, the contact platform lowers and closes the contacts. The pump turns on and begins to pump fluid.

Mechanical pressure controller

The flow of water into the accumulator leads to an increase in air pressure on the membrane of the device. The piston, overcoming the action of the spring, begins to displace the contact platform. This process causes the electrical contacts to open. The current is turned off not immediately, but when the platform is retracted to a distance determined by the setting of the small spring. This regulator is responsible for the pressure difference. After the contacts are completely open, the unit stops pumping water.

Information. A large spring is used to adjust the lower pressure level (on), a small spring is used to set the upper limit (off).

Preparation of the pumping station

When organizing individual water supply, it is established special equipment — pumping station. It consists of two parts:

• submersible (surface) pump;
• hydraulic accumulator.

Sealed tank with installed inside rubber membrane serves to store water and maintain a stable pressure in the system. Before you start setting up the pressure switch of the pumping station with your own hands, you should prepare the tank. The tank consists of rubber pear, into which water is pumped, and a chamber filled with air. The magnitude of the air pressure affects the operation of the entire water supply system, so it is necessary to set up a pumping station.

Training membrane tank begins with the complete draining of water from the pipeline and the tank itself. For this, it is used bottom faucet systems. Air is pumped into an empty tank, its pressure should be less lower limit on 10%. The minimum pressure value is determined depending on the size of the accumulator:

• 20-30 l - 1.4-1.7 bar;
• 50-100 l - 1.8-1.9 bar.

After determining the pressure in the storage tank, the system is immediately filled with water; the rubber bulb must not be allowed to dry out.

Pumping station with hydraulic accumulator and sensor

Attention. Self check pressure in the tank is necessary when assembling equipment from individual parts. Modern models factory-made pumping stations have ready-made settings specified in the documents.

In order for the tank membrane to serve for a long time, it is recommended to set the pressure in the accumulator to 0.1-0.2 atm. lower than the minimum level in the system.

Where to install a mechanical controller?

When choosing a place to connect the pressure switch to a submersible pump, possible turbulence and pressure surges should be avoided. The best option- installation near the accumulator. The operating conditions of the device should be taken into account; in the documents, the manufacturer indicates the permissible parameters of temperature and humidity. With a moisture-proof version of the sensor, you can install it together with the storage in the caisson. In order for the controller to start functioning, it must be connected to the electrical and water supply network.

For the relay, it is desirable to allocate a separate electrical line, but this condition is not required. A cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm 2 is laid from the shield. For safety, it is recommended to install a circuit breaker, with parameters corresponding to the characteristics of the pump. The device must be earthed.

Terminal block has three groups of contacts: grounding, phase and zero from the shield, wire from the pump.

The connection is carried out as standard - the wire is stripped, inserted into the connector and fixed with a bolt

Attention. Connection to electrical network produced according to the inscriptions indicated on the contact group.

A submersible pump with a pressure switch can be connected using a tee or a five-way fitting. The connection is made through the nut on the back of the device. In the first case, the device is installed directly on the highway. The second option is preferable when a five-part assembly is assembled:

1. Submersible or surface pump.
2. Pressure gauge.
3. Hydraulic accumulator.
4. Pressure sensor.
5. Pipeline.

Relay installation diagram

Advice. All threaded connections of the assembly need to be sealed; sealant or FUM tape is used for this purpose.

Mandatory elements of the water supply network at home are filters. These devices are necessary to purify the liquid from impurities that impair the operation of equipment, including pressure switches. After connecting the sensor to the water supply and the electrical network, all that remains is to adjust the pumping station with your own hands.

The filter can be installed before the accumulator and automation. It will trap all large particles that can damage relay systems, membranes and rubber gaskets. But in this case, it is necessary to clean it regularly - severe pollution impairs its throughput. This increases the load on the pump, which can lead to premature failure. When installing a filter after the station, it will operate normally without increasing the load. By weakening the pressure, the consumer will understand that the filter element requires cleaning.

Relay setting

The manufacturer provides the setting of pumping stations for average indicators:

• lower level - 1.5-1.8 bar;
• upper level - 2.4-3 bar.

Lower pressure threshold

If the consumer is not satisfied with such values, then knowing how to adjust the pressure in the pumping station, they can be changed. Having dealt with the installation correct pressure in the storage tank, proceed to adjust the sensor settings:

1. The pump and relay are de-energized. All liquid is drained from the system. The pressure gauge is at zero at this point.
2. The plastic cover of the sensor is removed with a screwdriver.
3. Turn on the pump and record the pressure gauge readings at the time the equipment is turned off. This indicator is the upper pressure of the system.
4. The tap farthest from the unit opens. The water gradually drains, the pump turns on again. At this point, the lower pressure is determined by the pressure gauge. The pressure difference, which this moment the equipment is set up, it is calculated mathematically - subtracting the results obtained.

Attention. To obtain the correct setting, you need a reliable pressure gauge whose readings can be trusted.

Having the opportunity to evaluate the pressure from the tap, select the required setting. Adjustment for increasing the pressure of the pumping station is carried out by tightening the nut on a large spring. If the pressure needs to be reduced, the nut is loosened. Do not forget that adjustment work is carried out after disconnecting the device from the power supply.

Attention. The setting is done carefully, the relay is a sensitive device. One turn of the nut changes the pressure by 0.6-0.8 atmospheres.

