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1. TECHNOLOGICAL PART

1.1 Specifications

Pump applicability indicators by parameters should correspond to the data in Table 1.

Table 1

1.2 Purpose of the unit

Electric pumping unit type K is designed for stationary pumping of water (except seawater) with pH 7 and other liquids similar to water in density, viscosity and chemical activity, containing mechanical impurities in the object no more than 0.1% and size no more than 0, 2 mm. The temperature of the pumped liquid is 273-358 K (0 ; +85).

The unit consists of a centrifugal axial inlet horizontal cantilevered single-stage pump type K, manufactured with a stuffing box seal, a base plate, an electric motor, a coupling and a coupling guard. The main parts of the flow part of the pump are made of cast iron.

The unit is designed to work both indoors and outdoors under a canopy. The unit is manufactured in a general industrial design and does not allow installation and operation in explosive and fire hazardous industries and use for pumping combustible and flammable liquids.

The unit is equipped with an electric motor 4AM160S2U3 and must be installed and operated in rooms and installations of the appropriate class in accordance with the current PUE (rules for the installation of installations)

The designation of the unit and the pump included in it is adopted in accordance with the International Standard ISO 2858 - 75 with the addition of the pump type, the symbol for the shaft seal, the use of the unit, the climatic version and the location category.

For example: K-80-50-20 S-A-U-3 TU 26-06-1425-86, where K is the designation of the standard size range of pumps for water and other neutral liquids; 80 - inlet pipe diameter, mm; 50 - outlet pipe diameter, mm; 80 - outlet pipe diameter, mm; 200 - nominal diameter of the impeller, mm; C - shaft seal - single gland; A - symbol of the unit; U - climatic version; 3 - unit category during operation.

1.3 Device and principle of operation

The electric pump unit consists of a centrifugal pump, an electric motor, a coupling, a coupling guard mounted on a common foundation plate. The pump is driven through a flexible coupling. The direction of rotation of the rotor is clockwise when viewed from the motor side.

The pump is centrifugal horizontal cantilever one-stage. The pump housing has paws that are attached to the foundation plate. The support bracket is cantilevered to the pump housing and has an auxiliary support on the side of the coupling. The pump rotor rotates in bearings. Bearing lubrication is grease, supplied through grease fittings in the bearing caps.

Consolidation of a shaft of the pump - an unary soft epiploon.

2. CALCULATION PART

2.1 Calculation of the overhaul schedule

To draw up an annual preventive maintenance schedule ( PPR schedule) we will need standards for the frequency of equipment repairs. These data can be found in the manufacturer's passport data for electrical equipment, if the plant specifically regulates this, or use the reference book "System for maintenance and repair of power equipment".

The essence of the preventive maintenance method is that all types of repairs are performed in a predetermined sequence after a certain number of hours worked.

Table 2 - PPR

Number of repairs per piece of equipment per year:

overhauls

where Teff is the effective fund of equipment operation per year

Tef \u003d 365 days * 24 hours \u003d 8760 hours.

Mk - the duration of the overhaul cycle for overhaul, h

current repairs

where Mt is the duration of the overhaul cycle for current repairs, h

Number of repairs for all equipment:

capital,

where A is the number of pieces of equipment

2.2 Calculation of the labor intensity of repairs in man/hour

According to the operation certificate, the overhaul is proposed to be carried out in 260 hours.

Repairs will be carried out in a working workshop, in cramped conditions at normal temperatures.

According to SNIPs, there are 15% for work in cramped conditions. According to this, the labor intensity is equal to:

260*1.15=299 person/hour

When performing repair work, workshop GPMs are used.

The composition of the team is selected depending on the amount of work, the complexity of operations.

You can also see the composition of the brigade GESN, RSN, ENiR.

It indicates the average category of the worker and the time for which this worker will complete all the work.

We cannot change the salary for the overhaul.

Therefore, I choose a team consisting of them:

ѕ Locksmith - repairman of the 5th category 1 person.

ѕ Locksmith - repairman of the 4th category 1 person.

ѕ Locksmith - repairman of the 3rd category 1 person.

The duties of a slinger are performed by a mechanic - repairman of the 3rd category Fomin P.A.

The duties of the foreman are performed by the locksmith - repairman of the 5th category Selyunin A.G.

The duties of a welder are performed by a locksmith - repairman of the 4th category Borshchev D.A., who has a license to carry out welding work by 5th grade.

Preparatory work is 15% of the labor intensity of the work

Dismantling works make up 20% of the labor intensity of the work:

Repair work is 25% of the labor intensity of work:

299*0.25=74.75h.

Installation with reconciliation is 30% of the labor intensity of repair work:

Running-in and commissioning is 15% of the labor intensity:

299*0.15=44.85h.

The calculation is carried out according to the formula:

Number of days \u003d labor intensity / 8 * number of shifts * number of workers

* Preparatory work 33/8*2*3=0.7 days

* Dismantling works 66/48=1.4 days

* Repair work 83/48=1.7 days

* Installation work 99/48=2.1 days

* Run-in 50/48=1 day

2.3 Calculation of the number of workers required for the production of repairs by qualifications and categories

To determine the number of days and hours that one worker must work during the year, a balance of the working time of one average worker is drawn up, taking into account various conditions labor and working hours.

Table 3 - Calculation of the balance of working time

Balance sheet items	Working mode
	Continuous 4 shift	Intermittent 5 shift
1. Kolendarny fund of time 365, days
2.Quantity non-working days total, days including festive weekend
3. Nominal fund of time, days
4. Total absenteeism, days including vacation performance of state duties
5. Effective fund
6.Duration of the shift, h
7. Effective fund of time, h

Carrying out the calculation

The payroll is the total number of people according to the lists of the organization (according to the staffing table).

To determine it, we accept the following structure by ranks:

Distribution of total labor costs by qualifications, % Tz

6th category - 15%

5th category - 20%

4th category - 30%

3rd category - 20%

2nd category - 15%

Total - 100%

Then the labor costs for each category are:

TOBSCH - total labor costs for all repairs,

% Tz - % of labor costs for each category.

1. payroll repair workers:

KR = 1.02 - productivity growth factor,

КН= 1.03 - coefficient of compliance with the norms,

Tz razr - labor costs for this category.

Effective time fund, h.

Table 4-Number of repair workers:

Profession	Labor costs	Efficient Time Fund	payroll
				By calculation	rounded

Locksmith by category

2. Calculation of the turnout number of workers on duty the turnout number - the number of workers per shift, is calculated by the formula:

A=4 - number of equipment, pcs.

But \u003d 10.5 - the rate of service per worker.

Z. Payroll number of workers on duty

KSM \u003d 2 - shift coefficient (number of shifts per day \u003d W), Ksp - list coefficient:

Фк=З65 - calendar time in a year, days.

