In order for swimming in the pool to bring pleasure and be healthy, the water temperature in it must meet certain standards. Too cold water will not allow you to relax and get a pleasant feeling from swimming, and too warm water, especially when the pool is indoors, will create the effect of a steam room, forming condensate on the walls and ceiling of the room. Therefore, the temperature of the water in the pool is important, and should be optimal.

Temperature norms

Under favorable microclimate conditions in the room where the pool is located, a person feels comfortable if all the components of the room have the optimum temperature - walls, air and floor, humidity. And besides, the ventilation system works correctly and efficiently. This also applies to water, the temperature in the pool of which should be optimal.

An incorrect balance of climatic indicators can have a negative impact on human health:

• Hypothermia and high humidity in combination can contribute to the fact that immunity decreases, and this will lead to hypothermia and, as a result, colds;
• Too cold water can also cause cramps;
• Overheating can contribute to the disruption of heat exchange processes, it becomes especially dangerous when such factors as high temperature and high air humidity are combined;
• With high humidity, there may be a lack of oxygen.

Attention! Comfortable is the temperature of the water in the pool, which is less than the air temperature by no more than three degrees.

Depending on the type of reservoir, the norm of water temperature in the pool also varies and is for different types:

Interesting! The pools located in the bath complexes stand apart, and the water temperature in them can be from 15 to 35 °, depending on the need.

Having your own pool on private property is now a common thing, and its purpose is entertainment and relaxation, and not sports or treatment. In adult reservoirs of a private type, the recommended water temperature is about 25-28 °, for children's pools, its value should be 2-3 ° higher.

Attention! You can change the temperature of the water in the pool with your own hands, if necessary in each case.

As a rule, for open reservoirs, the optimal temperature parameter is 21-25 °, which is both easy to maintain and easy to provide if this requires heating the water in the pool.

Heating methods

In most cases, for comfortable bathing, the water is heated. This can be done both in artisanal ways and with the help of tools and substances offered by various manufacturers.

electric heater

The principle of using such a unit is that, passing through a tubular-type electric heater (TEN), heat from a dielectric heated by electricity is transferred to water.

How to connect an electric heater to the pool is shown in the video:

The installation of such a unit is not difficult. The mini-pump is connected to the hole through which water enters the heating element, and returns to the pool already heated. According to the principle of operation, it resembles a conventional boiler, which is installed in houses and apartments. The advantages of such a unit include:

• Low cost;
• Ease of connection and operation;
• Rapid heating of small volumes.

This method also has some disadvantages:

• High electricity consumption;
• Cannot be used for volumes over 300 m 3 .

heat exchanger

If the house has a source of hot water supply, then you can safely use a heat exchanger for the pool for heating. The principle of operation of such a device is the exchange of water from various sources of heat.

The heating technology is quite simple - it occurs due to the passage of water through a spiral, which is located inside the heat exchanger housing. The incoming boiling water from the house's water supply system quickly heats the water coming from the pool.

The installation of such a unit is carried out in a circuit between the pump and the pool, and if the pool has a large volume, then two heat exchangers should be used.

The advantages of heating water in this way:

• Independence from power sources;
• Possibility of use for pools with a large displacement.

There are also disadvantages - there may be difficulties in setting up a heating boiler that supplies hot water to the house system.

Heat pump

Depending on the design, a heat pump can use water, air or soil for heating.

The principle of operation of such a device is shown in the video:

The main advantages of using a heat pump for heating the pool include:

• Ability to heat a large volume of water;
• Low energy consumption;
• Versatility.

The disadvantages of such installations include the still high cost of equipment, as well as the ability to obtain heat from sources only at the required temperature regime.

solar collector

This device uses solar energy for heating and works on the principle of a solar battery. Water enters the collector tubes with the help of a pump, and when it reaches the required temperature, it flows back into the tank. And a new portion enters the hoses. Among the advantages of using such units are:

• Loyal value;
• Easy to install and operate;

But one of the main disadvantages of such a unit is its suitability only in sunny weather.

Budget ways

Among the simple and affordable options for how to heat water in a pool in a country house, there are ways with virtually no cost. One of these is the use of a kettle or boiler to heat water.

It is advisable to use this method when the volumes of heated water are not too large, for example, this option is the most suitable for a children's pool.

thermal blanket

It is a special coating that stretches over the surface of the water, providing a delay in solar heat, without repelling it. With the help of such a device, the water temperature on a sunny day can increase by 4-5 degrees in a couple of hours.

