Universal heating boiler electricity wood. Combined and separate boilers for heating on wood and electricity. Electric wood burning boiler will not let your house cool down

Autonomous heating is becoming more and more popular among private property owners. The ability to heat a house and even an apartment at any convenient time, and not with the start of the heating season, provides huge advantages. And if in apartments the choice of energy is limited (electricity or gas), then in a private house you can install both a solid fuel and a combined boiler (wood-electricity).

Combined boiler in the most successful way combines the uninterrupted equipment and its versatility. Depending on the availability of a particular type of fuel, you can select the appropriate mode, each of which will be equally effective.

The design of the unit is quite practical, which leads to a reduction in heat loss and economical fuel consumption. During the day, it is advisable to heat the house with coal and/or wood, and at night to maintain the temperature with electricity. At the same time, there is no need to monitor the availability of firewood in the furnace, and the nightly electricity tariff is 15-35% lower than the daytime one.

Video 1 Combined boiler device in a private house

Design features

The main difference between combined equipment and solid fuel equipment is the presence of a thermoelectric heater in the heat exchanger tank. The heating element turns on automatically at the moment when the power of the combusted fuel is not enough to ensure the optimum temperature of the coolant. In other words, the heating element starts up when firewood or coal burns out, the heat subsides and there is a need to heat the coolant. All processes are fully automated and do not require human intervention, with the exception, perhaps, of laying firewood in the firebox.

In order to quickly and efficiently heat up the premises, different boilers have from 1 to 4 combustion chambers, each of which is connected to a separate thermoelectric heater.

The boiler for heating a private house combined wood / electricity has only 1 combustion chamber and 1 thermoelectric heater, and the water is heated by analogy with a storage water heater (boiler).

Video 2 Single-circuit boiler on wood and electricity

Why buy

A wide range of fuels used - it can be not only coal or firewood, but also briquettes, pellets, wood waste, etc.;
Autonomous operation - the combined boiler in the "electricity" mode works for an unlimited amount of time without human intervention. The restriction in heating can only be due to the lack of electricity. The operation of the equipment is absolutely safe;
Convenient maintenance - if necessary, the boiler can be converted into mono-fuel. When using a predominantly electric mode, cleaning of the boiler and chimney is not required; with regular use of solid fuel, it is necessary to clean the boiler as often as a standard solid fuel boiler - once a week the furnace and 1 time in 3-5 months the chimney.

Price is hard to include as an advantage. Compared to mono-fuel boilers, combined boilers are much more expensive, depending on the brand and the number of combustion chambers.

How to choose

Heating equipment can be used both for heating the residential sector, and industrial and industrial premises. To select the appropriate model that will be suitable for power and efficiency, you should focus on the number of circuits, performance and performance.

When purchasing a combined electricity / firewood boiler for heating a private house, consider the following indicators:

equipment - as a cheaper alternative, some manufacturers offer a boiler where the coolant heats only the heating element. This design is irrational, since the voltage in the network is not always stable, and electricity is sometimes turned off;
dimensions of the equipment - in the presence of several combustion chambers, which, as a rule, are made of cast iron alloy, the weight of the equipment can reach 500 or more kilograms, which will require a special base and a separate room. Also pay attention to the size of the firebox, since the frequency of laying firewood depends on this parameter.

Cast iron retains heat much longer than ceramics and is suitable for all types of solid fuels.

power is a parameter that directly depends on the type of fuel - electricity or firewood. Taking into account which type of fuel will be a priority, you should focus on the power of the boiler.

In order for heating to be efficient, the boiler output must always exceed the actual need for it.

the presence of a water heating circuit, which provides hot water at the points of water intake.

Installation Features

Combined equipment will require a separate room. Here it is necessary to provide the following mandatory installation elements:

foundation - a low reinforced concrete layer that compensates for the dimensions of the boiler;
arrangement of the chimney - the principle is in many respects similar to the chimney on a solid fuel boiler, where high-quality draft is provided

Photo 4 Plan-scheme of the heating system for a combined boiler

The traction power depends on the height of the pipe head. Its optimal height above the ridge is from 50 cm.