Upper pressure threshold

To set the optimal frequency of switching on the pump, it is necessary to adjust the pressure difference. A small spring is responsible for this parameter. The optimal value of the difference between the upper and lower threshold pressure is 1.4 atm. If it is necessary to increase the upper limit at which the unit turns off, then the nut on the small spring is turned clockwise. When decreasing - in the opposite direction.

Tuning diagram

What effect does this adjustment have on the equipment? An indicator below the average (1.4 atm.) Will provide a uniform supply of water, but the unit will often turn on and quickly break down. Exceeding the optimal value contributes to a gentle use of the pump, but the water supply will suffer due to noticeable pressure surges. Adjustment of the pressure difference of the pumping station is carried out smoothly and carefully. The impact needs to be verified. The scheme of actions performed when setting the lower pressure level is repeated:

1. All appliances are disconnected from the mains.
2. Water is drained from the system.
3. The pumping equipment is turned on and the result of the adjustment is evaluated. In case of unsatisfactory performance, the procedure is repeated.

When making pressure difference adjustments, there are limitations that must be taken into account:

• Relay parameters. You can not set the upper pressure threshold equal to 80% of maximum indicator devices. Data on the pressure for which the controller is designed is present in the documents. Household models usually withstand up to 5 atm. If it is necessary to raise the pressure in the system above this level, it is worth buying a more powerful relay.
• Pump characteristics. Before choosing an adjustment, you must check the characteristics of the equipment. The unit must turn off at a pressure that is 0.2 atm. below its upper limit. In this case, it will function without overloads.

Features of adjustment "from scratch"

If both relay springs are weakened, the automation of the pumping station is adjusted according to the following algorithm:

1. The unit is turned on to pump water into the system. The pressure level is controlled by observing the jet from a remote faucet. If the pressure is acceptable, then the pressure gauge reading is fixed, and the pump is turned off.
2. Having disconnected the sensor from the network, open the cover and twist the nut of the large spring until the contacts close.
3. The box is closed and the device is connected to the network again. The pump is turned on and left to work until the pressure on the pressure gauge reaches a mark equal to the previous value plus 1.4 atm.
4. The unit and relay are disconnected from power, then tighten the nut on the smaller spring until the contacts open. Lower and upper threshold finished.

Pressure switch with pressure gauge

Using a sensor without a hydraulic accumulator

For some equipment models, the wiring diagram is used well pump with pressure switch without storage tank. A special automatic controller starts and stops the unit when the limit values ​​are reached. The electronic unit has the function of protection against "dry running" and provides safe work systems.

Attention. The disadvantage of such a scheme is the absence of a minimum supply of water, which is provided by a membrane tank.

Electronic pressure switch for surface and submersible pump

Pump stations - great way provide autonomous water supply. They quickly entered our existence and hold their positions well. Household pumping station provides
automatic maintenance required pressure in the water supply system by self-switching on and off as water is consumed. But malfunctions of these stations happen quite often. Some faults are due to the nature of the medium - water and electricity - fast corrosion metal parts. This disease is also submersible pumps, electric boilers and other equipment. If the parts of the station are damaged by corrosion, then they only need to be changed and, if possible, eliminate the cause, for example, check the grounding of the pumping station. Consider typical malfunctions and methods for their elimination

In the beginning, consider the device and principle of operation of a household pumping station.

Symbols in fig. 1-pressure line support, 2-faucet, 3- check valve, 4-pressure switch, 5-water inlet (Silverjet does not have), 6-pressure line, 7-pump, 8- main filter, 9-suction line, 10-hydroaccumulation tank, 11-water, 12-check valve with a mesh, 13-cover closing the nipple, 14-hole for draining water.

The surface centrifugal electric pump consists of from single-phase induction motor and pump section. The electric motor consists of a finned housing, a stator, a rotor, a capacitor box and a closed protective cover fan. To protect the motor from overheating, a thermal relay is built into its stator winding. The pump part consists of a housing, an impeller and a built-in ejector. Pump housing,
depending on the model of the pumping station, it is made of cast iron, glass-polypropylene or of stainless steel. The hydraulic accumulator consists of a steel tank and a replaceable membrane made of food-grade ethylene-propylene
rubber. The hydraulic accumulator has a nipple for pumping air into it under overpressure. The pressure gauge serves to visually control the pressure in the water supply system, and the pressure switch determines the upper and lower pressure levels, upon reaching which the pump turns off and on.
The connection of the pumping station with the power network is carried out by means of a cable with a plug having a grounding contact and a socket with a grounding contact. After installing and turning on the pumping station, water fills the accumulator and the plumbing system. When the water pressure in the system reaches the upper limit of the pressure switch setting, the electric pump turns off. When you open a water tap, at the first moment of time, water is consumed from the accumulator. As the water flows, the pressure in the system drops to the lower limit of the pressure switch setting, after which the electric pump is turned on again. Water enters the consumer and simultaneously fills the accumulator. When the water pressure reaches the upper limit of the pressure switch, the electric pump will turn off again. The cycles of turning the pump on and off are repeated as long as water is being parsed from the system.
For the correct pumping station operation it is necessary to use a non-return valve with a strainer on the suction line coarse cleaning water.