Attention! For uniform heating, using such a blanket, you should turn on the pump, which will ensure mixing of the upper and lower layers.

Ease of operation and low price makes this method quite popular, and also helps to prevent dust and debris from entering the pool. But other methods of heating are often combined with it.

wood heating

A wood-burning water heater for a pool is relevant in the country, where you can use firewood for this. The principle of its operation is similar to the operation of a heat pump, but the water is heated by fire, and, reaching a certain temperature, returns to the pool.

The advantages of such heating include:

• Low cost of both the unit itself and consumables;
• Economical operation;
• Easy installation.

Using this method without firewood will not work, which can be attributed to its disadvantages.

Conclusion

The correct water temperature in an artificial pond is the key to a comfortable stay. Depending on what means and devices the owner has, it will not be difficult in most cases to provide heating to the required temperature.

In this article we will touch on the problem of heating water. It happens that there is a task to heat water. This task most often occurs in hotels, recreation centers, i.e. where you need to provide a large number of people with hot water.

How can water be heated?

There are many ways to prepare hot water:
With heat pump
With a gas boiler
With a diesel boiler
With a solid fuel boiler
Using an electric boiler or heating elements
With solar collector or panels

And so on, we will not list everything, otherwise the article will turn out to be too long. We have listed the main methods. Everything seems simple: you have network gas, and you need to heat several indirect heating boilers. To do this, it is enough to connect the gas boiler and boilers with a pipeline. They called a plumber, bought pipes and fittings, the plumber put everything together - and voila! ... the boilers do not even have time to heat up to 50 ° C.

What is the reason?

The thing is that your boiler is simply not suitable for heating such an amount of water in terms of power. And most likely, you simply did not calculate the power sufficient to heat the water.

How to calculate the required power for heating water?

This is not a very difficult task, and you can calculate the power needed to heat water yourself. Arm yourself with a calculator, and paper, a pen. To heat one liter of water, one degree Celsius requires a thermal power of 1.16 watts.

For example, you have a 500 liter water tank and you need to heat water in it from 20°C to 80°C. We believe that 80°С - 20°С = 60°С is our delta. 500 l. * 60°C * 1.16 W = 34,800 Wh or 34.8 kWh. This is the required power to heat 500 liters from 20°C to 80°C in one hour.

And if you have a gas boiler installed, with a capacity of 25 kW / h, then naturally it will not be able to heat 500 liters. water up to 80°C in one hour. Therefore, with insufficient initial power, these powers are compensated only by the heating time. What entails an increase in the boiler volume. In addition, you need to understand that heat losses still occur in the system. Therefore, these figures are approximate.

It is worth noting that the consumption of hot water is directly related to the number of people who use it. According to SNiP for hotels, with a shower in each room, the water consumption per person will be 140 liters per day. According to our data, the actual consumption of hot water in hotels is 50 liters per day, per person.

Heating water with a solar collector.

Let's calculate how to heat water with the sun. Imagine that there is a hotel in which the water needs to be heated by solar energy. This hotel has 40 triple rooms and 20 double rooms. We want to organize the heating of hot water with solar energy.

We consider the maximum occupancy of the hotel: (40 * 3) + (20 * 2) = 160 people will live in this hotel. They need 160 people. * 50 liters = 8,000 liters of hot water per day. In hotels, as a rule, there are two peaks of water intake, this is in the morning (from 8.00 to 10.00) and in the evening (from 17.00 to 20.00). This means that we need to provide at least 3,000 liters of hot water for morning water intake, and at least 5,000 liters of water for evening water intake, since evening water intake is usually larger.

It should be noted that by the term "hot water" we mean water with a temperature of 60°C. In order not to install storage boilers with a volume of 5,000 liters, you can heat the water up to 80 ° C. This will reduce the capacitive volume to 3,500 litres.
We consider the required power: 6,500 liters * 60 ° C * 1.16 W, we get 452.4 kW / h, we need to spend to heat this amount of water.

How many solar collectors do you need?