Once the boiler has been installed, the chimney must be carefully insulated. This will avoid the appearance of condensate and ice in the pipe, which prevents smoke from escaping.

a ventilation system that will allow timely removal of combustion products and carbon monoxide when it appears.
connection to the mains - a heating element that maintains and heats the coolant to a certain temperature, operates exclusively from the mains 220 volts.

To connect the equipment, a 380 volt line and 3 phases is required. In this case, it is necessary to ensure the correct connection of the input and grounding to the circuit. You should not take risks and make grounding to zero a simple break in the circuit, the automation simply will not have time to do the skew.

The popularity of combo boilers wood / electricity is due to the fact that both types of energy are the most accessible to the population. At the same time, all processes in the heating equipment are fully automated, and heat losses are minimized. The overpayment in price is compensated during the first 2-3 years of operation.

Recently, more and more often you can find universal combined heating boilers in private homes that can operate simultaneously on two types of fuel. The combination of electricity and firewood is an excellent choice: such a boiler is very compact, practical and reliable. In the event of a power outage or lack of fuel, you will not be left without heat and hot water in winter.

Externally, the combined boiler is practically no different from a conventional solid fuel unit. In principle, this is the same wood-burning heating boiler, in which a heating element is installed in the heat exchanger. Another important difference is the design of the water jacket. One of the walls of the furnace of such a boiler has a complex configuration and is made by cold stamping. Heating elements are mounted between the walls of the jacket, and there is a special contact hole to which the contacts of the electrical wiring wires are connected.

Combined boiler: wood - electricity

Combined boilers that run on wood and electricity are designed very competently and thoughtfully, the main working units are:

solid fuel loading hatch - solid fuel is loaded into it, the volume of fuel loaded at a time depends on its size;
ash pan - supplies oxygen for burning fuel and collects ash;
burners allow you to switch from one type of fuel to another;
draft damper - regulates the intensity of fuel combustion. The chain drive opens or closes the ash chamber damper;
heat exchanger - provides warm water supply;
temperature sensors - automatically regulate the operation of heating elements, which ensures the continuity of heating.

The automation system allows you to adjust the operating mode of the boiler, as well as its power. There are models of boilers that have hobs for cooking, they are installed above the firebox. Boilers with two circuits allow you to connect the "warm floor" system, for this there are special outlets for installation.

Combined boiler device

They produce boilers with one circuit and with two circuits. In the first case, the boiler is used only for heating, in the second case it will provide hot water for household needs. Also on sale are units with a manual control system and with an automatic one. Boilers with a manual control system are cheaper, and automatic control makes maintenance and the life of the owner easier.

Advice. When choosing a boiler for heating a house, it is necessary to correctly calculate the power of the device based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. This will affect fuel consumption.

Principle of operation

The principle of operation of a combined heating boiler is quite simple. The heat generator, powered by the mains, starts the electric heater. Pipe electric heaters begin to heat the coolant (water) in automatic mode according to the principle of a boiler. This process is automated by a special device, only firewood is loaded into the firebox manually.

While the heater is heating the water, you need to fill the combustion chamber with firewood and set it on fire. The combustion chamber is located below and transfers heat from burning firewood to the heat exchanger. When the temperature of the coolant reaches a predetermined level, the heating element turns off, and then only firewood generates heat. The burning power of firewood can reach 30 kW, which is enough to heat the house.

Combination boiler operation

When the firewood burns out, the heating element turns on again and maintains the set temperature. You can only heat with firewood, and turn on the heating element only for safety. If firewood runs out, then only the heating element will provide heat. But often electricity and firewood are used simultaneously, this is especially convenient at night, when it is not possible to constantly put firewood in the firebox. Then firewood is laid in the evening, and the heating element is turned on to maintain heat not at full capacity.

If electricity is used as a priority for heating, and firewood is used only as a reserve, then boiler maintenance is simplified to a minimum. The desired temperature is set automatically and the heating element is responsible for maintaining it. When the electricity is turned off, as is often the case in our country, you put firewood in the furnace, and the boiler starts to work on solid fuel.

Important. When operating the boiler on wood, make sure that the damper on the chimney is open. When working on electricity, the valve can be closed.

