A complex of production and non-production industries and areas of activity that ensure the process and conditions of reproduction

The first letter is "i"

Second letter "n"

The third letter "f"

The last letter of the letter is "a"

Answer to the question "Complex of production and non-production industries and areas of activity that ensure the process and conditions of reproduction", 14 letters:
infrastructure

Alternative crossword questions for the word infrastructure

Sectors of the economy, scientific and technical knowledge, social life that provide production processes and living conditions of society

Industry providing production processes

Supporting, providing structure (for example, production - workshops and services of the plant, a set of related enterprises)

Sectors of the economy that provide production processes and living conditions

Definition of the word infrastructure in dictionaries

Great Soviet Encyclopedia The meaning of the word in the dictionary Great Soviet Encyclopedia
(from Latin infra ≈ below, under and structura ≈ structure, location), a term that appeared in economic literature in the late 40s. 20th century to designate a complex of economic sectors serving industrial and agricultural industries. production (construction of highways...

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998 The meaning of the word in the dictionary Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
INFRASTRUCTURE (from Latin infra - below, under and structura - structure, location) is a set of structures, buildings, systems and services necessary for the functioning of sectors of material production and ensuring the living conditions of society. There are...

Dictionary of financial terms The meaning of the word in the dictionary Dictionary of financial terms
a complex of production and non-production industries and areas of activity that ensure the process and conditions of reproduction. It is divided into production and social.

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova. The meaning of the word in the dictionary New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.
and. A complex of economic sectors that serve production and provide the living conditions of society.

Wikipedia Meaning of the word in the Wikipedia dictionary
Infrastructure is a complex of interconnected service structures or objects that make up and/or provide the basis for the functioning of the system. According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the term has been used in English since the late 1920s, and according to...

Examples of the use of the word infrastructure in literature.

Very few people realize how much infrastructure civilization is an infrastructure of interdependence,” said Taraza.

Infrastructure"interdependence is a term that encompasses everything that is necessary for the human population to persist in its current or increased numbers," Taraza said.

Budgetary funds are formed from the portion of deductions provided for by law to local and state budgets from land taxes, payments for resources and real estate of settlements and intersettlement facilities. infrastructure, fines for violation of urban planning legislation, fees for cadastral services, as well as part of the funds allocated from the state and local budgets for information support of executive authorities.

Life will drain from our economy and society as we wear out infrastructure and fixed assets, wearing out and eating up stocks.

Bogged down in debt, the miners sold all their infrastructure mechanistic cartels.

All sectors of the national economy are divided into two large areas: production and non-production. The existence of organizations belonging to the second group (culture, education, consumer services, management) is impossible without the successful development of enterprises of the first.

Industrial sectors: definition

Enterprises that carry out activities aimed at creating material wealth belong to this part of the national economy. Also, organizations in this group carry out their sorting, movement, etc. The exact definition of the production sector is as follows: “A set of enterprises that manufacture a material product and provide material services.”

General classification

It plays a very significant role in the development of the national economy. It is the enterprises related to it that create national income and conditions for the development of intangible production. There are the following main branches of the production sector:

• industry,
• Agriculture,
• construction,
• transport,
• trade and catering,
• logistics.

Industry

This industry includes enterprises engaged in the extraction and processing of raw materials, equipment manufacturing, energy production, consumer goods, as well as other similar organizations that are a major part of such an area as the manufacturing sector. Sectors of the economy related to industry are divided into:

All industrial enterprises are classified into two large groups:

• Extractive - mines, quarries, mines, wells.
• Processing - plants, factories, workshops.

Agriculture

This is also a very important area of ​​the state’s economy, falling under the definition of “production sector”. Branches of the economy in this area are primarily responsible for the production and partial processing of food products. They are divided into two groups: livestock farming and crop farming. The structure of the first includes enterprises engaged in:

• Cattle breeding. Raising large and small livestock makes it possible to provide the population with such important food products as meat and milk.
• Pig farming. Enterprises of this group supply lard and meat to the market.
• Fur farming. The skins of small animals are mainly used to make wearable items. A very large percentage of these products are exported.
• Poultry farming. This group supplies the market with dietary meat, eggs and feathers.

Crop production includes such sub-sectors as:

• Growing grains. This is the most important sub-sector of agriculture, the most developed in our country. Agricultural enterprises of this group of production sphere are engaged in the cultivation of wheat, rye, barley, oats, millet, etc. The degree of provision of the population with such important products as bread, flour, and cereals depends on how effectively this industry will be developed.
• Vegetable growing. This type of activity in our country is carried out mainly by small and medium-sized organizations, as well as farms.
• Fruit growing and viticulture. Developed mainly in the southern regions of the country. Agricultural enterprises of this group supply fruits and wines to the market.

Sub-sectors such as potato growing, flax growing, melon growing, etc. also belong to plant growing.