Recommendations for the installation of a pumping station. On the suction line, use plastic pipes a certain hardness metal pipes or vacuum-reinforced hoses (not to be confused with pressure-reinforced) in order to prevent their vacuum compression during suction.
8.1.2. If plastic pipes or hoses are used, avoid bending or twisting.
8.1.3. Seal all pipe connections well (air leakage adversely affects the operation of the pumping station).
8.1.4. For convenience when servicing the pumping station, it is recommended to use quick couplings (for example,
"American").
8.1.5. The suction pipe must have a non-return valve with a mesh at the end (fig. pos.12) when sucking from a well, and also, if small mechanical particles can enter, a main filter in front of the pumping station (fig. pos.8).
8.1.6. The end of the suction pipe must be lowered into the water to a depth of more than 30 cm from the minimum water level. It is also necessary that the distance between the end of the suction pipe and the bottom of the tank is greater than 20 cm.
8.1.7. It is recommended to install a non-return valve (Fig. 1 pos. 3) on the outlet pipe from the pump to prevent water hammer at the moments of turning the pump on / off and a valve (Fig. 1 pos. 2), the setting of which is described in paragraph 12, b. For the Silverjet, provide for the possibility of filling the pump with water, since there is no filler hole.
8.1.8. Fix the pumping station in a fixed position.
8.1.9. Avoid too many bends and taps in the system.
8.1.10. When sucking from a depth of more than 4 meters or if there is a horizontal section longer than 4 meters, use pipes with a larger diameter to improve the performance of the pumping station.
8.1.11. Protect the pumping station from running without water. If there is a risk of running the pumping station without water, contact your dealers for advice.
8.1.12. Ensure that water is drained from all points of the system if it is possible to freeze it in winter. To do this, provide for the presence of drain taps, paying attention to check valves that may be in the system and prevent water from draining.

Fixing the pump
9.1. The pump must be installed on level ground, close to the water source.
9.2. In the room (pit) where the pumping station is located, ventilation must be provided to reduce humidity and air temperature (max. air temperature 40°C).
9.3. Locate the pumping station minimum distances 20 cm from the walls to provide access to the pumping station during its maintenance.
9.4. Use pipes of the correct diameter.
9.5. Mark holes for fastening the pumping station on the surface on which it will be installed. Drill holes for mounting the pump.
9.6. Check that the pipes are not under mechanical stress (bending), then tighten the fastening screws.

Read more about the selection and installation of a pumping station for autonomous water supply to a summer house or a private house.

Pumping station device

1001 Pump housing 1002 Bolt 1003 Bolt 1004 Gasket 1005 Nozzle 1006 Ejector gasket 1007 Diffuser J Ejector 1008 Impeller cover 1009 Locking nut 1011 Impeller 1012 O-ring 1013 mechanical seal

1014 mechanical seal 1015 Front engine cover 1016 Bolt 1017 Motor bearing 1018 Rotor 1019 Pin 1021 Engine housing 1022 Stator 1023 Stator winding 1024 Engine support 1025 Wire 1026 Washer 1027 Rear engine cover

1028 Bolt 1029 Fan 1031 Fan cover 1032 Terminal box cover 1033 Terminal block 1034 Capacitor 1035 Bolt TPT1-24 CL Horizontal membrane expansion tank TPG-P Pressure Gauge TPS2-2 Automatic pressure switch M Membrane TFH50 Threaded Hose 1"(50cm)

The main causes of malfunctions and repair of the pumping station

1. Engine is not runningNo power supply, blown fuse, impeller jammed.

Check Schema electrical connection pumping station. Clean the pump. Turn the fan impeller, if it does not spin, the engine is malfunctioning (jammed). Do not turn on the station until the cause is eliminated.

Check pressure switch contacts. Check capacitor.

Before proceeding with the repair of the pump, it is necessary to drain the remaining water from it and disconnect all connected devices: expansion tank, pressure switch, pressure gauge and others.

A diffuser and a guide are installed in the housing, interconnected.

If the cause of the malfunction of the hydrophore is the breakdown of these parts, then you just need to replace them with new ones and assemble the hydrophore in the reverse order.

If the cause is not in them, then it is necessary to look for a malfunction in another part of the pump.

The back of the pump consists of the electric motor itself, on the shaft of which the impeller is installed - the main mechanism that allows the pump to pump water. The engine is attached to the console, and a special ceramic seal prevents water from leaking through the shaft. After you remove the impeller, you will have access to the stuffing box.

2. The engine is running, the station does not pump water
There is no water in the station pump. Air has entered the suction pipe. The suction or delivery line is clogged. The station is running dry.

Check the position of the water level. Eliminate all leaks in the pipeline. Clean suction pipe. With a long horizontal pipeline, an air pocket may form in the middle of the pipe. It is necessary to fill the entire pipeline with water (possibly under pressure) in order to eliminate airlock. To exclude this, the horizontal section of the pipe should always be with a slight slope towards the water intake. Eliminate the causes of dry running

3. insufficient water supply
Air is trapped (for example, the level in the well has fallen below the intake pipe), the pump or pipelines are clogged. Air in the suction pipe.

Clean pump and pipes. Eliminate leaks. Even a small air leak leads to the inoperability of the station.

Perhaps there is a crack on the parts input structure pipeline (corners, American) as a result of corrosion. Replace damaged fittings.

4. The station turns on and off too often
Membrane expansion tank damaged. Absence compressed air in expansion tank or low pressure. The check valve is open due to blockage by a foreign object.