Fef.year. =224- effective time per year, days

4. Labor intensity of duty workers:

2.4 Local estimate for the cost of repairs

Calculation of the cost estimate for the overhaul of equipment

The cost estimate for the overhaul of equipment includes wages for overhaul, insurance deductions for it, the cost of materials, spare parts, and overhead costs.

To calculate the salary for major repairs, we calculate the average annual tariff rate:

Tstav. \u003d (TstVICHVI + TVCHV + TIVCHIV) / Chtotal \u003d (412 + 37.72 + 24.67) / 9 \u003d 52.71 rubles

where ТstV, ТV, ТIV are the tariff rates of the corresponding tariff categories, rub. NVI, NV, NIV - the number of repair workers by category, Ntotal - the total number of repair personnel.

The tariff wages for major repairs will be:

ZPtar \u003d Tstsr Tr k. total \u003d 52.71134.1 \u003d 7068.41 rubles

where ZPtar - tariff wages for major repairs, rub.

Tst. cf. - average tariff rate per hour, rub.

Tr. to.total - the complexity of the overhaul, man-hour.

The bonus for the high-quality performance of a major overhaul is charged in the amount of 40% of the tariff salary:

Spr \u003d ZPtar 40% \u003d 7068.4140% \u003d 2827.36 rubles

The basic salary is equal to the sum of the tariff salary and bonus:

ZPosn \u003d ZPtar Spr \u003d 7068.41 + 2827.36 \u003d 9895.77 rubles

The additional salary includes payment for training, regular vacations and payment for the performance of state duties. To calculate the components of the additional wage bill, we find the average daily salary:

ZPs / day \u003d ZPosn / FRVpol \u003d 9895.77 / 208 \u003d 47.58 rubles

where ZPosn is the basic salary for overhaul, rub.

FRVpol - useful working time fund in days, table 4.

Vacation pay:

Ooch \u003d ZPs / dntoch \u003d 47.58 30 \u003d 1427.4 rubles

toch - the duration of the next vacation, days (table 4).

Study leave pay:

Ouch \u003d ZPs / dntuch \u003d 47.58 3 \u003d 142.74 rubles

where ZPs / day - the average annual salary, rub.

Tuch - duration of study leave, days (Table 4).

Payment for the fulfillment of state and public obligations:

Og / o \u003d ZPs / day tg / o \u003d 47.58 2 \u003d 95.16 rubles

where tg / o - the duration of the performance of public duties, days (table 4).

Additional salary fund:

ZPdop \u003d Ooch + Ouch + Og / o \u003d 1427.4 + 142.74 + 95.16 \u003d 1665.3 rubles

The salary fund for overhaul is equal to the sum of the main and additional funds:

ZPkr \u003d ZPosn + ZPdop \u003d 9895.77 + 1665.3 \u003d 11561.07 rubles

Table 5 - Estimated cost for major repairs

Expenditures	Rationale	Amount of expenses, rub.	Specific weight, %
1. Salary for major repairs	Based on
Table 8 continued
2. Unified social tax with deductions in case of injury
3. Cost of materials and spare parts	5% from the cost of equipment
4. Overhead	90% of the basic salary for major repairs

3. REPAIR PART

3.1 Commissioning the equipment

electric pump repair cost estimate

After the unit is delivered to the installation site, make sure that the unit is complete and that the warranty seals and plugs on the suction and discharge pipes are intact.

It is necessary to remove grease from the outer surfaces of the unit, for which it is necessary to wipe them with a rag soaked in gasoline or white spirit.

The installation location of the unit must meet the following requirements:

It must be free to the unit for its maintenance during operation, as well as the possibility of its disassembly and assembly;

When preparing the foundation, provide for a 50-80 mm margin in height for the subsequent grouting of the foundation slab with cement mortar;

Suction and discharge pipelines must be fixed on separate supports and have temperature compensators; transfer of loads from pipelines to the pump flanges is not allowed;

To ensure cavitation-free operation of the pump, the suction pipe should be as short and straight as possible and sloped towards the intake tank. When installing a filter on the suction pipeline, it must have a free section, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 1.3 - 1.4 times more area suction pipe;

The pressure pipeline must be equipped with check valve and valve. The check valve is installed between the gate valve and the pump;

A pressure and vacuum gauge and a pressure gauge must be installed on the suction and discharge to measure the pressure of the pumped liquid;

A drain pipe must be laid to drain the leakage from the pump;

When installing the unit outdoors, the requirements of the industry standard OST 26-1141 - 74 must be observed.

Install the unit on the foundation, ensuring the horizontal installation, and after hardening cement mortar gravy finally tighten the foundation bolts.

Connect the suction and pressure pipelines, as well as pipelines of other systems, to the unit. Permissible non-parallelism of the flanges is not more than 0.15 mm over a length of 100 m. It is forbidden to eliminate the misalignment of the flanges by tightening the bolts or installing oblique gaskets.

Test the mounted system for tightness and strength by test pressure in accordance with GOST 356 - 80.

After installation, check the alignment of the drive pump shafts. Permissible misalignment and parallel displacement of the shafts and the electric motor is 0.06 mm.

Check the rotation of the pump rotor and make sure that there is no contact between moving and stationary parts and that there is no binding when turning.

Check the correct direction of rotation by briefly starting the machine.

Check the operation of pipeline valves and pressure gauge valves. The initial position of valves and valves before start-up is closed.

Check the presence of oil in the cavity of the bearing caps.

After 20 hours of work directly at the facility, draw up an act of delivery of the mounted unit.

3.2 Repair documentation

The order of disassembly and assembly of the unit:

Disassemble the unit not at the place of operation, but in a special area that excludes contamination of the unit parts.

Disassemble and assemble the unit only with standard tools using the special tool provided in the spare parts kit. Before dismantling, flush the pump from the pumped product and clean it from dust and dirt.

For the revision of the flow path, the shaft seal and for current repairs, the unit is partially disassembled:

Disconnect the unit;

Unscrew the plug and drain the working fluid;

Unscrew the M10 bolts and remove the clutch cover;

Unscrew the M12 bolts that fix the motor to the foundation plate;

Move the motor in the axial direction;

Remove the pump coupling half from the shaft with the pins fixed on it, spacer bushings and elastic bushings;

Remove the key from the shaft;

Loosen the bolts securing the foot to the base plate;

Loosen the nuts securing the bearing housing to the pump housing;

Pull out the pump base together with the impeller;

Loosen the nut holding Working wheel on the pump shaft;

Remove the impeller;

Unscrew the nuts and remove the stuffing box cover, pull out the stuffing box packing;

Remove the protective sleeve from the shaft;

Remove the bumper;

Unscrew the bolts and remove the bearing caps;

Take out the shaft with bearings;

Remove bearings from shaft.