Now we consider how many solar collectors we need. The roof of our hotel faces south, so we believe that solar vacuum collectors will operate at full capacity.
Power of one vacuum tube with 24mm. capacitor is conditionally equal to 65 W / h. Solar collectors will work 10 hours a day, from 9.00 to 19.00 (ideal). Under such conditions, one tube will produce 650 W / h in one day. We divide 452.4 kWh by 0.65 kWh (650 Wh) and we get 696 tubes. These are 23 solar collectors of 30 tubes, or 35 collectors of 20 tubes.

And how many collectors with 14 mm are needed. capacitor? One tube of such a collector produces about 50 W / h at the peak, or 500 W / h in ten hours. We divide 452.4 kWh by 0.5 kWh (500 Wh) and we get 905 tubes. These are 30 solar collectors of 30 tubes or 45 solar collectors of 20 tubes.

We carried out all these calculations in ideal conditions, with excellent sunny weather, did not take into account the consumption of water during heating, if you need more accurate calculations, please contact us. We will calculate, supply the equipment and mount you an excellent and, most importantly, working solar system.

10 ways to shower without hot water

Summer in Russia is not summer without planned shutdowns of hot water. The housing department says that it is simply necessary to wash with cold water three weeks a year. You itch, and at this time they carry out prophylaxis in the boiler room.

And here you don’t have to itch - Pics will tell you ten ways to live this time without conflicts with hygiene.

The most obvious way

The easiest and most obvious way to wash your body in the absence of hot water is to heat it in a large pot or bucket. There seems to be nothing to explain here. You heat the water harder, and then dilute it in another container to get more. You sit in the bathroom and carefully water yourself with a large mug or ladle. Lathered, washed off. Lathered, washed off. The method is quite effective, but for some reason it evokes terrible melancholy and decay.

Technical progress

Until your electricity is also turned off, you can heat water with an electric kettle. This is much faster than waiting for a large pot to boil on the stove. Of course, one teapot is not enough. You have to set it up a few times. While you wash your head with one portion, the second one is ready for the body. If you don’t have a Bruce Willis haircut, then the same amount of water, or even more, will go on your head than on the rest of your body.

For the desperate

Do you remember what a boiler is? Yes, this is the thing that sometimes shocks. But, if it is serviceable, then there is no danger, of course. The key is to triple check. There are large, powerful boilers that our ancestors used to boil water in buckets. You lower such a device into a filled bath and wait until the water is heated to the desired temperature. After that, you climb into it and rinse. We recommend pouring rinse water into a saucepan or bucket in advance. Otherwise, there will be no great sense from such washing.

Life hack for those with long hair To save water when washing long hair, wash the hair at the roots and, in fact, the head itself with warm water, and wash the rest of the length of the hair under the tap. Hair does not care about the cold, it's only the skull freezes.

Like an astronaut

Have you ever wondered how astronauts wash in orbit? The answer is simple, they are not washable. They just haven't figured out how to do it in zero gravity yet. They are wiped with special wet wipes. In one pack - for soaping, in the second - for wiping. You can also do the same. A pack of wet wipes is enough for the whole body. Or wet a towel with warm water (you can take it in a kettle) and wipe yourself as much as you like.

Like an athlete

Have you been to a fitness club or pool for a long time? Summer is the perfect time to get in shape. Moreover, in such establishments there is always a shower. Hooray! You can put yourself in order in every sense of the word. Continuing the logical series, you can go to visit your parents or friends. Don't forget to casually check with them about hot water at the tap. If people are good, they will not refuse to wash.

emergency rescue

Turned off the water as always unexpectedly. So, it's time to take emergency action. Go to the hardware store and buy a flow heater. This is such a thing that is put on a crane and connected to the network. You turn on the water, then the heater and enjoy a thin stream of warm water. It will not work to wash with pleasure under such a jet, but, nevertheless, on lack of fish and cancer is a fish. If you know that turning off the water cannot be avoided in the summer, then install a large flow heater in advance. This is such a tank for 40-80 liters. It is usually hung in the bathroom or carefully embedded in the shaft with pipes in the toilet. Excellent thing! With it, you can safely wash in the normal mode, without looking at the time and without fear that you will have to rinse under cold water.

For the desperate

There is something called dry shampoo. It is a spray to be sprayed on dirty hair. Then you massage your head and smear it all through your hair. Then carefully comb your hair with a fine comb. In theory, now they should look better. "Dry shampoo" exfoliates fat from the hair, and loose scales from the scalp. In fact, the cleaner the head is before starting the “wash”, the better the result will be, because this remedy works so-so.