Replace membrane or expansion tank. Again, due to corrosion, cracks may appear in the tank body. Pump air into the expansion tank and check the pressure with a pressure gauge. Unblock check valve.

5. The station does not create a nominal pressure
Pressure switch set too low. Impeller or supply line blocked. Air entering the suction pipe.

Adjust pressure switch. How to adjust is described below. The inlet of the pressure switch may be clogged - clean it.
Switch off the power, dismantle and clean the pump or supply pipe. Check the tightness of the connections on the suction pipe. Check that there are no bends or
reverse corners.

6. The station works without shutting down
Pressure switch set too high.

Adjust pressure switch.

If you are interested in repairing a pump such as Baby, Aquarius, Brook, Neptune, Chestnut - a detailed description.

Pressure regulation

If the adjustment is incorrect, the pump will not turn on or will work without turning off. Therefore, without urgent need do not change the settings of the pressure switch. The case of "incorrect operation" of the pumping station due to self-incorrect adjustment of the pressure switch is not covered by the warranty! And also the product is removed from the warranty if the components of the pumping station are out of order due to incorrect self-adjustment of pressure. If it is necessary to change the pressure in the plumbing system, change it limit levels can be done by adjusting the pressure switch.

Before changing the switching pressure of the pumping station (lower value of the operating pressure), it is necessary to adjust the air pressure in the accumulator. Before this, it is necessary to disconnect the pumping station from the mains and drain all the water from the accumulator. The air pressure in the accumulator is adjusted through the nipple car pump with pressure gauge or compressor. The air pressure in the accumulator must correspond to 90%..100% of the required switching pressure of the pumping station.

The pressure switch of the pumping station is set to operate the system in the operating pressure range of 1.5 ... 3 atm. To change the pressure on or off the pumping station, remove the cover of the pressure switch by unscrewing the plastic screw and change the tightening force of the corresponding relay springs. Adjustment of the pump activation pressure (lower value of the working pressure) is carried out by turning the nut P. To increase the activation pressure, it must be turned clockwise, to decrease - counterclockwise. Adjustment of the range between the lower and upper values ​​of the working pressure is carried out by turning the nut ΔР. To expand this range, it must be turned clockwise, to narrow it - counterclockwise. Pressure control is carried out on the pressure gauge of the pumping station.
ATTENTION!
When adjusting the pressure switch, the upper value of the operating pressure of the system should not exceed 95% of the maximum possible pressure at the outlet of the pumping station specified in specifications Oh. IN
Otherwise, the electric pump will work without shutting down, which will lead to its early failure.

Also note that hydraulic accumulator pumping station requires periodic maintenance. Water always contains small part dissolved air, and this air gradually reduces the useful volume of the pear (rubber membrane) in the accumulator. On large-capacity accumulators, as a rule, there are special valves for releasing this air, in small accumulators, which are usually equipped with household pumping stations, there are no such valves, and a simple operation must be performed every couple of months to remove air from the membrane.

1. It is necessary to de-energize the pump and drain all the water from the accumulator, it is best of course to provide a special faucet for this, well, or use the tap closest to the accumulator.

2. The procedure from paragraph 1 must be done 2-3 times in a row.

And please do not confuse the hydraulic accumulator and storage capacity for water, these are different devices, the accumulator is designed to reduce the number of pump starts, and as a result, increase its service life, as well as to protect against water hammer, when the electricity is turned off, the accumulator will certainly supply you with water for some time, but I would did not count. In case of a power outage or breakdown of the water supply, a storage tank is needed.

How to set up a pumping station pressure switch.

Hydrophore pressure adjustment

Pressure switch- this component pumping station (hydrophore), ensuring its automatic operation. By closing and opening the relay contacts, it controls the on and off of the pump.

The relay has two characteristics:

• Cut-off pressure (bar) - the "upper" pressure at which the pumping station is turned off. Approximate value 2.5 - 3 bar;
• Switch-on pressure (bar) - the "lower" pressure at which the pumping station is switched on. Approximate value 1.5–1.8 bar.

As a rule, at pumping stations supplied as an assembly, the pressure switch is already optimally configured. However, when assembling the station from separate elements (pump, tank, pressure gauge, etc.), the relay setting is mandatory.

To adjust the pressure, two bolts are provided, which are located under the relay cover.

The “lower” cut-in pressure is adjusted by the large bolt #1. Turn the bolt clockwise to increase the pressure, turn it counterclockwise to decrease it.

The “upper” cut-off pressure is adjusted with a small bolt No. 2. Turn the bolt clockwise to increase the pressure, turn to reverse side we reduce it.

The process of setting the pressure switch at the assembled pumping station consists of two steps:

1) Determining the air pressure in the expansion tank

The air pressure must be determined with an empty tank and the station disconnected from the mains!

A pear-shaped rubber diaphragm is installed in the expansion tank, into which the pump pumps water. between diaphragm and metal case tank is pressurized. To determine the pressure, as well as to pump or bleed air, a special valve(nipple). The air pressure in the tank is measured using a manometer designed to measure the pressure in car wheels. If necessary, air is pumped with a car pump.

For tanks with a volume of 20-25 liters, the air pressure should be 1.4 - 1.7 bar, and 1.7 - 1.9 bar for tanks with a capacity of 50 - 100 liters.