The unit is assembled in the reverse order of disassembly.

Before assembling the unit, all parts must be prepared for assembly, i.e. cleaned from dirt, rust, burrs. Sharp corners of all parts must be blunted.

Keep cleanliness when assembling the unit. Wipe all parts with a clean, dry cloth before assembly. All gaskets are made according to the place and shape of the joints of various parts.

In the connections of the external parts of the pump, overhanging one over the other is allowed within the tolerances for the dimensions of the mating parts. Everything threaded connections when assembling, lubricate with USSA GOST 3333-80 graphite grease. All nuts in the assembled unit must be tightened evenly.

Tightening the nuts should not cause distortion of the parts to be joined. The ends of the studs must protrude from the nuts to the same height (1-4 threads) in one joint. Drowning in the nut of the end of the studs is not allowed. Before landing on the shaft, heat the bearings to a temperature of 80-90.

3.3 Equipment testing for Idling, under load

After the complete completion of the pre-start work, test runs of the unit without load are carried out. Initially, the first short-term connection to the network is made for 2-3 s, which allows you to check the direction of rotation of the engine, the absence of touching the rotating parts of the pump with the stationary parts and check for extra noise indicating a malfunction of the unit.

The engine will be turned on again for 4-5 minutes to check the vibration of the unit, the beating in the flange connection of the shafts, and the absence of oil emissions in the guide bearings through the baffle. During this start, the operation of the starting equipment and the absence of assembly defects are checked.

After this check, the pump unit will be turned on for 8-10 hours in idle mode.

After eliminating the malfunctions in the operation of the pump and the engine, detected during the idle test, fill out the protocol and proceed to the load tests.

To perform tests under load, the flow part of the pump is filled with water. Having filled the flowing part with water, carefully inspect those places where leaks are possible.

After making sure that the water supply path is working, turn on the electric motor of the unit and gradually open the three-way valves of the pressure gauges, think over them and close them. The increase in the pump load to the operating mode should be uniform. When the pump motor reaches the nominal speed and the corresponding pressure, open the butterfly valve on the shut-off pipeline.

The tests are carried out until the temperature of the windings, guide bearings, oil, and cooling air stabilizes. The duration of the test must be at least 4 hours. During this period, the operating units of the unit are carefully examined and listened to and measurements are taken.

After 4-5 hours under load, the pump unit is stopped and all components are inspected, especially mechanical fasteners details and constituent parts, assembly and welded joints, seals protecting against leakage of oil, water, etc.

The final operation during testing is running - continuous work unit for 72 hours. During the run-in period, the conformity of the actual values of the parameters of the pumping unit obtained as a result of measurements and calculations with the passport ones is checked, and the optimal operating mode is also established.

At the end normal operation of the pumping unit under load within 72 hours, a test report is drawn up indicating the parameters and an act of issuing the unit from repair. After that, the pump unit is considered suitable for operation.

3.4 Dismantling the pump

The dismantling of the pump unit is carried out after disconnecting it from the network and closing all valves. Next, the foundation bolts of the pump are unscrewed, the bolts in the flange connection of the pump with all adjacent pipelines.

Then, the bolts of the coupling of the pump with the electric motor are unscrewed. After performing these operations, you can remove the unit from the foundation.

4. SAFETY

4.1 Safety when stopping the machine

When stopping the equipment, check the pump for faults, grounding. Do not attempt any troubleshooting with the pump filled with fluid.

Check the rotation of the shaft of the unit, the shaft must turn freely by hand. When carrying out repair work, the pump must be completely disconnected from the mains.

4.2 Safety measures after starting up the equipment

While the unit is running:

All rotating parts must be guarded.

LIST OF USED SOURCES

1 Glovatsky O.Ya. Ochilov R.A. Improving the operation of large pumping stations, M.: Izd. TsBNTI of the Ministry of Water Resources, 1990

2 Large axial and centrifugal pumps. Installation, operation, other benefits. M. : Mashinostroenie, 1997.

3 Pumps and pumping stations / Ed. A.F. Chebaevsky. M .: Agrprom, 1991.

4 Centrifugal and axial pumps: a Handbook. M.: Ed. TsBNTI of the Ministry of Water Resources, 1989

5 Rakhimlevich Z.Z. Pumps in the chemical industry: Handbook pos. M.: Chemistry, 1990.

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Introduction

Significance and prospects for the development of the country's electric power industry

CURRENT STATUS AND MAIN PROBLEMS OF THE POWER INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA. The basis of the production potential of the Russian electric power industry is more than 700 power plants with a total installed capacity of 225 GW and power transmission lines of different voltage classes with a length of more than 2.5 million km. About 90% of this potential is concentrated in the UES of Russia, which is a unique technical complex that provides electricity to consumers in the main part of the inhabited territory of the country. The structure of generating capacities of Russian power plants is dominated by thermal power plants, whose share in installed capacity is 68.4%, the share of nuclear power plants is 10.6% and the share of hydraulic power plants is 21%. About 80% of the generating capacities of thermal power plants in the European part of Russia (including the Urals) operate on gas and fuel oil, while in the Eastern part of Russia more than 80% of the generating capacities of thermal power plants operate on coal. PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POWER INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA for the period up to 2030 V.A. Barinov, Dr. tech.. Sci., Head of Department, OAO ENIN im. G.M. Krzhizhanovsky” The reform of the electric power industry, carried out since 1991, has led to a deterioration in the economic performance of the industry. Since 1991, the relative losses of electricity in electric networks for its transportation have increased by more than 1.5 times. The specific number of personnel in the industry increased by more than 1.5 times. The efficiency of the use of capital investments has decreased by more than 2 times. The commissioning of new and replacement generating capacities has been significantly reduced. The commissioning of new generating capacities at Russian power plants from 1992 to 2008 amounted to 24 thousand MW, which is on average about 1400 MW per year, that is, significantly (about 5 times) less than the commissioning of generating capacities, which were 60-80- th years of the last century. As a result for last years there has been a significant increase in electricity tariffs, and they are close to tariffs in the United States and other countries. One of the main reasons for the decrease in the economic efficiency of the functioning and development of the Russian electric power industry is the current lack of an effective system of industry management in the context of the formation of numerous owners of electric power facilities, which would ensure that minimization of the costs of development and operation of the electric power industry, which was ensured by the previous centralized system of industry management. Other industry issues are:

* an avalanche-like increase in the aging process of the main equipment of power plants and electrical networks;

* the presence of a shortage of generating and network capacities in a number of regions of the country;

* complication of the problem of ensuring the reliability of the UES, IPS, regional energy systems due to a radical change in the ownership structure in regional energy analysis and forecasts14 systems, which before the reform of the electric power industry were vertically integrated companies;

* aggravation of the conditions for regulating the variable part of the daily load schedules;

* extremely high dependence of the electric power industry on natural gas;

* a sharp reduction in the scientific and technical potential of the industry;

* a significant reduction in building capacity;

* reduced potential in the sectors of domestic power engineering and electrical engineering, a serious backlog in the development, development and implementation of new technologies for the production, transport and distribution of electricity. Under these conditions, the main strategic task facing the country's electric power industry is the choice of strategically correct decisions on the development of the electric power industry, the mechanisms and structure of its management, ensuring the country's electric power security, sustainable development and efficient functioning of the electric power industry in the conditions of the resource base being built. Strategic goals for the development of the Russian electric power industry for the period up to 2030. These goals include:

* Ensuring the energy security of the country and regions;

* meeting the needs of the country's economy and population in electrical energy(power);

* ensuring the reliability of the Russian power supply system;

* innovative renewal of the industry, aimed at ensuring high energy, economic and environmental efficiency of production, transport, distribution and use of electricity.

