The electrode (another name is ionic) boiler is one of the variations of heating. It is used mainly in country houses and differs in that, instead of the usual heating elements, it is equipped with a set of electrodes, which, in fact, are engaged in heating the working fluid.This innovation made it possible to get rid of the shortcomings characteristic of electrical equipment - low productivity and short operating life. Due to the simplicity of the design, you can makeDIY electrode boiler... But before you start assembling, you should familiarize yourself with the features of its work.

Design features

From a constructive point of view, such a boiler is a small all-metal pipe with polyamide spraying (it acts as an insulator). The body is connected to the input and output of the coolant, as well as the power terminals. A set of insulated electrodes is inserted into the pipe on one side, while the other is hermetically sealed.

Consider the technical parameters of factory models.

According to the method of supplying the coolant, ionic devices can be of two types:

Video - How the boiler works

On the merits

About disadvantages

But there are also disadvantages, including:

• inability to work from emergency power supply systems;
• high requirements for the conductivity of the coolant;
• the need for grounding due to the high risk of electric shock;
• the need for special knowledge to control the operation of the device.

Also note that the ingress of air into the case can lead to a fairly rapid formation of corrosion.

Manufacturing technology. Instructions

After familiarizing yourself with the boiler device, you can try to make a similar device at home. This process is not as difficult as it might seem, but it requires the utmost care and attention. Otherwise, the finished product may be unsafe.

Stage 1. Prepare everything you need

To work, you will need the following equipment:

• electrodes;
• iron tee;
• electrode insulation (polyamide);
• neutral wire;
• clutch;
• grounding terminals;
• pipe of appropriate dimensions made of steel;
• insulation for terminals.

Note! At the preparatory stage, you should study the scheme of operation of such equipment.

Step 2. Assembling the ion boiler

Let's start with a few important points. So, the ion boiler needs grounding, as mentioned above, and also the zero cable must be supplied exclusively to the outer pipe. It is also worth remembering that the phase should only be applied to the electrodes.

With proper preparation, the assembly procedure should be straightforward.

Step 1. First, a pre-prepared pipe is taken (optimal dimensions are 25 cm in length, 8-10 cm in diameter). On the one hand, a set of electrodes is placed in the pipe, on the other, a coupling is installed to connect to the heating main.

Note! For the installation of the electrodes, a tee is required, through which the inlet / outlet of the coolant will occur.

Step 2. An insulator is installed near the electrode, which, in addition to its direct function, will simultaneously serve for additional boiler tightness.

Step 3. High quality heat-resistant plastic is used for the manufacture of the insulator. But for the device, not only tightness is important, but also the possibility of a threaded connection of the electrode with a tee. That is why it is recommended to entrust the manufacture of the insulator to an experienced specialist who will make the part in accordance with the required dimensions.

Step 4. A large bolt is welded to the body. Next, a zero cable and grounding terminals are attached to the bolt.

Note! For greater security, you can attach a second bolt similar to the first.

Step 5. After connecting to the heating system (this is done using a coupling), all that remains is to hide the finished boiler by means of a decorative coating. Such a coating is necessary not so much for aesthetics as for safety, protection from electric shock. This should not be neglected, since it is necessary to limit access to the heat generator as much as possible.

Stage 3. Installation work

At this stage, the installation of such system elements is required:

• air vents;
• pressure gauge;
• fuse.

In this case, the shut-off valves are installed after the expansion tank. The above diagram will help you to get acquainted with the connection features in more detail.

Video - DIY ion boiler

Other important points of installation.

Video - Connecting the Galagan boiler

About the used heat carrier

Electrode boilers do not need a specially prepared heat carrier; ordinary water can be used for this (provided that its resistivity does not exceed 1.3 kOhm / cm). In this regard, water still needs some preparation. So, if you pour just distilled water, then this will not bring any success, since it does not conduct electricity.

The preparation process consists in conducting experiments, as a result of which the resistance increases (baking soda is used for this, for aluminum devices - ASO-1) or decreases (melt or rain water is added).

Prices for a range of electric boilers

Electric boiler

As a conclusion

Now you know what the principle of operation of the electrode boiler is and how you can assemble such a unit at home, saving a lot of money. The main thing in the work is to strictly follow the instructions and comply with the safety requirements. In this case, no problems will arise.

Characteristics of electrode electric boilers	Hearth-2	Hearth-3	Hearth-5	Hearth-6	Geyser-9	Geyser-15	Volcano-25
The volume of the heated room (cbm)	75	120	175	200	340	550	850
Rated power consumption (kW)	2	3	5	6	9	15	25
Rated voltage (V)	220	220	220	220	380	380	380
Approximate half-year energy consumption (kW / h) (with proper thermal insulation of the room)	0,5	0,75	1,25	1,5	3	4	6,5
Maximum electric boiler current for each phase (A), frequency 50 Hz	9,1	13,7	22,7	27,3	13,7	22,7	37,5
Rated current of the automation. Electromechanical version (A)	20	26	25	32	3x16	3x25	3x40
Wire cross-section, copper (mm.kv.) 220 V	4 (220V)	4 (220V)	6 (220V)	6 (220V)	4 (380V)	4 (380V)	6 (380V)
Recommended volume of coolant in the heating system (l)	20-40	25-50	30-60	35-70	50-100	100-200	150-300
Diameter of the "Inlet" and "Outlet" branch pipes of the electrode electric boiler (mm)	25	25	25	25	32	32	32
Electric shock protection class	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Length (mm)	315	315	315	355	360	410	460
Weight (kg)	1,1	1,1	1,1	1,1	5,0	5,3	5,7

Electrode (ion) boilers are a type of electric boilers and are intended for use in autonomous heating systems. The main distinguishing feature of this heating equipment is the electrode block, which replaced the traditional heating element as a heating element.