There must always be air in the tank. Its pressure must be checked periodically (once a month) and maintained at the recommended values, which will positively affect the service life of the rubber diaphragm and the comfort of using the pumping station as a whole.

2) Determining and adjusting the switching on and off pressure of the pumping station

After adjusting the air pressure, the pumping station must be connected to the network. The pump will begin to pump water into the tank and turn off when it reaches set pressure. This will be the “upper” pressure and its value will be displayed on the pressure gauge. If this value differs from the recommended value, then adjust it using the relay bolt No. 2 (see Fig.).

Similarly, the "lower" pressure is measured. After opening the tap and starting to drain the water, watch the pressure gauge. The pressure will gradually drop and when the lower limit is reached, the pump will turn on again. The pressure value on the pressure gauge at the moment the pump is turned on will be the “lower” pressure. If necessary, adjust it to the recommended parameters using the relay bolt No. 1 (see figure).

It is important to know that the pump start pressure must be 10% higher than the air pressure in the tank! Failure to do so may result in accelerated wear of the rubber diaphragm.

You can set on the relay and other, different from the recommended, values ​​​​of the on and off pressure, thereby setting the pumping station to your own comfort level. By increasing the difference between "upper" and "lower" pressure, you can extend the life of the pump due to its less frequent inclusions. However, the pressure in the system will be uneven. By reducing the difference between the "upper" and "lower" pressure, the pump will turn on more often, but at the same time the pressure in the system will be constantly even and comfortable.

When setting up the pressure switch, it is also important to remember that the accumulator, plumbing, rubber hoses and the mechanics of the relay itself have their own limit values pressures that should not be exceeded.

Relay electrical connection

Sincerely, Zhlobin online store M arcade".

In a pumping station of any type and size, there is one small but indispensable unit, we are talking about the pressure switch. In addition to installation using the water pressure switch wiring diagram, additional settings must be made. The fact is that this element monitors the state of the hydraulic tank, and also turns on and off the necessary equipment.

In order for the equipment to serve smoothly and for a long time, it is necessary to correctly adjust and install the pressure switch for the pump.

Device description

The device of almost all types of pressure switches that are equipped with pumping stations is approximately the same. The working elements of the pump are fixed on a metal base:

• Membrane,
• Piston,
• Metal platform.
• Electrical contacts.

There is also a large and small spring, all housed in a plastic case.

When a water pressure switch is connected, the process proceeds according to the following principle: the pressure exerted causes the membrane to push the piston, which raises the platform. She, in turn, puts pressure on a large spring and compresses it. The resistance of the large spring to the applied pressure limits the movement of the piston.

There is a small distance between the large and small adjusting spring, but it is quite enough to adjust the operation of the instrument cluster. The platform, which is affected by the membrane under pressure, rises to the edge of the small spring.

As a result of increasing pressure on the platform, its position changes. This leads to switching contacts and changing the mode of operation, therefore, it turns off. The contacts are switched using a special hinge with a spring. After the platform passes the level of the hinge location, the position of the electrical contacts changes accordingly and the power supply circuit opens.

Turning off the pump stops the flow of water. With the flow of water from the accumulator, the pressure on the membrane gradually decreases, and the platform begins to lower. Having fallen below the level of the location of the spring hinge of the electrical contacts, it again causes the contacts to rise and, accordingly, close the circuit.

The pump starts to work, pumps water into the hydraulic tank, and the cycle repeats automatically.

The large and small springs in the mechanism have their own function. The large spring sets the pressure at which the pump is required to turn on, and the small spring determines the difference between the allowable and required pressure. This indicator is very important when adjusting the water pressure switch for the pump.

The need to adjust the water pressure switch for the pump

Setting up the relay yourself or with the involvement of qualified specialists is required in any case when assembling a pumping station from separate parts. It is possible that setting the water pressure switch will be required even if the finished pumping station is purchased from a specialized store.

This is explained by the fact that for each plumbing system characterized by the presence individual features and the needs of the residents are also different. The degree of water pressure in a house with a shower, sink and bathtub is significantly different from a spacious one. country house with jacuzzi and hydromassage. In this case, it is necessary to adjust the water pressure in the water supply system and configure the equipment individually for each case.

When deciding how to connect a water pressure switch, it should be remembered that in addition to the initial setup that is performed during the installation of pumping equipment, during operation it is necessary to monitor and adjust the operation of the equipment.

In addition, in the event of a replacement or repair individual element the pumping station also requires additional adjustment of the water pressure regulator switch. It is worth saying that the process of adjusting equipment is similar to the procedure for setting it up.

Terms used when adjusting a pressure switch

In the process of setting the pressure switch and adjusting the water pump, specific type names can be used that are understandable to a qualified person. As for the average consumer, he may encounter some difficulties. For this reason, you should familiarize yourself with certain concepts so that the setup process goes smoothly.

In particular, we are talking about the following terms:

• Switching pressure. This term is denoted by the index P on, sometimes it can be called upper pressure. Already by the name, it can be determined that it denotes the pressure at which the operation of the pump resumes or begins, and water is supplied to the hydraulic tank. By default, the manufacturer indicates a value of 1.5 bar.
• Shutdown pressure. For designation, the index P off is used and is called the lower pressure. The relay from the manufacturer indicates a value of about 3 bar.
• Pressure drop. This term is used to denote the difference between lower and upper value pressure. In standard models with factory settings, the value of this indicator is approximately 1.5 bar.
• Maximum shut-off pressure. The name of this term already indicates the maximum allowable pressure in the pumping system and water supply. Deviation to a large side can cause damage to the plumbing system and pumping equipment. By default, the manufacturer indicates a value of not more than 5 bar.