Advantages of combined boilers

Advantages of boilers firewood and electricity compared to single-fuel devices are obvious.

Combined boiler with built-in heating element

Versatility. You can use one of the two types of fuel as you wish.
Profitability. Electrical energy is the most affordable type of fuel, and so is wood. In addition, coal and waste from the woodworking industry can be used as an alternative. It turns out the perfect union: wood - electricity.
Thoughtful design. Heat is intelligently distributed and energy losses are minimal, which makes these boilers very efficient.
Long service life. With proper operation, such a boiler will serve you faithfully for a very long time, at least 20 years.
Autonomy. There is no need to constantly monitor the process - automation will do everything for you. Especially when working on electric fuel, the heating mode with the help of a heating element is limited by an uninterrupted supply of electricity.
There are models with pre-built pipes for connecting the "warm floor" system.

Important. Combined boilers that run on wood and electricity work efficiently even in low-power modes.

Flaws

And yet, with all the advantages, combined boilers have their drawbacks, like any other heating equipment.

It is better to install the combined boiler on a pre-strengthened base

It is necessary to equip a separate room - a boiler room, it is also necessary to store fuel reserves.
Weight. Devices made of cast iron can weigh several hundred kilograms; before installing such a boiler, a concrete pad may be required to reinforce the subfloor. Due to the significant weight of the product, there are no models for wall mounting, only models for floor mounting.
The design of combined boilers is more complex, which affects the cost of installation and service repairs.
Another disadvantage is the low power of the electrical component. The power of electric heaters should not exceed the power of the wood burning chamber. The power range of a wood-burning firebox is within 6 - 25 kW.
The cost of models of combined boilers is 20-40% more expensive than similar solid fuel boilers, but their purchase is much more justified than installing one type of boiler and then replacing it with another.

The manufacturer offers combined heating boilers operating on electricity and wood of various capacities, configurations and performance. When purchasing such equipment, pay attention to such moments.

Think about how much fuel you need to put in at a time

Power - depends on what kind of fuel is used. Decide in advance on what type of fuel the priority units will operate.
The size of the combustion chamber - the volume of the combustion chamber depends on how often you need to load fuel.
Noiselessness - installation of a special valve ensures quiet operation of the unit.
Number of circuits - for some models, water is heated only by a heating element. More economical than models in which the coolant coil is mounted in the combustion chamber.
Heat exchanger. It can be made from cast iron or steel. Cast iron devices are resistant to corrosion, heat up for a long time, but they also give off heat for a long time, have a significant mass and can crack with a sharp temperature drop. Steel is subject to faster oxidation and corrosion, lighter in weight and resistant to temperature extremes.
Grids. They are made from various materials. It can be cast iron or ceramic. Cast iron is more heat resistant and suitable for the combustion of any solid fuel. They use honeycomb cast iron grates with ceramic coating, they are suitable for bulk materials that use more oxygen during combustion.
The weight and dimensions of the boiler. It may be necessary to reinforce the surface area on which the unit will be installed with a concrete screed.

If there is no gas in the house, then this is not a problem - you can heat it with firewood bought or chopped in the forest. In addition, solid fuel boilers can operate on other types of solid fuels. Also on sale are combined units connected to the mains. Heating boilers for a private house on wood and electricity are more convenient to operate than their traditional counterparts. Let's take a look at what kind of equipment it is, how it works and what its advantages are.

Features of boilers for wood and electricity

A traditional solid fuel boiler is a wood-burning stove with a built-in heat exchanger that provides the heating system with a hot coolant. Firewood is placed in its firebox, burning merrily and generating thermal energy absorbed by the coil. And in order for the house to always be warm, it is necessary to throw all new logs into the firebox - even at night. That is, instead of sleeping, you will have to get up and stomp to the insatiable unit.

Wood-fired heating boilers cause inconvenience even during the day. The logs in them burn out very quickly. If you do not follow the level of the flame, the heating will cool down, the house will become noticeably cooler. This problem is solved in the following ways:

Purchase of pyrolysis units and models with large fireboxes;
Purchase of pellet boilers with automatic fuel supply;
Installation of a boiler that runs on wood and electricity.