This made it possible to eliminate some of the problems of units on heating elements - the fragility of heating elements, low efficiency, the complexity of heating control using modern types of automation.

The principle of operation of the electrode boiler

In heating equipment of this type, water is heated due to ions moving between the electrodes. When the unit is turned on, the coolant is ionized, in which the molecules decompose into ions: positive and negative. The formed ions are directed to the electrodes: negative and positive. This process is carried out with the release of heat, which is transferred to the coolant. Thus, there is a direct heating of the liquid without the participation of "intermediaries", which are heating elements.

Water, which plays the role of an element of an electrical circuit in heating units, needs special preparation to obtain the required value of electrical resistance. Preparation, as a rule, consists in adding table salt to the water.

The rise in power in ionic aggregates occurs gradually. When the coolant is heated, its electrical resistance decreases, the current increases, and the amount of heat increases.

It is possible to connect an electrode boiler in combination with other types of heating equipment: or. If necessary, a parallel connection of two or more electrode units can be used for the existing heating system.

Boiler "Galan" - a product of conversion developments

The "Galan" heating unit is produced according to the standards for military equipment, since this device is a conversion development of enterprises that produce devices for heating submarines and warships.

The Galan electrode boiler is a cylinder with a diameter of 60 mm and a length of 310 mm. The current is supplied to the unit using concentric tubular electrodes, then transferred to the coolant. The heated coolant circulates through the pipes and radiators. In heating systems with Galan electrode devices, the circulation pump serves to accelerate the heating of the coolant, and then it can be turned off.

Advantages of the Galan ion boiler:

• the presence of a built-in sensor for automatic heating control;
• high efficiency - up to 98%;
• low sensitivity to voltage drops;
• low power consumption;
• no need for approval for installation and use with boiler supervision;
• more compact than those of heating elements, dimensions;
• low cost - from $ 250-300.

A special Potok antifreeze was developed for these units. Additives to this liquid slow down the formation of scale on the walls of the device and the course of metal corrosive processes.

When installing the electrical part of the heating circuit with your own hands, you must use the "Instruction" of Glavgosenergonadzor 03/21/94, No. 42-6 / 8-ET.

"EOU" - energy-saving heating installations

"EOU" are flow-type electrode heating installations. They can be used in closed water heating systems intended for heating summer cottages, cottages, production and storage facilities with an area of ​​20-2400 m 2. EOS are excellent.

Advantages of "EOU":

• economy, efficiency is approximately 98%
• compactness, single-phase modifications are 300 mm long and 42 mm in diameter, three-phase models are 400 mm long and 108 mm in diameter;
• can be installed in a closed water heating system of any type without installing a circulation pump;
• the use of special materials guarantees the durability of the installation;
• the heating element will not fail if there was no coolant in the installation when power was applied.

In the absence, the installation of electrode-type boilers is one of the most economical and reliable options for organizing autonomous heating.

Natural gas is by far the cheapest energy source for home heating today. And where it is summed up, or where the laying of a network is planned in the near future, the owners of private houses in the overwhelming majority of cases give preference to it. But we have to admit that there is still a long way to the general gasification of housing, and many homeowners, willy-nilly, have to look for alternative sources. In regions rich in timber or coal, it becomes a way out, although in terms of ease of operation it can in no way compete with gas. Diesel fuel boilers are an expensive pleasure, and diesel fuel cannot be called cheap.

Therefore, many home owners are increasingly looking towards electric heating. Indeed, it is simply impossible to imagine a settlement in our time without electricity. That is, this source, in principle, is generally available, the installation of electrical equipment and does not require tedious conciliation procedures with regulatory organizations. Electric boilers themselves are usually compact, easy to install and operate, and the heating system becomes easily controllable, amenable to very fine settings.

The whole problem is in the rather high cost of electricity. And potential owners start looking for the most economical equipment, considering various options. So, for example, an electrode boiler for heating a private house is of great interest - almost "magical qualities" are attributed to equipment of this type. But is it worth believing? Let's take a closer look at this type of electrical heat generator.

What is an electrode boiler?

First of all, it is necessary to get an idea on what principles the work of this type is based on, to understand their structure.

What is the work of an electrode boiler based on?

The principle of operation of the electrode boiler is perfectly demonstrated by an example that many of us have probably seen with our own eyes, and many even practiced during their student or army youth. There was simply no such variety of electric kettles or other boilers, and I wanted to drink hot tea in the evening in the hostel or barracks. Yes, and all heating appliances were banned - the commandants and their assistants tirelessly watched this.