Pressure in the accumulator

Knowledge of the hydraulic accumulator device allows you to avoid serious mistakes at independent decision tasks, how to set up a water pressure switch.

Hydraulic tanks are divided into two types: one is equipped with a pear-shaped rubber insert, the other is equipped with a rubber membrane. In both cases, this element is designed to divide the container into two non-communicating parts. Most often, one part is filled with water, the other compartment is filled with air.

The principle of operation in both cases is the same: the water entering the hydraulic tank exerts pressure on the rubber insert, which ensures the movement of water in the water supply system. For this reason, a certain pressure must always be present in the accumulator. Its value may vary depending on the volume of water and air in the chambers.

The tank body is in most cases equipped with a car nipple through which air can be pumped in or bled off in the process of adjusting the working pressure inside the hydraulic tank.

Before connecting the minimum water pressure switch to the pump, the current pressure in the hydraulic tank is measured. The manufacturer sets the value of this indicator to 1.5 bar, however, during use a certain amount of air escapes from the tank, resulting in a decrease in pressure.

To measure the pressure in the hydraulic tank, a conventional automobile pressure gauge is used. In this case, it is recommended to take a device on the scale of which the minimum gradation step is set. In this case, more accurate measurement results can be obtained, up to 0.1 bar. By the way, the pressure gauge that comes with pumping equipment, must also match this parameter.

If the manufacturer has equipped the pump with an inexpensive device, then during installation it is better to replace the pressure gauge with a better and more reliable device.

As for automobile pressure gauges, many consumers are not satisfied with them appearance. Although it is worth noting that they will help to accurately determine the pressure in the tank. If there is a desire to purchase an electronic measuring device, then it is better to opt for a more expensive option from a trusted manufacturer. In this case, a simple plastic model does not guarantee accurate data and may fail at any, even the most inopportune, moment.

It is very important to remember that electronic pressure gauges are powered by the mains, so you should control the situation in this case.

The measurement of pressure in the hydraulic tank is carried out according to a rather simple scheme: a pressure gauge is attached to the nipple on the tank and the readings are measured. If the obtained values ​​​​are in the range from 1 to 1.5, then this pressure can be considered normal.

With more high rates a good pressure in the system is provided, however, the water supply is reduced. The system must not be allowed to operate at too high a pressure, which forces all parts of the equipment to work under load. The result of such actions is the rapid wear of the parts of the unit. For support high pressure the system requires constant replenishment of the water supply in the hydraulic tank, therefore, the load on the pump increases and the consumption of electricity increases.

Another disadvantage of constant high pressure can be called an increase in the number of breakdowns. If the pressure is too high or too low, the first thing to suffer is rubber gasket. Only correct adjustment pressure in the water supply system of a private house will increase the service life of the units and the system as a whole.

Customization Rules

Under the cover on the body of the device there are two springs with a large and small nut. By turning these springs, the following parameters can be set:

• Adjustment via a large spring allows you to set the lower pressure in the accumulator.
• Using a small spring, set the difference between the on and off pressure.

Before you start setting up the pressure switch, you need to understand how the pressure switch works, carefully study the attached technical documentation of the device itself and the pumping station, including the hydraulic tank and other elements.

The water pressure switch instruction contains information on the operating and limiting indicators of the equipment used. These data must be taken into account during the adjustment process, since their excess will lead to rapid wear of the device. If, during the adjustment of the pressure switch, individual parameters reach maximum values, then you must manually turn off the pump and complete the adjustment in the usual mode. It is worth noting that such situations are rare, since surface pumps do not have the power that can cause a pressure surge in the system.

The question of how to adjust the water pressure sensor should be decided when the accumulator is empty, otherwise the water and air pressure parameters in the tank will be taken into account at the same time.

The pressure switch is adjusted according to the following scheme:

• Set the working pressure in the hydraulic tank.
• Turn on the pump.
• Water is supplied to the container until the values ​​of the lower pressure are reached.
• Turn off the pump.
• Turn the small nut until the pump starts to run.
• Waiting for the tank to fill with water and turn off the pump.
• Open the water.
• Start rotating the large spring to set the cut-in pressure.
• Turn on the pump.
• Fill the container with water.
• Adjust the position of the small adjustment spring.

To correctly determine the direction of rotation of the spring when setting the water pressure regulator, you need to pay attention to the plus and minus signs located next to it. Turn the spring clockwise to increase the cut-in pressure, counter-clockwise to decrease it.

Rotate the adjusting springs to adjust the water pressure switch in the water supply system very carefully, smoothly turning a quarter or half a turn, as these elements are highly sensitive. After switching on again, the pressure gauge should show the lower pressure.

When deciding how to adjust the pressure switch, it is important to consider a few key points:

• If, when filling the hydraulic tank, the pressure gauge does not change, it means that the pressure has reached the limit parameters. In this case, immediately turn off the pump.
• The normal value of the difference between the upper and lower pressure should be approximately 1-2 atm.
• In case of deviation from the normal values ​​up or down, the adjustment should be repeated, taking into account possible errors.
• Optimal value the difference between the set lower pressure and the one determined at the beginning in an empty container should not deviate from 0.1-0.3 atm.
• The air pressure in the tank should not fall below 0.8 atm.