For inventive

Do you have a washing machine at home? So, with its help you can not only wash clothes, but also successfully heat water. You choose the fastest mode with boiling, but do not throw laundry and powder. You direct the drain into a pre-plugged bath. The machine draws water, heats it up, simulates washing and pours it into the bath. That's what it means, people's ingenuity. What to do with water in the bath, we have already said. And don't worry about its quality. It will be as clean as a faucet.

The escape

If you are disgusted by all these schemes for obtaining hot water in your apartment, then you can simply go on vacation for the duration of the shutdown. Find out at the housing office in advance when they are planning Operation Dirty Harry and get yourself tickets for this time. Go to the place where all the amenities and rest from the daily hustle and bustle will be waiting for you. Relax and wash at the same time.

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To wash dishes, clean the apartment, take a shower or bath, you need hot water. Previously, it was heated on fire, now - with boilers, gas water heaters ... And someone has a central hot water supply. Its cost is rising, despite the Soviet legacy - planned shutdowns. How to forget about interruptions? Are there public ways to save money? What devices should be used and where? To find answers to these and other questions, we have collected the opinions of ordinary people and experts.

Water heaters. For or against?

Elena Knyazeva I installed a boiler 12 years ago, when warm water disappeared for one and a half to two months every six months. Now she recalls with irony how, straining herself, she carried huge pots to the kitchen - twice a day she had to heat 20-30 liters of water on the stove. This was barely enough for two with a son. Now, as soon as the central supply is turned off, the heater saves.

Elena Knyazeva teacher

“During this time, it has never broken down,” says Lena. We didn't even clean it. And it's easy to deal with. Even I, who do not understand anything about buttons and faucets, figured it out. Of course, you won’t get a bath. But thirty liters is enough to take a shower without problems. Opened. Soaped up. Closed. Still left to wash the dishes.

But hot water must be diluted: in the morning and afternoon, boiling water flows from the tap, and in the evening - a barely warm stream. People are returning from work. Washing, cooking, cleaning. Pressure and temperature drop. And on the boiler I set the desired level of heating and that's it.

According to Elena, the boiler "eats" about 40-50 kilowatts per month. Despite these costs, she will never return to her previous conditions:

Yes, it might be more expensive. Or maybe not. I didn't count on purpose. In any case, I do not have a headache, how to wash. And it is still unknown how much hot water would flow through the meter.

A floor below Elena, a family of two adults and three children completely abandoned the central hot water supply. The needs are provided by a 100-liter boiler. The head of the family, Gennady, is convinced that they have chosen a win-win option.

Gennady family man

“It's better anyway. In winter, the water may be warm, not hot. At some point, they thought to put a meter in order to track the temperature. But what's the point - the water from it does not heat up. Babies need to be bathed. We used to take half a bath of cold water, add boiling water. The gas meter rolled up gigantic numbers. The problem with the boiler is gone. They just started making sure not to spend too much.”

Storage water heaters for 30, 50, 100 liters.

Expert opinion

Experts say: heaters are incredibly hardy. Yes, you need to look after, like any household appliances. But without fanaticism. Here's what the sales assistant of the hardware store says Igor Burtsev:

Igor Burtsev shop assistant

“You see, there is nothing to break in a modern boiler. Here you showed me the model that Elena put more than ten years ago. Yes, he worked for a long time. And hopefully it will last just as long. But the model is equipped with the so-called wet heating element (tubular electric heater). Wet heating element is an outdated technology. Now models with a dry heating element are in demand: it heats up much faster, spends less energy, is installed under a tank of water, heats the metal, which gives off heat to the water. If the device is in a dry place where rust, oxidation of contacts are excluded, its life will last decades.

And what do practitioners say who also installed a water heater at home?

Yuri Granin business plumber

“A 50-liter boiler is the best option,” emphasizes Yury Granin, a private plumber. “Heats up quickly - in 45 minutes. Outdated models took an hour and a half to do this. In addition, I had to drain all the water, wait for the next batch (water did not accumulate). And in this case, the heating is constant. Consumes two kilowatts per hour. Here you already have a decent savings. The family has enough water for three days. According to my judgment. There are four of us: me, my wife, two sons. One is eight years old, the other one and a half months.