Transport

Organizations in this area of ​​the national economy are responsible for the transportation of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products. It includes the following industrial sectors:

Industry− a separate sphere of science, knowledge, production. Branch of the economy - a set of enterprises producing (extracting) homogeneous or specific products using similar technologies.

All sectors of the national economy are divided into two large areas:production And non-productive. The existence of organizations belonging to the second group (culture, education, consumer services, management) is impossible without the successful development of enterprises of the first.

Enterprises that carry out activities aimed at creating material wealth belong to the industry of the production sector. Also, organizations in this group carry out their sorting, movement, etc. The exact definition of the production sector is as follows: “A set of enterprises that manufacture a material product and provide material services.”

The production sector plays a very significant role in the development of the national economy. It is the enterprises related to it that create national income and conditions for the development of intangible production. There are the following main branches of the production sector: industry, agriculture, construction, transport, trade and catering, logistics.

1 Industry. This industry includes enterprises engaged in the extraction and processing of raw materials, equipment manufacturing, energy production, consumer goods, as well as other similar organizations that are a major part of such an area as the manufacturing sector. Sectors of the economy related to industry are divided into:

− electric power industry. The enterprises included in this group are engaged in the generation and transmission of electrical energy, as well as control over its sales and consumption. The production of products of any kind without organizations carrying out similar activities is impossible.

− metallurgy. This industry, in turn, is divided into two sub-sectors: non-ferrous and ferrous. The first includes enterprises engaged in the extraction of precious metals (gold, silver, platinum), diamonds, copper, nickel, etc. Ferrous metallurgy plants produce mainly steel and cast iron.

− fuel industry. The structure of this industry includes enterprises engaged in the extraction of coal, oil and gas.

− chemical industry. Technological production of this type produces products for a wide variety of purposes. The latter can be divided into four main categories: basic and specialty chemicals, consumer goods, and life support products.

− forestry industry. This group includes enterprises that harvest logs, produce lumber, as well as paper, pulp, matches, etc.

− mechanical engineering and metalworking. Factories in this area are engaged in the manufacture of equipment, tools and machines.

− light industry. Enterprises of this group produce mainly consumer goods: clothing, shoes, furniture, etc.

− building materials industry. The main activity of factories and combines in this industry is the production of products intended for the construction of buildings and structures (concrete mixtures, bricks, blocks, plasters, insulation, waterproofing, etc.

− glass industry. The structure of this industry also includes factories for the production of porcelain and earthenware. Enterprises in this sub-industry produce dishes, sanitary ware, window glass, mirrors, etc.

All industrial enterprises are classified into two large groups:mining– mines, quarries, mines, wells; processing– combines, factories, workshops.

2 Agriculture. This is also a very important area of ​​the state’s economy, falling under the definition of “production sector”. Branches of the economy in this area are primarily responsible for the production and partial processing of food products. They are divided into two groups: livestock farming And crop production.

The structure of the first includes enterprises engaged in:

− cattle breeding. Raising large and small livestock makes it possible to provide the population with such important food products as meat and milk.

− pig farming. Enterprises of this group supply lard and meat to the market.

− fur farming. The skins of small animals are mainly used to make wearable items. A very large percentage of these products are exported.

− poultry farming. Agricultural enterprises of this group supply the market with dietary meat, eggs and feathers.

Crop production includes such sub-sectors as:

− growing grains. This is the most important sub-sector of agriculture, the most developed in our country. Agricultural enterprises of this group of production sphere are engaged in the cultivation of wheat, rye, barley, oats, millet, etc. The degree of provision of the population with such important products as bread, flour, and cereals depends on how effectively this industry will be developed.

− vegetable growing. This type of activity in our country is carried out mainly by small and medium-sized organizations, as well as farms. Fruit growing and viticulture. Developed mainly in the southern regions of the country. Agricultural enterprises of this group supply fruits and wines to the market.

Sub-sectors such as potato growing, flax growing, melon growing, etc. also belong to plant growing.

Industry and agriculture are considered the main sectors of the production sector. However, an equally important role in the country’s economy is played by enterprises and other groups that are in close cooperation with them.

3 Construction. Organizations of this group are engaged in the construction of buildings and structures. These can be objects for domestic purposes, as well as cultural, administrative or industrial. In addition, construction organizations develop designs for buildings and structures, carry out their reconstruction, expansion, major repairs, etc.

Absolutely all other branches of the production sector interact with groups of enterprises of this type. Construction companies can work both on government orders and on behalf of specific organizations or individuals.

4 Transport. Organizations in this area of ​​the national economy are responsible for the transportation of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products. It includes the following industrial sectors:

− road transport. Companies in this group mainly deliver goods over short distances.

− marine. This type of transport mainly carries out foreign trade transportation (oil and petroleum products). In addition, maritime companies serve remote areas of the country.

− rail transportation. Within the developed economic zone, trains are the main transport delivering goods over long distances.