The last option is the cheapest. Pyrolysis units are complex and expensive, the same drawbacks are inherent in pellet samples. But boilers and stoves on wood and electricity have an affordable price.

An electric wood-burning boiler is a conventional solid fuel appliance that runs on wood. But as soon as the firewood in its interior runs out, and the temperature of the coolant drops below a predetermined level, the heating element (or several heating elements at once) is turned on. It maintains the temperature in the circuit, preventing it from cooling down quickly.

Heating elements are responsible precisely for maintaining the temperature, they are not able to warm houses only due to their power. They also allow a gradual cooling of the coolant, but they are enough for several hours.

Temperature control can be built-in or external - some models are equipped with built-in thermostats.

Solid fuel combined boilers are equipped with one or two heating elements of limited power. Single-phase and three-phase networks (more often single-phase) act as a power source for them.

Advantages and disadvantages of wood-fired boilers and electricity

Boilers for heating on wood and electricity are characterized by the following advantages:

The presence of support for the temperature regime - will prevent the coolant from cooling too quickly;
Balanced cost - equipment is distinguished by its low cost, which will be discussed in our review;
No additional maintenance is required, as required by combined devices with liquid and gas burners.

By installing a heating boiler on wood and electricity in your house, you will not jump up at night to lay a portion of firewood.

Not without traditional disadvantages - this is high power consumption and the need for hardy electrical wiring.

Popular Models

Let's see how to choose a combined wood-electric heating boiler for home heating. The main parameter here is the power of the device. Usually 10 sq. m. heated area requires 1 kW of thermal energy. Also, do not forget about 15-20% of the reserve in case of cold winters.

Heating elements in wood and electricity boilers can be optional or built-in. In the first case, they will have to be purchased separately, and in the second they are supplied in the original configuration. It would be nice if there was already a thermostat on board to maintain the temperature - then you do not have to buy it separately. You should also evaluate the power of the heating element used, since samples with a power of 8-9 kW and above operate from three-phase networks.

Before us is a typical boiler on wood and electricity for heating a large house - up to 200 square meters. m. It is non-volatile, but comes with a pre-installed block of heating elements, the power of which is 9 kW. The model is single-circuit, designed for traditional floor installation. The combustion chamber is open, it burns briquetted fuel, coal, firewood and other types of solid fuel.

If you are going to buy this boiler, you will make a bargain. After all, it can work not only on wood and electricity, but also on gas - for this, a connected gas burner is bought in addition to it. The cost of this model in online stores varies between 22-28 thousand rubles.

Electric wood-burning stoves for a house with water heating are in demand among those who are tired of freezing when the fire is attenuated in the furnace. Using the ZOTA Poplar M20 model, you will have at your disposal a powerful heating device from a well-known brand. Its power is 20 kW, efficiency - 75%, control - mechanical. It is possible to work from electricity, but for this you will have to buy a block of heating elements for it. The boiler is omnivorous, it burns wood, coal and anthracite. Estimated cost in the Russian market is about 36,000 rubles.

The GEFEST company produces not only gas and electric stoves known throughout Russia, but also heating boilers for a private house using wood and electricity. A typical example of this is the above model. It is made in a simple rectangular case, devoid of any hint of design. The power of the sample is 25 kW, the heated area is up to 250 square meters. m. The efficiency is up to 82%, this is a fairly high figure.

Despite the apparent simplicity, the GEFEST VPR KSTGV-25 boiler on wood and electricity is not at all as simple as it seems. The thing is that it is a double-circuit - it gives heat and hot water. The capacity of the DHW circuit is 8.5 l / min at a temperature change of 35 degrees. The primary heat exchanger is made of steel, the secondary heat exchanger is made of copper. As soon as you get tired of spending firewood and electricity, the device can be switched to gas by purchasing a burner for it.

Those who know how to make good boilers that work equally well on wood and electricity are Siberian manufacturers. The presented model has a power of up to 12 kW and can heat an area of up to 100 square meters. m, consuming up to 3.2 kg of fuel per hour. As soon as the wood in the firebox comes to an end, the electric heater will turn on - it will maintain the temperature in the heating circuit and will not let it cool down until the next fuel load.