So, 50 liters brought to 90 degrees is 120-130 liters of warm water (if diluted). For a shower you need 10-15 liters per person per day. Wash dishes - another 10-15 liters. Total - somewhere around 50-60 liters. It's about two and a half days. And in just two kilowatts. And the boiler is good because it brings the water to the desired temperature. And it's up to you to decide which is better - to mix cold or set the temperature on the heater.

Are there any other options?

The people with whom we spoke unanimously praised the boilers. We even began to doubt: maybe they were persuaded by marketers? In search of an alternative opinion, we turned to Oleg Kozlov, plumber with 15 years of experience. During his life, he installed hundreds of various devices for heating water.

Oleg, we came across fans of boilers every now and then. Like, they don’t break, and they consume little. We don't want to use anything else. Even from the riser with hot water cut off. Satisfied. Let's leave out the boilers. Tell me, what other heaters exist? Do they have any advantages?

You can't leave the boiler outside the brackets (laughs). It is important to understand what you want to achieve. Saving is not important, the main thing is that the water is warm? This is one question. Need extra heating? Another question. There is, for example, a flow heater. Small box. Passes little water. Enough to wash the dishes. 5-7 kilowatts per hour "winds". It turns out expensive. It is good where the boiler does not fit or where gas is not placed under the column: in cafes, canteens, enclosed spaces. I installed it at work. Because it is compact (you can’t really turn around in the office). And the water is turned off in the summer. And you need to wash.

One of the instantaneous water heater options

- What about the gas column?

Again, are we talking about savings or convenience? The speaker is a great device. Heats up quickly. If done well, it can last ten or fifteen years. And maybe more. Masters should be called from time to time to clean it. And so...

Common models of gas water heaters pass 9, 11, 13 liters per minute. To wash dishes, 3-5 liters per minute is enough

If you have a gas meter, like to take a hot bath two or three times a week for two hours, forget about saving. Count hoo how much. By the way, we have oxygen mixed into the gas (a sure sign is an orange flame). This means that the energy calorie content is less. It takes longer to heat up.

- Is a mixed option possible? Here is my column, for example. Can I install a boiler? It makes sense?

You can, of course. This, I would say, is an ideal option in our conditions, when it is not known what will happen to the tariffs. Times change, prices change. Take advantage of what's available today.

What is the result?

So, let's sum up. If you want to save money, definitely the best option is to install a boiler. Its displacement is easy to calculate. A family of three consumes about 50–60 liters per day. Water heated to 90 degrees is enough for two to three days, since it can be diluted.

If you already have a gas water heater or a central hot water supply, you can still install a water heater. When a planned shutdown occurs or gas suddenly rises in price at times, you will already have an alternative option in stock.

And finally hint from plumber Oleg Kozlov: install aerators on taps. They spray a jet, increase pressure - it takes many times less water to wash dishes and wash.

Faucet aerators

More savings tips from the experts...

Russia is the world leader in rising electricity prices. For ten years (from 2002 to 2012), tariffs for the population have risen almost four times. We decided to find out which lamps are in demand, consume less electricity, last longer and are not too expensive. Experts in the field of lighting helped to understand the topic - builder Anton Demin and ....

Hot water supply has become commonplace in the homes of urban residents. However, its shutdown - emergency or for the purpose of preventive maintenance - can seriously disrupt the usual life. The question of buying a water heater becomes especially acute in families with small children and elderly family members. For the first, bathing “from the ladle” can threaten with colds, and for the second it is difficult to carry buckets of water from the stove to the bathroom.

Types of water heaters

Those who are not used to dealing with water heaters have concerns:

• if the heaters are gas, will there be a situation that when the pressure of hot water drops, the burner will go out, and the gas supply will continue? Or another option: when the pressure drops, the intensity of the burner will remain at the same level and the column will “boil”;
• and electric water heaters scare the final electricity bill? Is there any protection to save the family budget;

All these fears have long since lost their basis. Now electric or gas type water heaters are equipped with automated control systems in case of a sharp drop in water supply pressure, as well as thermostats that, regardless of the supply volume, will maintain the set temperature.

Consider the difference between storage and instantaneous water heaters, and which type should be preferred. Is it better to have a constant flow of hot water in the tap, or a limited one? Someone will say "wrap both" and purchase a combined type of water heater. How will they differ:

• flow-type or direct-flow units - they heat the moving fluid and are mounted directly into the water supply system;
• storage water heaters first provide the necessary supply of water, after which heating occurs;
• flow-accumulative type units are a combined option that allows, if necessary, to use a more convenient method, depending on the need.