It is possible that the system will automatically turn on and off at other set indicators. However, these parameters allow minimizing equipment wear.

Each owner of a pumping station wants the equipment to function normally for a long time. For this purpose, a study of the principle of operation of the pressure switch and regular monitoring of each element is required. In particular, experts recommend measuring the pressure in the accumulator once every three months. Regular monitoring and adjustment allow you to stabilize the operation of the entire pumping station. In addition, in the process of monitoring, it is possible to identify shortcomings and sudden breakdowns of equipment that require prompt elimination.

Monitoring the state of the system in most cases consists in regularly recording the readings of the water pressure gauge when the pump is turned on and off. The operation of the equipment is considered normal at the values ​​​​that were set during the setting of the pressure switch.

If the measurements show deviations in any direction, it is necessary to measure the pressure in the hydraulic tank and re-adjust the pressure switch. In some situations, it is only necessary to supply additional air to the container, and the indicators are normalized.

When measuring pressure, do not forget about the error in the accuracy of the pressure gauge readings. The fact is that friction can occur between the moving parts of the device, which to some extent affects the performance. To obtain more accurate measurement results, the friction parts of the measuring device can be lubricated before starting the process.

The disadvantage of any mechanism can be called its wear during operation. The pressure switch in this case is no exception. For this reason, when choosing equipment, preference should be given to more durable products. Moreover, it should be understood that fine tuning water pump and pressure switch also allows you to extend the operating period of the equipment. It also needs to be made clear that permanent job at the maximum allowable values ​​of the upper pressure, it negatively affects the durability of the relay.

According to qualified craftsmen, a small margin of pressure left during the tuning process minimizes wear on all parts of the equipment. If it is necessary to set the upper pressure at a high level, it is recommended to choose a pressure switch with a higher allowable working rate. For example, for a system with an upper pressure of 5 atmospheres, a relay is suitable, which has an extremely allowed values work is 6 atmospheres. Of course, the search for such equipment will become somewhat more complicated, but its acquisition is quite realistic.

Very often, the cause of serious damage to the water pressure regulator for the pump is dirty water that flows through the pipes of the plumbing system. In most cases, this situation occurs with old metal water systems.

Before installing the pumping station, it is recommended to thoroughly clean the water supply. In extreme cases, it may be necessary complete replacement old metal elements systems with more modern plastic structures.

When setting up the relay, you should pay attention to the adjusting springs, which also require careful handling. Strong compression of the springs when adjusting the relay can cause errors in the operation of the device. In addition, the life of the spring in this case is significantly reduced, and damage to the pressure switch after a short time of use is not ruled out.

When checking the operation of the pumping station, it is important to pay attention to the water pressure switch sensor: if the shutdown pressure is constantly increasing, then the device may become clogged. This situation requires immediate replacement.

For this purpose, perform the following steps:

• Unscrew the mounting bolts on the relay housing.
• Remove the membrane unit.
• Rinse the inside and all small holes.

In some situations, disassembly of the device is not required, it is enough to clean the holes by simply removing the pressure switch. If blockages are found, the entire pumping station can also be purged.

If water leaks from the pressure switch housing for the well are noticed, then it can be assumed that contamination has damaged the membrane. Such a device must be completely replaced.

Setting the pressure switch cannot be called a simple event, it requires care and caution. Having studied the device of the pressure switch, the principle of its operation and the features of adjustment, you can independently cope with the task.

is the central element in the water pump. It is on its correct functioning that the efficiency of the entire system depends. This important element performs several tasks at once. First of all, it regulates the water supply. The feed parameters are set before use and are changed as necessary during operation. Proper adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pump ensures safe and high-quality operation of the entire water supply system. ABOUT correct setting and the nuances of choice and installation, we will talk in this review.

Read in the article:

Choosing the right water pressure switch wiring diagram for the pump

To begin with, it is worth understanding what the plumbing system consists of:

• its first part is the water intake point. She may be water pipe, or well;
• pressure switch;
• water purification system. Usually it consists of several containers;
• faucet, for which provide a comfortable pressure of water.

First of all, it is worth understanding what pressure the residents of the house need. It is also important to know the water pressure at the point of water intake. This item is important because at a pressure below 1.4 atm, water is not taken in due to the disconnected relay. Such problems can also arise in the case of using a city water supply, because in it the water pressure is not always more than 1.0 atm. When taking water from a well, these difficulties will not be, and the pressure of the water supply will depend only on the technical characteristics of the pump.

It can be seen that each relay has its own setting option, it is usually described in detail in the instructions for a specific device model. All types of relays have general purpose and mechanism of action.

Manufacturer's choice

Present on the market a large number of different models appliances. They differ in price, appearance and have slightly different characteristics.