The boiler for wood and electricity Sibenergoterm Prometheus 12M-5 12 kW works not only on wood, but also on other types of fuel - coal and coal briquettes. Moreover, coal acts as a fuel recommended for this model. Separately, the high efficiency of the model, which is 84 kW, pleases. It also includes an air vent and safety valve. Heating elements for operation from the mains are purchased separately.

This boiler, which can work on electricity and wood, is combined, because a gas burner is also connected to it. The power of the device is 16 kW, which is enough to heat houses up to 160 square meters. m. The fuel for this model is traditional firewood, coal and wood briquettes, as well as coal.. The block of heating elements is already pre-installed, you do not need to purchase anything additionally. The device is one of the most affordable, its average cost is about 24 thousand rubles. For this money, consumers receive almost omnivorous equipment.

When choosing a method of autonomous heating, owners of a private house often face a difficult choice. On the one hand, you should choose a model for the cheapest fuel so that heating costs are minimal. On the other hand, it is difficult to get full confidence in the possibility of a continuous supply of energy, which is especially true for centralized pipelines (gas, electricity).

Therefore, combined options are becoming increasingly popular, for example, a wood and gas boiler. This is the only way to guarantee that the heating season will run with a stable heat supply. Moreover, the choice is not limited to such modifications. Pellets are combined with electricity, coal with wood models, for example, as in combined boilers. Universal heaters easily allow you to bypass seasonal tariff increases, as well as, for example, use nightly price reductions, etc.

Combined modifications, for example, a wood-gas-electricity heater, are often installed to replace old wood-burning stoves or their coal-fired counterparts. firewood and coal are the most affordable in all regions of our country, while they have a relatively low price. The heating system itself is often not redone, limited to replacing a wood-burning boiler with a combined model.

Varieties of combined boilers

Separate universal heating equipment depending on the type of fuel used.

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combined boilers

So, the following combined options are distinguished:

Gas + Solid fuel. Allows you to quickly replace the main gas when it was turned off as a result, for example, of an accident on the line. A wood and gas boiler is one of the most popular solutions due to the good availability of wood.
Gas + Liquid fuel. Such options are convenient in case of periodic failures in gas supply, but require the organization of storage of diesel fuel stocks.
Gas + Electricity + Liquid fuel. A combined option for savings in the absence of a guarantee of timely supplies of gas and diesel fuel.
Gas + Solid and liquid fuel. One of the most versatile models for heating cottages. Great replacement for wood burning stoves.
Gas + Solid and liquid fuel + Electricity. This model makes the owner of a private house completely independent of tariffs and other factors that affect the change of energy carrier. For example, a wood-gas-electricity appliance.

There are universal boilers without connection to a gas main, for example, for coal and firewood with the ability to connect heating elements to be powered by electricity. Heating boilers combined gas firewood are often installed in conditions of interruptions in gas supply. Firewood for heating, including special granules (pellets), causes less inconvenience during storage than other types of fuel. Yes, and there is no smell, as, for example, from diesel fuel (and a gas boiler, sometimes, gives a slight smell).

Another option - a combined gas-firewood-electricity boiler - allows you to become completely autonomous with any changes in tariffs and in other situations. For a wood-gas-electricity device, you don’t have to worry about the same firewood stocks, power outages, etc.

Features of gas-fired boilers for the home

First of all, it is worth noting that in most cases, the gas main is taken as the main fuel, and they switch to wood heating in the event of a shutdown for periods of maintenance or accidents. Of course, for a completely universal approach, it is worth installing a combined wood-gas-electricity appliance, but not everyone can be satisfied with the cost of electricity.

In general, combined boilers can be fired with different solid fuels, almost without changes in its design. So, firewood, coal, briquettes, pellets - everything is on the same level in terms of prevalence, the choice depends on the price of various types in a particular region. That is why gas-fired boilers are popular, solid fuel is easy to replace with an analogue.

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Secondly, it is important to consider that solid fuel boilers are made of steel and cast iron, which makes them resistant to constant high temperatures during the heating season. This is especially important if coal is used as fuel, which gives a noticeably higher temperature in the furnace.