To achieve the strategic goals of the development of the electric power industry, it is necessary to solve the following main tasks:

* ensuring the widespread introduction of new highly efficient technologies for the production, transport and distribution of electricity and, thereby, the construction of the electric power industry at a qualitatively new technological level;

* creation of an effective system for managing the functioning and development of the UES and the power industry of the country as a whole, ensuring the minimization of costs;

* Ensuring an effective state policy in the electric power industry;

* diversification of the resource base of the electric power industry by expanding the niche to increase the share of coal in the production of electricity at TPPs, expanding the use of nuclear power plants, hydroelectric power plants and non-traditional renewable energy sources;

* balanced development of generating capacities and electrical networks, providing the required level of reliability of power supply to consumers;

* further development of the UES of Russia;

* development of small-scale power generation in the zone of decentralized energy supply by increasing the efficiency of using local energy resources, developing the power grid, and reducing the consumption of imported light oil products;

* development and implementation of a price containment mechanism due to technological innovative development industry, reducing the cost of building generating and network capacities, creating an effective management system;

* reduction negative impact of the electric power industry on the environment based on the application of the best existing and promising technologies.

Innovative technologies Strategic development priorities innovative technologies in the industry are as follows: In the field of development of thermal generation technologies:

* Creation of modern, efficient and powerful gas turbines based on the intensification of our own developments, obtaining licenses for the development of their production in Russia and, as a result, the creation of new combined cycle gas turbines, which will save about 30% of fuel.

* Development of cogeneration sources of heat supply using gas turbines of medium and low power and waste heat boilers for the generation of electrical and thermal energy, which will ensure the fuel utilization factor at these plants is about 90%.

* Mastering modern technologies combustion of coals with supercritical steam parameters, which will lead to a reduction in fuel consumption by 7-10%.

* Development of coal gasification technologies, which will increase the efficiency up to 46-52%.

* Mastering technologies for burning coal in a fluidized bed, which will improve environmental performance.

* Development of energy-technological technologies for the use of solid fuels - coals and shale, which will make it possible to obtain, in addition to electricity, artificial liquid fuels, high-calorie gas and solid residues (semi-coke and ash).

In the field of development of hydropower technologies:

* Creation of large, highly efficient variable-speed hydroelectric units with a capacity of up to 1000 MW, providing high technical and economic indicators and reducing the cost of electricity production, which will increase the efficiency of generators up to 99% and reduce the unit cost of building power plants.

* Development and manufacture of a complex of highly efficient equipment for reversible hydroelectric storage units with variable speed of rotation and a unit capacity of 300-350 MW, which makes it possible to ensure high maneuverability in generator and pumping modes, which will make it possible to increase efficiency, reduce the unit cost of building power plants.

* Development of hydraulic equipment for tidal power plants, primarily efficient orthogonal turbines and means of constructing a TPP using floating blocks, which will make it possible to start mastering the energy of the tides.

* Creation of highly efficient automatic systems for monitoring the condition of equipment and hydraulic structures to ensure the reliable operation of hydroelectric power plants. In the field of development of nuclear energy technologies:

For the next period (20-25 years), the following will be used as the main ones:

* pressurized water-cooled reactors of the VVER type and their modifications;

* fast neutron reactors with liquid metal coolant;

* high-temperature reactors with helium coolant.

ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS № 3 (322), 2010 15 The strategic directions of nuclear power development are:

* closure of the nuclear cycle;

* creation of thermonuclear reactors (international thermonuclear experimental reactor - ITER, demonstration power reactor - DEMO).

Tasks of the energy economy of the enterprise

Main tasks energy farms are: reliable and uninterrupted supply of the enterprise with all types of energy of the established parameters at minimal cost.

The energy supply of the enterprise has specific features due to the peculiarities of energy production and consumption:

¦ energy production, as a rule, should be carried out at the time of consumption;

¦ energy must be delivered to workplaces uninterruptedly and in the required quantity. Interruptions in the supply of energy cause a cessation of the production process, a violation of technology;

¦ Energy is consumed unevenly throughout the day and year. This is caused by natural conditions (summer and winter periods, day, night) and the organization of production;

¦ the power of energy production installations should ensure maximum consumption.

According to the nature of use, energy can be: technological, motor (power), heating, lighting and sanitary-ventilation. For industrial enterprises, energy consumption for motor and technological purposes is of the greatest importance. As the driving force of technological and handling equipment, mainly electricity is used, and in a small amount, steam and compressed air.

Various types of energy and energy carriers are used at all stages of product manufacturing technology. At the same time, the unity and interdependence of technology and energy is the most characteristic feature of the majority production processes industrial enterprise. Among the consumers of electricity, it is necessary to include such areas of production as low-voltage means of communication: telephones, radio, dispatching communications.

All energy-consuming enterprises must draw up an energy passport, which is a regulatory and economic document approved in accordance with a single state form. Such a passport reflects all the basic information about the energy management of the enterprise and evaluates the efficiency of the use of fuel and energy resources at the facilities of the enterprise.

The tasks of the repair facilities of the enterprise

The main objective of the functioning of the repair facilities of the enterprise is to ensure the uninterrupted operation of the equipment. The maintenance service in the enterprise management system is subordinate to the chief engineer. It includes: the repair and restoration base of the enterprise, warehouses, workshops and general plant departments of the repair facilities (technological, equipment, dispatching).

Depending on the scale of production, the repair and restoration base of the enterprise may contain a mechanical repair shop that repairs technological equipment; a repair and construction shop that repairs buildings, structures, industrial, warehouse and service premises; an electrical repair shop subordinate to the chief power engineer and performing repairs of power equipment, as well as warehouses for equipment and spare parts. In addition, in the shops it is advisable to create repair bases subordinate to the shop mechanic, the main task of which is to maintain the process equipment in working condition, carry out routine inspections, and various repair work.