A good electric or gas water heater can be based on both storage and flow type water heating. In the first case, the required volume enters the boiler and heats up after a while. If it is a flowing water heater, then the water flow is passed through the heating element. Among the electric ones, the so-called induction water heaters are distinguished, which have an exclusively flow-through mechanism for heating water.

Flowing

The same type of water heater can be called "straight-through". The gas unit is economically more profitable in terms of the cost of using the energy carrier than the electric one. However, it can only be installed in houses with gasification. What if there is no gas or electricity? In this case, the "balloon" option remains. It is the gas cylinder that becomes the only source of hot water in the dachas. There are a number of conditions here:

• your geyser must be adapted to connect to the cylinder and the gas that it uses. Otherwise, it is necessary to readjust the unit, replace the manifold nozzles;
• after re-equipment, the apparatus is checked for tightness;
• the date of the changeover is marked on the column, indicating the type of gas that is acceptable for use.

Installation of a geyser is carried out after a tee or manifold, through which hot water is distributed. For comparison: a direct-flow version of an electric water heater is installed under the tap, thereby reducing heat loss during the transportation of liquid to the place of consumption.

The electric direct-flow water heater does not have a storage tank and has a large capacity. Electricity consumption can reach 30 kW. This is a compact unit that allows you to install directly under the washbasin. The use of such a heater is possible only in houses whose wiring is designed for electric stoves. Before installation it is necessary to consult with an electrician without fail.

Another type of electric direct-flow water heater is called the so-called induction columns. Unlike units with heating elements, this type boasts the highest efficiency - up to 98 percent. Saving electricity with such a heater can be up to 30-50 percent. Simple construction. The heating element does not come into contact with water, except for the inner wall of the pipe through which the supply is carried out. The variable type magnetic field does not allow deposits to form and warms up the entire volume of the liquid at once, which saves time. The water heats up very quickly. Long service life - up to 30 years. The only drawback of this miracle unit is the high cost.

Cumulative

A gas-heated boiler is installed only if it is not possible to connect a higher power unit. This is a large and at the same time an expensive option. The power of the device directly determines its performance.

An electric storage water heater is an easy way to solve your hot water problem. Electricity is available almost everywhere. And unlike gas equipment, it does not require any approvals or permits.

Unlike direct-flow, the storage water heater has a special tank equipped with heating elements and thermal insulation. Water from the pipeline enters the tank, and then through the drain fitting it enters the consumer. This can happen both under the influence of pressure and by gravity. A special thermometer is installed on the front of such a unit, which allows you to determine the temperature of the water in the tank.

Depending on the manufacturer, an electric boiler can be equipped with sensors:

• dry run - prevent heating of the heating element if there is no water in the tank;
• pressure control systems - turns off power consumption when the liquid overheats;
• combined approach to security. The mechanical valve is complemented by electronic sensors on the body or fitting.

In addition, there must be a power unit designed for a voltage of 180-240V, and not just the standard 220V.

The boiler is mounted on a pipeline with cold water supply and is supplemented at the outlet with a collector for hot water pipes to consumption points. The main requirement for the body of the water heater is compactness and sufficient thermal insulation. The most effective from this point of view is polyurethane foam. High-quality thermal insulation is the key to efficient operation of the boiler without unnecessary costs for heat loss.

Scheme of storage water heater

Flow-accumulative

The combined flow-accumulative type of heaters can operate both on electricity and on a gas pipeline. Moreover, it is this type of speakers that can be connected to various alternative energy sources - for example, solar panels, heat pumps.

The circuit of such a unit includes both a flow-through and a storage type of heater. It is possible to accumulate a supply of hot water for small needs and provide continuous heating for a bath or shower. Moreover, during installation, it is possible to immediately distribute the water disposal in accordance with the required volume at the points of consumption.

Installation is carried out on a pipeline with cold water with further drainage through the collector.