But that also adds to the hassle. The heavy weight of the equipment in some cases requires the strengthening of the flooring in the room in the house allocated for its installation. Cast iron boilers for heating gas-firewood require this without fail. Gas-fired modifications made of light grades of metal can be mounted on a regular floor, in place of a previously occupied wood or coal stove. Wood-gas-electricity appliances are usually light in weight.

There are two more types of combined models: single-circuit (they work only for heating the heating system) and double-circuit (the second circuit heats water for the water supply system in the house). So, the gas-firewood device can be used as a boiler even in the warm season. The same applies to the device firewood-gas-electricity.

It is also worth noting this feature. In addition to the removal of smoke through the pipe when burning with solid fuels, there are solid combustion products that settle in the pan and require periodic disposal.

The most interesting for heating boilers are universal gas-firewood-pellets, which have the ability to work autonomously without human intervention for a long time. Such a heater, instead of wood or gas, is able to work with special granules. Such a combined option eliminates the need to stock up on firewood, because. pellets are usually always on sale. Alternatively, a combined boiler is still convenient.

The most advantageous sides of boilers heating gas firewood

If we put aside the requirements for arranging a separate room in the house, combined wood-fired gas heating boilers will have a whole set of excellent qualities.

The operation of such a universal heating device does not require special skills. Even options such as combi boilers.
The cost of combined models is not much higher than analogues that can only work, for example, with coal, pellets and a gas version. You can mount it instead of a wood-burning stove, they take up even less space than usual.
The dimensions of a gas-fired heating model, of course, are larger than gas models, but do not exceed analogues with a wood-burning firebox. The wood-gas-electricity device has the same dimensions.
High efficiency - up to 90%. The wood-burning method of heating a room is one of the most effective, the main thing is to use dry, no more than 20% humidity, firewood.
Small emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

Compared to heating with electricity or gas boilers, combined gas-fired heating boilers can provide complete independence from utilities. Wood stoves have always been used as the basis of warm home comfort, because. this type of fuel is the easiest to get anywhere.

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What to pay attention to?

When selecting a model, it is necessary to take into account several rules, non-observance of which will lead to an error. As a result, the boiler may not be suitable for a particular house, for example, it may not be powerful enough and the room will be cold. For example, a wood and gas appliance is dependent on the pressure in the line, and when it is lowered, it can give off noticeably less heat.

In technical specifications, in addition to power, the area of \u200b\u200bthe house for which it is designed is usually indicated. The calculations are made by professionals and it is quite accurate. You can use various tables found on the Internet. Particular attention should be paid to power when choosing the most versatile options, such as a wood-gas-electricity appliance.

It is worth considering the possible decrease in gas pressure in the line. This can significantly reduce the heating power. In the absence of a “reserve”, you will also have to use additional heaters powered by electricity. There is no point in heating with such characteristics, it will have to be modernized and incur additional costs.

The next step is to determine the purpose of the combined boiler for heating. It can be purchased both as the main source of heat and for additional heating of running water, i.e. immediately choose the combined option.

Such a boiler is more profitable than a separate boiler, because wood or gas is already consumed for heating, and a separate water heater is usually powered by electricity. Wood heating often allows you to win also in the speed of reaching the desired temperature.

Are there any features in operation?

When buying a combined boiler with wood and gas heating, several operational points must be taken into account, without which the use of wood as the main source of heat can lead to the fact that the universal method will cause considerable problems.

So, a wood-burning boiler during its operation gradually clogs the chimney with soot, which must be periodically cleaned. Without this, the efficiency of smoke removal will gradually decrease, up to the appearance of problems with ignition, smoke in the room, etc.

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If heating on gas or electricity can operate continuously, then the wood-burning boiler burns out completely after a maximum of 3-4 hours, after which the heating system inevitably begins to cool down. Loading a new portion is done manually, which requires the presence of the owner's home. Therefore, often combined modifications with wood or pellet fuels are used, if possible, in gas heating mode.

Pellets partly allow you to automate the procedure for heating with wood fuel, but you still have to follow the process. Yes, and the stock must be created in advance, otherwise you can be left without heating in the coldest period of the year.