The general factory departments of the repair facilities are subordinate to the chief mechanic along with the repair and mechanical and repair and construction shops. Together with these subdivisions, it is possible to organize a preventive maintenance bureau and a planning and production bureau in his service.

Typical works for the repair facilities of the enterprise are:

* certification and certification of equipment;

* development of technological processes of repair and their equipment;

* planning and execution of maintenance and repair of equipment;

* equipment upgrade

Electrical installation is a complex of electrical work performed, the purpose of which is, as a result, the complete implementation of a previously conceived plan or project into reality. It is also worth saying that there are many different types of electrical installation and electrical work. Let's say for example: electrical installation of residential premises, electrical installations and equipment, electrical installation of entire systems, and so on. In a word, the word electrical installation should be understood as the assembly, installation, laying of any electrical equipment, its parts, materials, systems, for the purpose of further use.

1. Brief description of electrical equipment at the facility

1.1 Production technology and workshop characteristics

1. Construction part:

Table 1

Characteristics of the building part

The name of a room	Room size A x B x H, m	Room area S, m 2	Structural elements	Floor thickness	Note
			Foundation		Bearing structures
						Overlappings
Metalworking room
Domestic premises
Master's room
Shop manager's room

1.2 Description technological process

Submersible pumps are quite easy to use, however, to ensure their trouble-free and long-term operation, it is important to carry out regular maintenance of the equipment. With proper installation, intervention in the operation of the pump will not take quite a long time. However, if the downhole pump for the well is incorrectly selected or poorly installed, it may need to be replaced in the near future, so it is better to trust the installation process of such equipment to specialists.

A common reason leading to the need to replace the pump is improper operation, as well as serious installation flaws. Sometimes (as a rule, during non-professional installation) deep-well pumps fall into the well. In this case, the removal of the pump will require the involvement of specialized equipment. This process can be complicated if the pump gets stuck in the well due to a size mismatch.

Cheap and low-quality submersible pumps for wells can quickly fail due to power surges. Pumps that do not have built-in dry-running protection can break down during groundwater level fluctuations, so if the equipment is purchased for use in an area for which such fluctuations are typical, it is better to take care of protection in advance.

Hydromontazh specialists will promptly and professionally perform both installation and repair or replacement of deep-well pumps. In the process of removing equipment from the well, video diagnostics are used to clarify the causes of malfunctions.

Model	Power	Turnovers	Pricecapitalrepairunit(rub)

ETsV 5-6.5-120
ETsV 6-6.3-120











ETsV 10-63-110
ETsV 10-63-150

1.3 Description of the electrical installation submersible pump ETsV 6-10-80

Borehole pumps ETsV are pumps designed for operation in wells with an internal diameter of more than 4 inches. Designed for water with a total mineralization of not more than 1500 mg / l, temperature up to 25 ° C, mass fraction of solid mechanical impurities - not more than 0.01%.

Pump diameter ETsV 6-10-80 - 6 inches

Productivity - 10.00 m3\h

Lifting height - 80

Power - 4 kW

Weight - 66 kg

The working point of the pump is a productivity of 10.00 m3 / h from 80 meters. A starter is required to start the pump.

1.5 Development of technological maps by types of electrical work

1.5.1 General information

System automatic water supply consists of the following key elements:

1) water pump

2) check valve

3) pipe, rope and cable

4) automation unit:

pressure switch

membrane tank

manometer

mounting elements

On most sites on the Internet dedicated to autonomous systems water supply, they write that it is very difficult to assemble such systems and only experienced specialists can do this. We, on our website, will show that there is nothing complicated in this. And to assemble such a system is within the power of any person.

2) Any water supply starts from a well. We recommend using casing pipes with a diameter of at least 133 mm (159 diameter is even better). This is justified by the fact that in this case you get maximum freedom in choosing a pump, as well as minimize possible difficulties during installation (associated with bending and narrowing of pipes).

Strongly we advise you to require a passport for the well, where its main parameters are indicated. The main characteristics necessary for the correct selection of the pump are: generaldepthwells, distancebeforemirrorswater(dynamic water level) or before mainwater-bearinglayer(static water level), because distance to the water table may vary seasonally) and magnitudedebitwells(i.e. the supply of water in it).

In the picture above:

1 - distance to the water surface ( dynamiclevel water);

2 - distance to the main water-bearing layer ( staticlevel water);

3 - total depth of the well.

It is very important that the distance from the main water-bearing layer to the bottom is at least five meters (preferably more). This is due to the fact that, otherwise, the pump can pump out all the water from the well and start running dry, which will lead to the failure of most standard pumps. In addition, with a slight depth of the pump (less than 1 meter), some pumps may simply not start working due to airlock in the pump housing.

3) The next step is pump selection.

Submersible pumps on the well strongly recommend install only centrifugal , because these pumps calculated work With system automation and provide You everyone necessary parameters on the output, outside dependencies from parameters your wells. On the market v big quantity represented vibrating pumps, but such pumps are used v mostly forprimary pumping wells, or how pump for filling containers. Such pumps have low performance (400-500 liters v hour), faster wear out due to features valve-piston systems, a also have more short parameter on recommended quantity on-off v hour, what leads To enough frequent exits from building. Therefore, further, speaking of submersible pumps, we will mean only centrifugal pumps.

3.1) The main parameter that allows you to choose the right pump is the distance from the surface of the earth (house level) to the water surface (dynamic water level). If the water level can fluctuate greatly during water consumption, then we recommend taking into account the distance to the main water-bearing layer (static water level). As practice shows, in the vast majority of cases, it is enough for you to take into account the distance to the water surface, without much bother additional options(if you have any doubts, it is better to just buy a pump more powerful than the minimum recommended).

Most manufacturers indicate in the passport data the maximum characteristics of the pumps (which are most often displayed in the name of the pump). There are only two such characteristics: pressure and performance. Head is measured in meters, performance in liters or cubic meters (cubic meters). But here veryimportant to understand a simple thing - these maximum characteristics do not happen in practice. To put it simply, the maximum head of the pump is the dead point of the rise of water during the pump tests (i.e. its performance at this moment is zero liters per minute), and the maximum performance is the pumping of liquid without raising water to a height through the maximum diameter.

These characteristics of the pump are displayed on the characteristic curves of the pump, which are usually given in the data sheet for the pump. They look like this:

(This is an example of the SQ 3 submersible pump range from the Danish company Grundfos).

The point on the curve where the pump will actually operate depends on the characteristics of the system in which it is installed. This point will be in the middle of the graph:

On the graph, an area is highlighted in gray, showing the range of characteristics in which your pump will operate (the exact value will depend on the specific parameters of the system (pipe diameters, distance to the water table, distance to water points, etc.).