Source of power	Type of heater	Advantages	Flaws	Notes
Gas	flowing	Suitable for low hot water consumption.	It can only be installed in houses with gasification. Installing behind the collector increases heat loss during the time the water reaches the point of consumption.	Economical in view of the cost of energy. Requires sufficient water pressure to operate. Installation of a gas water heater requires coordination with regulatory authorities.
	Cumulative	It will be more preferable and economical at high water consumption.	Justifies the installation only in the absence of the possibility of connecting a more efficient unit.
	Flow-accumulative	Allows you to effectively breed points of consumption according to the method of water heating.
Electric	flowing	Heat losses during the delivery of hot water to the point of consumption are minimal due to installation directly behind the tap. Compact.	Large power consumption. The wiring must match the voltage, in a house where there are no electric stoves, it will not withstand the voltage.	Electrical consultation required prior to installation. No installation permission required. Fireproof, does not need ventilation.
	Cumulative	Compact. It has sensors for monitoring pressure and heating heating elements.	With insufficient thermal insulation, energy consumption will increase.
	Flow-accumulative	Allows you to save money by dividing points of consumption according to the method of water heating. Allows the use of alternative energy sources.	Requires installation of two heating systems.
Electric induction	flowing	Heats up water quickly. Energy savings up to 50 cents. Efficiency - up to 98 percent. Long service life. Simple construction.	High price.	It is possible to assemble by yourself.

Gas flow

Induction

Accumulative gas

Electric storage

Electric flow

Principle of operation

The flow heater has a simple operation scheme. Water is supplied through a copper pipe. The tube itself in the form of a spiral wraps around an energy source - a gas burner or a heating element (in other words, a tubular electric heater). An induction water heater uses the power of an alternating magnetic field, which, acting on a material with high resistance, causes it to heat up due to the excitation of an electric current. The current from the mains is converted into high-frequency current by means of an inverter and transferred to a coil that generates an alternating magnetic field. The liquid pipe plays the role of the core. The electric current excited in it under the action of a magnetic field causes it to heat up and increase the temperature of the water.

Principle of operation

In a storage heater, water first enters the tank, where it is gradually heated to the desired temperature. Moreover, according to physical laws, the warmer layers gradually move to the upper part of the tank, and the cold ones sink down.

Gas water heaters have open and closed combustion chambers for the output of waste energy products. A chimney or coaxial metal sleeve can be used.

Electric columns can differ in the type of heating elements: tubular or dry. The most common tubular This is a metal tube, inside which is placed a conductor with high electrical resistance. The tube is heated by the conductor and gives off heat to the water. The dielectric in this case is sand, which fills the space between the conductor and the walls of the tube.

Heating elements contribute to the formation of scale, which reduces the efficiency of the heater.

The so-called dry heating element is not a tube, but a special flask, inside which is special oil or quartz sand. It is also called ceramic. Much less scale forms on the walls of the flask and this option is recognized as more electrically safe.

Wiring diagram

Selection rules

When deciding which water heater is better for flow or storage, decide on your expectations.

What specific functions will be assigned to hot water equipment:

• you have hot water supply, but you want to have an additional source of hot water for maintenance periods;
• you are interested in water heaters to simply boil water for small needs;
• or there is no hot water system and you need an electric or gas heater in the bathroom as the main water heating system.

Having decided on the specific purpose of the purchase, proceed to the next step. Calculate the estimated daily water consumption. You can rely on the following values ​​in calculations:

• shower visit - 20 liters per person;
• the cost of cooking, washing dishes and other household needs - 12 liters.

The average Russian family consists of four people. Based on this, we calculate the daily need for hot water: 4 (number of family members) * 20 (hot water costs when visiting a shower for 1 person) + 12 (daily consumption for household needs) \u003d 92 liters.

In our example, water heaters with a tank of 100 liters will be the best choice. It is not recommended to take a smaller volume, since there will always be a risk that someone will not have enough water and there will be a need to reheat. If you plan to use a water heater for a large house or non-domestic use, be sure to get expert advice.

In addition to the price, you need to objectively evaluate the connectivity water heater to the required source energy supply. Checked: the larger the tank volume water heater, the more operational term . Choose a model based on its technical requirements for installation and operation. When buying, the reputation of the manufacturer is important and duration guarantees .

When choosing a water heater, you can not unreasonably save. A poor-quality or inappropriate model will cause many problems in the future, reacting to pressure drops in the pipeline or overloading the power grid. An instantaneous water heater is good in a home with a large flow of water, but trying to save money using a gas storage type is not the best idea. This is going to be a great water pressure dependent unit that should only be chosen if there are no other alternatives. Flow induction heaters are considered the most efficient, but their purchase can be considered a large-scale investment in future energy savings on hot water.

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