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A independent heating is preferable from the point of view of saving resources and ease of use. Owners of houses equipped with boilers can independently decide when to start and end the heating season. The type of heater is selected depending on the type of energy to be used. Universal boilers for heating on wood and electricity allow you to use exactly the type of energy carrier that is available at any time, as well as make it possible to fine-tune the boiler.

Combined boiler

Solid fuel boilers with electric heating elements

Solid fuels are as popular as gas and electricity. In case of any cataclysms and accidents, such boilers can work and heat the home, and with the correct calculation of the heating system and high-quality installation, solid fuel boilers turn out to be the most economical. The use of heating elements allows you to maintain the temperature of the water in the system at a comfortable level, even if the combustion process in the boiler is completed. Heating elements in all types of boilers are installed under the grate in the immediate vicinity of the combustion site.

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Wood burning boilers

To use firewood as fuel, the boiler must have characteristic features - front loading and a chamber depth of about 50 cm. The grate for such boilers is made of cast iron, at the bottom there is a blower and an ash chamber. The adjustment of such a boiler occurs in manual or semi-automatic mode and is carried out as follows:

a temperature sensor is installed in the heat exchanger inside the boiler, which registers the temperature of the water in the system;
temperature data is transmitted to a thermometer located on the boiler body;
in automatic mode or by manual adjustment, increase or decrease the air supply to the combustion chamber.

Boilers used for all types of solid fuels

There are models of boilers that involve the use of not only firewood, but also other types of fuel - coal, pellets, peat. In this case, additional elements for loading and supplying fuel are added to the usual design. When burning firewood, it gives out a much lower temperature than coal, so universal boilers have thicker walls.

Wood boilers with the possibility of connecting a gas burner

Almost any boilers for heating on wood and electricity can be converted to gas. Many manufacturers initially lay down this possibility by supplying a gas burner of a suitable size to a wood-burning boiler. Reverse alteration is also carried out without problems, just the panel with the built-in burner is replaced back to the door and the grate is put in its original place.

Boiler operation

A solid fuel boiler in general is a compact metal furnace equipped with a fuel combustion chamber, a heat exchanger, a smoke exhaust system and a door for regulating the air supply. The built-in electric heater is located below the grate and is connected if necessary.

During fuel combustion, when the temperature of the water in the heat exchanger drops, the heating element heats it up until the solid fuel ignites again. This mode reduces the load on the heating circuits, and in open systems maintains constant circulation. The combustion of solid fuels is a process that cannot be fine-tuned and cannot be automatically stopped, therefore, at night, the operation of such equipment must be stopped. The use of electric heaters allows you to extinguish the boilers at night, while maintaining the desired temperature. Electric heating is not used as the main source of heat, since this is not beneficial in combined-type boilers; there are other types of equipment for these purposes.

Principles of water circulation

A boiler for heating with wood and electricity heats the water in the system at the moment when it passes through the heat exchanger. Heating occurs in three ways:

When choosing a boiler, preference should be given to those models in which there is the largest number of internal pipes; the efficiency of such boilers is always higher. An important parameter is that the inlet diameter of the return pipe must be greater than or equal to the outlet pipe, this configuration also increases the circulation efficiency.

Smoke extraction

The removal of combustion products from a solid fuel boiler with electric heating elements must be carried out according to general rules using a metal chimney pipe. The traction efficiency is not affected by which outlet is present on the boiler - rear or top. More expensive models have a special device that equalizes the rate of gas removal. It is a set of special dampers that the smoke goes around when moving up, while the heat remains inside the boiler and its efficiency increases.

Boilers for individual heating on wood and electricity are selected taking into account the following factors:

the type of fuel that is available;
data of heat engineering calculation performed individually for a specific object;
engineering features of the heating system as a whole.

It is possible to draw conclusions about the power of the boiler only if the data listed above are available, since average recommendations do not always fit the operating conditions at a particular facility. Solid fuel household boilers with the ability to connect to electricity have a wide power range - from 6 kW to 100 kW, their cost varies from one and a half dozen to several hundred thousand rubles.