For example, we specifically chose Grundfos SQ pumps, because this manufacturer in the name of the pumps gives the characteristics of the pump that the user receives in reality, and not on paper, for example: pump SQ 3-80 means that the pump pumps water with a capacity of three tons (cubic meters) per hour with a head of 80 meters (8 atmospheres ). Although, if we turn to the characteristic curve of this pump (or look at its passport), we will see that the maximum productivity of this pump is 4.4 cubic meters per hour, and the maximum head is 108 meters of pressure. We would see the last figures in the passport of all pump manufacturers. These maximum parameters mislead many people when choosing a pump.

3.2) Therefore, we will show how quicklyandsimply choose a pump for your well without getting into the jungle of pump characteristics. normal pressure v system homemade water supply counts pressure v 2-3 atmosphere , That's why:

If the depth is up to the water table:

does not exceed 20 meters, then we choose a pump with a maximum head notless 50 meters (47-54 for different manufacturers).

does not exceed 30 meters, then we choose a pump with a maximum head notless 70 meters (67-72 meters for different manufacturers).

does not exceed 50-55 meters, then we choose a pump with a maximum head notless 90 meters (90-94 meters for different manufacturers).

does not exceed 90 meters, then we choose a pump with a maximum head notless 130 meters (134, 144, etc.).

from 100 and more - here you will have to delve into the characteristics of the pump more carefully.

On the market, most manufacturers have pumps with a maximum head of 32-34 meters - such pumps usually go to wells with a distance of 5-10 meters to the mirror, but in systems automatic water supply, we do not recommend you to install such pumps, because. the need to install a filtration system usually leads to a sharp drop in the performance of such pumps. This is confirmed by our practice. Moreover, most manufacturers indicate directly in the passports that such pumps notintended forautomaticsystemswater supply.

For references :

v average pumps With maximum pressure near 50-55 meters give real pressure v 40-45 meters;

With pressure 67-75 meters give on the output 50-55 meters;

With pressure 90-94 meters - near 70-75 meters and etc.

To right pick up pump, we from real quantities pressure take away 20 meters (it magnitude necessary US pressure on the output) and we get expedient value distances before mirrors water (at more her meaning should take more powerful pump).

3.3) Now consider in more detail the issue of pump performance:

Normal requirement for any residential building (cottage) with up to 8 people does not exceed 2 tons water per hour. On the Internet, on many sites, including pump manufacturers, you will find various calculations on how to choose the right pump depending on the points of consumption for a private house. But here we meet with a great deal of cunning or misunderstanding. The bottom line is that most submersible pumps on the market have a maximum capacity of 3-4 cubic meters per hour, i.e. the actual performance of such pumps during operation is 1.5-2.5 cubic meters per hour. Moreover, the standard line of pumps from most manufacturers comes with the same performance, but with different pressure. Those. in practice, we do not need to worry about the number and volume of water points at all, but we should focus on the correct selection of the pump by pressure (see above). The only exception here will be the use of pumps for industrial and industrial needs.

Let's show it in numbers:

Water consumption standards depending on the type of water consumption:

sink - 12 liters per minute

shower - 10 l/m

bathroom - 15 l/m

toilet bowl 3-6 l/m

the volume of the middle bath - 150 liters

the volume of water required for a shower per person - 60-80 liters

washing machine - 50 liters per wash.

A) Let's first calculate the maximum volume of water we need per hour:

Let two people take a bath and shower (1), one just take a shower (2), we will wash the dishes for 15 minutes at this hour (3), we will go to the toilet five times (4), we will wash once (5) (in practice, everything this is unlikely):

(150+80)*2+80+15*12+5*6+50=460+80+180+30+50=800 liters. And we remember that the actual performance of the pump is 1500-2500 liters, i.e. we have at least twice the maximum performance margin.

B) Consider now the maximum one-time load on the pump:

pump performance - 25-40 liters per minute. Those. The performance of a standard pump is enough for 2-3 simultaneously operating points of water consumption without loss of performance. But we still have a hydraulic tank, which helps to compensate for the loss of productivity with short-term additional sources of water intake. Taking into account the total need for the volume of water (point a), we get that the standard performance of the pumps is quite enough for us for any household purposes.

3.4 ) It should be noted that many lines of pumps with a maximum head of up to 90-95 meters come with a cable (from 20 to 65 meters). The length of the cable in such cases is usually equal to the maximum distance from the surface of the earth to the water at which the pump can be used in automatic water supply systems.

One of the most famous pumps on Russian market are Grundfos pumps. As mentioned above, this manufacturer’s name contains real user parameters, therefore, for such pumps, it is enough to subtract 20 meters from the pressure value to get the maximum distance to the water at which we can use the pump to create automatic system. For instance, Grundfos pump SQ 2-70: 70-20=50. Those. this pump can be used for automatic water supply if the distance to the water does not exceed 50 meters.

4) Let us now turn to the consideration of the issue of completing and installing the pump with automation and accessories.

Key elements of automation and their purpose:

Check valve - prevents pressure relief in the system in the absence of water consumption

pressure switch - turns on / off the pump

membrane tank - ensures the cycling of the pump (creates a short-term supply of water), prolongs the life of the pump.

4.1 ) Check valve installation:

The check valve is installed directly on the pump:

Standard threads on pumps are 1” (25mm) or 11/4” (32mm) inches.

Note: standard carving always are measured v inches and on internal diameter. So, if You decide produce froze pipes caliper, then your result should decrease on the the size (happened about 32 mm - it means, what at You 25th pipe (inch) a if near 40 mm - then it 32nd pipe (inch With quarter)).

4.2) Installation of pipe, cable and cable:

1. Standard pipe for water supply systems - HDPE 32 (polyethylene low pressure diameter 32). Such a pipe is inexpensive, is food-grade, holds loads well, is easy to install and does not burst when frozen. Diameter 32 is actually an inch (25), but we recommend installing it on pumps with an outlet diameter of 11/4 (32mm), as such a narrowing is not significant, as practice has proven. Also, adapters for the 32nd pipe are always easy to find on sale, unlike the 40s. We lead such a pipe from the pump to automation. After automation, the wiring will go already with the pipe on which you decided to use for the system (polypropylene, iron, copper, etc.). The diameter of the pipe for internal wiring is ½ inch (15 mm).

2. The cable is recommended to be used exclusively from stainless steel, diameter - 3-5 mm. Although some use braided cable (the price is much lower), but we would not recommend doing this, because. the likelihood of damage to the braid and rotting of the cable remains.

2.1 Cable clamps are usually of two types:

Both clamps justified themselves in practice. The main thing is that the clamps should be placed from stainless steel. We put two up (on the head or mounting fittings), two on the pump. The cable between the clamps is recommended not to be tight.