− aviation. Companies in this area of ​​the transport industry are mainly engaged in the transportation of perishable products.

The success of the functioning of enterprises in such industries as agriculture, industry, construction, etc. directly depends on the efficiency of the transport group companies. In addition to those discussed above, this area of ​​the production sector includes organizations transporting oil, its products, gas, etc.

5Trade. An equally important role in the country's economy is played by such industrial sectors as: wholesale trade; retail; catering.

Its subjects are enterprises and organizations involved in the sale of goods produced by industry and agriculture, as well as related work and services. Catering establishments include canteens, kebab shops, cafes, restaurants, pizzerias, bistros, etc.

6 Logistics support. The main activity of the subjects of this branch of the production sphere is providing for industrial enterprises, agriculture, etc. working capital: components, packaging, spare parts, rapidly wearing equipment and tools, etc. The logistics group also includes organizations involved in supply and sales. Thus, the branches of the production sphere, the definition of which was given at the beginning of this article, are the most important components of the national economy. The effectiveness of the development of the country’s economy as a whole and, as a consequence, the growth of the well-being of its citizens directly depends on the success of the activities of their enterprises.

In the non-production sector, two groups of industries can be distinguished:

1. Industries whose services satisfy the general, collective needs of society:

− geology and subsoil exploration and water management (except for those activities that were classified as material production);

− authorities: administrative apparatus, court, prosecutor's office;

− defense;

− party and public organizations;

− science and scientific services;

− finance;

− lending and state insurance.

2. Industries whose services satisfy the cultural, everyday and social needs of the population:

− housing and communal services;

− institutions and enterprises providing consumer services to the population (passenger transport, baths, hairdressers, etc.);

− education (schools, secondary and higher educational institutions, libraries, etc.);

− cultural and art institutions (museums, theaters, cinemas, palaces, cultural centers, etc.);

− communications regarding services to the population and non-production sphere;

− institutions providing medical services to the population (clinics, hospitals, sanatoriums, etc.);

− physical culture and sports institutions;

− institutions for social welfare of the population.

Workers employed in the non-productive sphere of the national economy do not produce material goods, but their work is necessary for society and is socially useful work.

Sometimes outside the classification of industries in the production and non-production spheres, the industry "Public services" distinguished as a collecting industry, which includes enterprises included in the branches of the production and non-production spheres. From the production sector, this includes industrial enterprises that manufacture and repair personal items according to individual orders of the population, and construction organizations that construct and repair housing according to individual orders of the population. From the non-production sphere, the collective sector of consumer services for the population includes non-production activities that have the nature of purely consumer services for the population (baths, hairdressers, etc.).

Industry- a set of enterprises characterized either by the unity of purpose of the products produced, or by the commonality of technological processes, or by the homogeneity of the processed raw materials.

The emergence and death of industries and economic complexes is due to the development of the social division of labor. Highlight three shapes social division of labor.

General division of labor expressed in the division of social production on sectors of the national economy: industry, agriculture, construction, transport and communications, trade, logistics, science and scientific services, healthcare, culture, education, financial sector, etc.

Private division of labor expressed in education independent industries within industry, agriculture and other sectors of the national economy (for example, agricultural engineering).

Unit division of labor manifests itself in the division of labor directly at the enterprise (organization).

Due to the concentration of production and technological progress, the unit division of labor influences the emergence of new industries (for example, the production of microchips, mobile phones).

Main signs that distinguish one industry from another are: the economic purpose of the products produced; the nature of the raw materials and supplies consumed; technical production base and technological processes; professional staff. For example, mechanical engineering is intended to produce means of labor; food industry – food products; the metallurgical industry has a common technological process; wood processing industry – a community of processed raw materials. The formation of an industry is also determined by a sufficiently large market for a given type of product or the availability of appropriate natural resources (oil, gas, coal, timber, etc.).

In some industries (industry, agriculture, construction, forestry) goods are produced, in others – services(transport and communications; trade and catering; logistics and sales; housing and communal services and consumer services; healthcare, physical education, social security; education; culture and art; science and scientific services; finance, credit, insurance; control).

Enterprises can be part of industries and economic complexes.

Economic complex– a group of interrelated industries, sub-sectors, enterprises producing products of a single nature. For example, the engineering complex; agro-industrial complex (AIC), military-industrial complex (MIC), fuel and energy complex (FEC), construction, chemical forestry, social and consumer complexes, etc.

4. Production and non-production spheres of the national economy

The national economy is usually divided into production And non-productive sphere.

TO production sector include industries that produce goods and services that provide the basic, primarily material, needs of the population and economic entities. These are industry, agriculture, construction, freight transport, communications, trade, public catering, logistics and other sectors.

TO non-production sphere include industries that create conditions for the efficient production of material and intangible goods. These are science, education, healthcare, culture and art, finance, insurance, public administration, etc.