Image	Manufacturer and model	Characteristics	Cost, rub.
		Pressure range 1.0 - 4.5 atm. Voltage 220 - 230 V, 50 Hz Maximum rated power NO 2	900
	Pressure switch PM 1 15, Grundfos	Working temperature from 0° to 40° The pump starts at 1.5 bar and runs as long as there is a flow. Dry run protection	5 655
	Pressure switch RM/5(p)1/4, UNIPUMP	Mains voltage - 230 V, 50 Hz. The maximum switched current - 12A. Working pressure - 5 bar Power - 1500 W.	467
	Pressure switch RA 5 1-5 bar, WATTS	Pressures from 1 to 5 bar. Pressure drop 0.5 – 2.5 bar. Current strength 16 A. Maximum temperature Coolant 90° Indoor 55°	997

Installation and connection

Connection of any mechanism begins with preparatory phase. First you have to choose the location of the relay. According to knowledgeable people, the installation of the device should be carried out directly near the pump outlet. In this place, turbulence and pressure difference are remarkably leveled. Before choosing a place, it is imperative that you familiarize yourself with the operating conditions of the selected device, because some of them can only be used in heated rooms.

next step preparation will be the selection of the necessary pressure thresholds:

1. Minimum - determines at what pressure the pump starts to work.
2. Maximum - controls the moment when the pumps stop working.
3. The difference between these two values ​​is called the pressure range. This indicator is directly proportional to the frequency of switching on the pumps.

Important! It should be noted that the minimum pressure value should be 0.2 atm higher than the pressure of the pump accumulator chamber.

The third moment of preparation is the registration of parameters. On the household appliance this process will not cause difficulties, as it is adjusted using a pair of springs, which in turn are regulated by threaded adjusters. The relay has two springs:

• a large spring is used to control upper limit pressure;
• small - determines the difference in pressure.

During preparation, several more devices are installed: shut-off valve, valves (return and breakdown), and sewage drain. Installation should be carried out by professionals or people who at least have an idea of ​​​​the principle of operation and the rules for installing such devices. Installation (and then the adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pump) must be carried out exactly as written in the instructions:

1. First, a tee is mounted on the selected place on the pipe, to which a drain valve or fitting connected to the water pressure switch is connected.
2. During installation, a threaded connection is used, which should be sealed with a high-quality FUM tape.
3. There are devices that cannot be installed in the usual way. They are equipped only with a rigidly fixed nut. During installation, the relay is rotated directly.
4. Electricity is connected with a cable. Its cross section must match the requirements of the device, depending on the power.
5. The kit sometimes includes a ground terminal. If available, a ground cable must be installed.

Is it worth considering electronic counterparts?

Mechanical devices, of course, are more popular, but electronic models have some undeniable advantages:

1. The constant adjustment of the pressure switch for the pump by tightening the springs is a thing of the past. The electronic version does not need to be configured for a long time after installation.
2. Installing it will be very easy. Any person without special education and special skills can cope with this task.
3. The service life practically does not differ from the usual mechanics.

Prices on electronic relays water pressure for the pump can be from two to four thousand rubles. It depends on the manufacturer, the materials used in the manufacture and on the store involved in the sale. If you spend some time searching desired device- you can buy a quality unit for a fair price. In case of purchase for long service life- saving on it is not the best option.

“It would be much more correct to spend money on a slightly better model than constantly changing cheap devices that break down.”

How to set up a pumping station pressure switch

The owners of private houses understand that if the relay malfunctions, the entire system may fail. From competent adjustment of the water pressure switch household station for the supply of water depends on the stability of the entire system, and hence the comfort of all residents of the house.

Setting up the relay should begin with checking the factory-set indicators. Usually, the minimum pressure level is 1.5 atm, and the maximum is 2.5 atm. The check is carried out using a manometer. At this point, it is necessary to turn off the pump and ensure that the tank is empty. To measure pressure, a manometer is attached to an empty tank and readings are taken from it.

“This check can be avoided by buying a ready-made unit. But when purchasing all the components separately, it will be necessary to carry out the first adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pumping station.”

Procedure for adjusting the water pressure switch for the pump

Like any other, this device allows you to supply water to your home plumbing with the same pressure. This device works after reaching the pressure indicator provided for by the setting. At the factory, of course, the main indicators are set, but most often they are not enough to provide comfortable pressure, so after the purchase you will have to set your own parameters. Specialists, of course, will do everything efficiently and well, but sometimes it’s better to figure out an important issue on your own.

Adjustment of the RDM-5 pressure switch: brief instructions

To properly adjust the water pressure switch for the pump, follow a simple algorithm:

1. Fill the tank with water until the required maximum value appears on the pressure gauge.
2. Disable for a while.
3. Open the case and get access to the adjustment springs. You will have to carefully rotate the small nut. At some point, the mechanism will work. Turning counterclockwise decreases the pressure level. Clockwise rotation increases.
4. The lower limit is set by opening the tap and slowly draining the water from the tank.
5. At the desired pressure gauge, the process is stopped.
6. A large nut is involved in adjusting the lower parameters. When it rotates, you will also have to wait for the contacts to work.

This action should be done once a month, but this is ideal. It is advisable to conduct it at least once a quarter. A small difference between the pressure limits obliges the pumping station to operate with a high frequency of turning the pumps on and off. This mode of operation allows you to ensure an uninterrupted supply of water to the tap and at the same time its pressure always remains approximately at the same level, but this will affect the durability of the work. Large range creates some drops in water pressure, but the pumping station is subjected to less stress due to constant switching on and off and, accordingly, will not require repair or replacement for a long time.

Important! It should be noted that the difference between the minimum and maximum pressure must be greater than one atmosphere.