3 The cable for the pump is either flat or round:

If the pump has a cable in the kit, then for pumps with built-in ROM (starter-protective device) it is usually a round three-wire cable, with ROM boxes placed upwards it is a flat four-wire cable. There are no problems with mounting ROM boxes - everything is written in the instructions, and so that you don’t get confused - usually the terminals in the ROM box are also painted in the colors of the cable.

4 We install the pipe, cable and cable by fastening them together every meter (indenting 1.5-2 meters at the beginning and end) with reinforced tape:

In this case, there is no fundamental difference between high-quality adhesive tape and cheap one - branded adhesive tape, of course, is stronger, but this will not affect the quality of work. Therefore, it is up to you to decide which adhesive tape you will use (the main thing is that it be reinforced).

5 We fasten the cable at the end of the well either to the head or to the fittings (etc.) - it's up to you.

3) Selection of a membrane tank for the system:

For standard pumps, the minimum allowable tank is 50 liters. This is due to the fact that the number of on-off times per hour for pumps is usually in the range of 15-25 times. So smaller size tank puts a greater load on the pump, leading to its faster wear. But we would recommend you to take a tank of at least 80-100 liters (the larger the tank, the less the pump works and the pressure in the system changes more smoothly). With this size, the cycling of the pump is at a normal level, while significantly leveling the pressure drop in the system (the pressure switch has a difference between switching on and off of about 1.4 bar, respectively, the pressure in the system constantly changes by this value).

Important: pressure in the tank before starting the system - 1,5 atmosphere. Even if the tank has the recommended pressure of 2 atmospheres (bar), we would still recommend that you keep the pressure in the tank at 1.5 atmospheres (max 1.7). This is due to the fact that more pressure leads to an actual reduction in the size of the tank. For example, at a pressure of 2.7 atm. The tank, upon reaching a cut-off pressure of 3 atmospheres (this is the standard cut-off pressure), will actually be empty due to the high air density. This will cause the pump to turn on and off frequently.

Howoftenshouldpump uphydraulic tank:

the hydraulic tank should be pumped up when the on-off time of the pump during water consumption increases. In this case, you:

1 Turn off the pump

2 Open the tap(s) to freely drain the water from the system (this is mandatory, because water is not compressed under pressure)

3 With a car pump, pump up the membrane tank to a pressure of 1.5 atmospheres

4 Start the system again.

You often meet and v networks, and v instructions on exploitation pumps recommendations, what membrane tank should pump up once v three months (or any another term). But here important understand, what these recommendations akin to that what someone would recommended wheel your his car pump up v such and such term.

What moreimportant when selecting and installing a hydraulic tank:

a) water in membrane tank does not come into contact with the walls of the tank itself, being in a rubber membrane (tank):

But we take water from the depth, and we usually put the tank indoors. Therefore, condensate forms inside the tank, which leads to the corrosion process. The thinner the walls of the hydraulic tank (i.e., the lighter the hydraulic tank itself), the faster it will rot.

B) with tank sizes of 100 or more, the size of the membrane flange is very important: if you purchase a capacious hydraulic tank, but with a small flange diameter, problems for your nerve cells when replacing it are guaranteed.

C) in large tanks (usually from 100 liters) there are stepped membranes that are attached both from the side of the flange and from the opposite side. In this case, the tank has an additional thread (for tanks of 100-200 liters, this is usually ½ inch). If the thread is without a plug, just screw on the plug so that water does not run from this outlet.

4.4 ) Installation of the pump on/off unit:

Here are two standard installation schemes.

1 If we take a horizontal tank, then the automation can be mounted using standard five-pin fittings:

At the same time, it is convenient to move the pressure switch away:

Automation by elements:

2 If the tank is vertical, then it is convenient to mount the automation on the wall:

Same for the elements:

Recommendation: as practice shows, it is very useful to put a ball valve directly on the tank (if the tank is vertical, then a corner and a valve). The point here is that if something starts to run during start-up or during operation, you do not need to wait until the water runs out of the hydraulic tank - just turn off the tap. Note: the normal volume of water in the hydraulic tank is 30-40% of its volume. In this case, it should be taken into account that the value of the volume of fluid drained from the hydraulic tank between turning off and turning on the pump is less than this value. This value will depend on the parameters set on the relay, as well as the pressure in the hydraulic tank.

4.5 ) Adjustment and installation of the pressure switch:

1 Pressure switch with the cover removed (to remove the cover, unscrew the relay screw

For accessionwires let's look at the relay in more detail:

We connect the wires from the pump to the upper terminals (with the inscription Motor; if not signed - that is, there is a diagram on the top cover, if not - then just remember that the upper terminals are for the pump).

From the network, we connect the wires to the middle terminals (labeled Line).

We connect the ground wires to the two lower metal terminals.

2 Settingrelaypressure:

The setting range of a standard pressure switch is in the range of 1-5 atmospheres (bar).

We have two springs to adjust:

Large (P) - is responsible for the switching pressure.

Small (? P) - is responsible for the difference between the pressure on and off.

By tightening the spring clockwise, we increase the parameter, weakening it counterclockwise, we decrease it.

Let's explain with an example:

Let us have the factory settings of the pump 1.4-2.6 (where 1.4 is the pump on pressure, and 2.6 is the shutdown pressure). The difference between switching on and off is thus 1.2 atmospheres (bar). For brevity, let's call the difference PBO.

Large spring adjustment ( R):

Without changing PBO = 1.2, we can use this spring to change the starting pressure, for example:

By clamping the spring clockwise, we can get the values: 1.6-2.8 1.7-2.9 2-3.2 and so on. By loosening the spring counterclockwise, we can get the values: 1.3-2.5 1.2-2.4 and so on.

Small spring adjustment ( ?R):

Without changing the starting pressure (in our example it is 1.4), we can increase or decrease the cut-out pressure, for example:

Clamping the spring clockwise, we can get the values: 1.4-2.7 1.4-2.8 1.4-3 and so on. By loosening the spring counterclockwise, we can get the values: 1.4-2.5 1.4-2.4 and so on.

As you can see, everything is extremely simple and accessible to anyone. The only thing is that the adjustment takes place empirically - twisted, checked

6) Well, in fact, everything you need to know for installing an automatic system with a submersible pump.

In conclusion, we give an approximate installation scheme:

1.5.2 Repair of electrical equipment

It is known that the motor in the design is made in a single-phase version with a starting and working winding. A capacitor with a capacity of up to 40 microfarads is mounted in the starting winding. First, you should check the free rotation of the motor shaft with the blades. Usually, getting into the snail and under the blades of small fractions causes the shaft to jam and the stator winding to burn out. If the shaft rotates normally, then Bottom part the motor with the impeller is going into place.

The upper part of the electric motor is disassembled by hand in a vertical position so that oil does not leak out. After unscrewing the nuts, wires and a starting capacitor are found under the cover. By measuring an ohmmeter, it turns out that the resistance of the working winding, for example, is 15 ohms, and the starting winding is 35 ohms. If the resistance shows infinity, then there is a winding break. With a very small resistance - interturn circuit. If the windings are intact, you need to check the starting capacitor. It is possible that there is a break inside the capacitor, which is replaced. Deep pump will definitely work.

In general, a qualified approach, a little technical knowledge and properly growing hands will definitely give results. After all, to disassemble the unit, to establish a diagnosis - there is already a skill.

1.5.3 Maintenance

Operation and maintenance artesian wells is carried out in accordance with the operating instructions, which the organization that drilled the artesian well must draw up and attach to the as-built documentation.

The performance monitoring of water supply system pumps is carried out in accordance with Section 6 of this RD.

Buildings, devices and industrial buildings water supply systems should be inspected within the time limits established by regulatory documents and instructions, but at least once every 6 months, with cleaning of water supply systems. The results of the inspection and measures to eliminate the detected malfunctions must be recorded in the form.

When monitoring the performance of artesian wells, a chemical and bacteriological analysis of water is carried out (once every 3 months, unless there are special instructions from the sanitary supervision authorities).

Before being put into operation after repair, water pipelines are subjected to hydraulic tests for strength and tightness with a pressure equal to 1.25R slave.

Preparation of the water supply system for operation in winter period should be carried out in accordance with the action plan for the operation of PS in the cold season. Fittings, pipelines, water tanks must be protected from freezing.

The frequency and typical scope for maintenance and repair of the water supply system are presented in table 11.1.

Table 1

Frequency and typical scope of maintenance and repair of the water supply system

Typical scope of work

Water supply system
Cleaning equipment and the surrounding area from dirt
Pump Health Monitoring
Checking the condition of reinforced concrete tanks of household and drinking water supply
Checking the serviceability and cleanliness of valves, gates and gates
Checking the tightness of shut-off valves
Checking the health of the art well equipment (check valve, gate valve, water meter, etc.)
Checking the performance of filters
Checking the operability of the bactericidal installation, tank, water supply networks (detection of leaks)
Checking the serviceability of manholes, the presence of manhole covers
Inspection of the condition of gravity and siphon pipelines by comparing the water levels in the coastal well and the reservoir (an increase in the difference in levels and the removal of sediment into the well are signs of pipeline clogging)
Stuffing glands and tightening nuts of shut-off valves
Troubleshooting a Sodium Cation Filter Leak
Elimination of leaks in the bactericidal installation, cleaning from precipitation (bottom) and fouling (walls)
Removing dirt from manholes
Installing missing manhole covers
Elimination of leaks in the water supply
Replacement of individual sections of pipelines in the amount of not more than 20% of the length
Cleaning the water intake part of the well from clogging and silting
Repair of submersible pumps
Replacement of individual parts of stop valves
Cleaning and washing filters
Removing precipitation from the tank
Repair of inlet and outlet pipelines, gate valves, gates and gate valves of reinforced concrete tanks of domestic and drinking water supply
Repair of running brackets, stairs, mouths of water supply wells, plastering of wells
Replacement of hatches, covers of water supply wells
Dismantling of the worn-out pipeline and laying of a new pipeline
Replacement of worn fittings, flanges, gaskets of stuffing box compensators
Complete restoration of the anti-corrosion coating and thermal insulation of the water supply
Inspection of the technical condition of casing pipes of art wells
Restoring the performance of an art well
Tank repair
Note - Technical inspections of water supply systems are carried out: by the duty personnel of the PS - 1 time per day (external sections of pipelines available for visual inspection are examined: sections where there are temporary repair structures, as well as non-normative connecting parts and welded elements (vents, branch pipes and etc.), places of installation of devices, external sections of the water supply with thermal insulation, etc.); service engineers - once a week (with each round they inspect separate sections pipelines, and the entire length of the pipelines must be inspected within a month); deputy head of the PS - 2 times a month (with each round, individual sections of pipelines are inspected, and the entire length of the pipelines must be inspected within three months); by the head of the PS - 1 time per month with a general bypass of the PS.

sewerage system

The system of domestic and industrial sewerage must ensure the removal of wastewater from the places of their formation to treatment facilities.

Monitoring the performance of household and industrial sewerage systems includes an external and internal inspection of the state of the systems.

An external inspection is carried out at least once a month by bypassing sewerage routes and inspecting the external condition of devices and structures, an internal inspection is carried out twice a year, mainly in spring and autumn with an inspection of the internal condition of manholes, emergency outlets, chambers, flyovers, passages, channels.

The amount of wastewater discharged into the sewer should not exceed the value specified in the water disposal standards.

It is not allowed to dump sediments from tank cleaning into the sewerage network.

The performance monitoring of sewage system pumps is carried out in accordance with Section 6 of this RD.

The frequency and typical scope for maintenance and repair of the sewerage system are presented in table 11.2.

Table 11.2

Frequency and typical scope of work on maintenance and repair of the sewerage system

Typical scope of work	Periodicity of work performance


sewerage system
Checking the performance of sewage pumps
Checking the degree of tightening of bolts fastening to the frame or foundation
Checking the serviceability and cleanliness of manholes
Checking the tightness of the covers to the hatches
Checking the technical condition of the necks of the brackets and ladders of manholes
Checking the tightness of the hydraulic seal
Checking the absence of explosive and asphyxiating gases in wells
Assessment of the degree of filling of pipes and the presence of backwater (flooding)
Checking for blockages and other disturbances visible from the ground
Checking the absence of blockages on the route at the locations of wells and in trays for the removal of industrial waste from the pump room
Visual inspection of the condition of the tanks of drainage pits and gratings
Cleaning equipment and territory from dirt, snow, ice
Removal of foreign objects from manholes
Replacement of defective parts and components of equipment
Tightening the mechanical seal of pumps
Pump alignment
Restoration of tightness of manhole covers
Cleaning the drainage grid from delayed discharges
Restoring the serviceability of the discharge head of the sewer collector, cleaning the mouth from silt and foreign objects
Removing dirt from valves
Tightening glands
Checking the health of the water seal (checking or replacing gaskets, sealing the sockets of the water seal)
Plaster of water seals
Inspection of the internal condition of manholes and emergency outlets of chambers, overpasses and crossings of collectors and channels
Valve maintenance
Replacement of seals and defective parts of the pump and system elements
Repair of distribution trays, gates
Sealing cracks and plastering wells
Re-laying of necks or complete alteration of wells
Stuffing glands of shut-off valves
Replacement of individual parts or complete replacement valves

What repairs are carried out on pumps, the procedure for handing over and receiving a pump from repair. The device of centrifugal pumps: types of breakdowns and repairs

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