There was a way out - from two blades, several matches and a piece of cable with a plug, a mini-boiler was assembled for several minutes, which gave a very rapid heating of a glass or can of water to the boiling stage. And then such a "device" could be disassembled or simply hidden - it took up little space.

A short story about the "student boiler" is given solely as an example, and should not induce the reader to conduct such, very unsafe experiments. Yes, and there is no particular sense in this now - inexpensive industrial devices are quite enough to heat water.

An example is an example, but one should also understand what contributes to the rapid heating of water in the area of ​​electrodes immersed in it at a short distance. And everything is explained by the well-known physical phenomenon of electrolysis. When a constant voltage is connected to electrodes immersed in an electrolytic liquid medium, due to redox processes, ionization of the solution occurs and an electric current begins to pass. Positively charged ions are directed towards the cathode, negatively charged towards the anode.

The phenomenon of electrolysis underlies the principle of operation of the electrode boiler. But with significant reservations ...

The water that we use in everyday life is far from the well-known "pure" formula H₂O - in fact, it is an aqueous solution of various salts in one concentration or another. This largely depends on the quality of the source and the water treatment systems used. That is, it is a completely electrolytic solution, which, in principle, explains its conductive qualities.

But so far we have been talking about direct current. What happens if you apply alternating voltage to the electrodes? And exactly that the anode and cathode will swap places 50 times within one second (our accepted frequency of alternating current is 50 Hz). Accordingly, the ions change their direction of movement with the same periodicity. Imagine this "pandemonium" and constantly changing counter movement in a dense aqueous medium ... Due to the high resistance of the medium encountered by these charged particles, the kinetic energy of their movement is converted into thermal energy, which causes a very rapid heating of the solution.

In the technical literature, electrolytic conductors, which include non-distilled water, are commonly referred to as conductors of the second kind. But the heating of this liquid medium is considered primary - there is no "intermediate link". Just for comparison - in other electric heaters, thermal energy is transferred to water or from the surface of the heating element, or, as in induction boilers- from the body of the device. That is, the liquid plays a passive role as a heat carrier - this is secondary heating. In the scheme we are considering, the electrolyte itself is heated directly, which is located in the zone between the alternating current electrodes immersed in it.

As you can see, in the name of the boiler itself, the principle of its operation appears in a redistributed measure. By the way, you can find other names as well. In particular, such devices are often called "ionic". I probably don’t need to explain why. But it still makes sense to make a small remark.

The fact is that some manufacturers, quite understandably trying to somehow distinguish their devices, are trying to make some kind of distinction between electrode and ion boilers. Explanations are used that their ionic models are equipped with a special electronic system that monitors the degree of ionization of the solution. That is, the adjustment of the operating mode of the equipment occurs already at the level of quantitative and qualitative changes in the ionized medium.

We do not undertake to categorically judge the reliability of these statements or on operational the importance of such systems. But, to be honest, this distinction is more like a kind of marketing trick. Indeed, in any case, the boiler cannot do without a control unit, and the process of ionization of the coolant largely depends on the balance of its chemical composition. So in what follows we will assume that all information considered in an article equal measure applies to both ionic and electrode boilers, and the differences are only in terminology.

But those who, for some unknown reason, call such boilers "cathode" (or "anode" - it doesn't matter), make a fundamental mistake. The reason is already clear from the above - in the constant current mode, no significant increase in the temperature of the electrolyte is observed, and the heating device becomes fundamentally impossible.

Prices for electrode heating boiler

electrode boiler

Installation of electrode heating boilers

As we have already seen, the principle of operation of the electrode boiler is simple and straightforward. This explains the relative simplicity of its design. And despite the rather wide variety of models, including in size and power, the overwhelming majority of them are very similar in structure and even in layout.

The classic shape of an electrode boiler is a cylinder with electrodes inside. But their number may vary - depending on what type of network provides power to the heater.

In boilers operating from a single-phase 220 volt network, there is one electrode, and it is located in the center of the cylinder. The role of the second electrode in this case is taken by the walls of the cylinder themselves. Although, there are single-phase models with two electrodes separated by the required distance, and with a completely insulated case.

Most schematically widespread models of single-phase boilers with a central location of the electrode can be depicted like this:

The metal cylindrical body (pos. 1) in this case plays the role of one of the electrodes. Accordingly, it provides a terminal for connecting a neutral wire (pos. 2 ).

The cylinder is closed at one end with a sealed plug (pos. 3), which is also a platform for placement strictly in the center of the second electrode (pos. 4). Outside there is a terminal for connecting a phase conductor (pos. 5).

The coolant is supplied to the cylinder cavity through the inlet pipe (pos. 6), which for most models is located on the side, closer to the electrode block. For the outlet of the heated coolant, there is a second branch pipe (item 7), as a rule, at the end of the cylinder opposite to the electrodes. On both branch pipes, a threaded section is provided for the plumbing connection of the boiler to the heating circuit.

Some models, in addition, are enclosed in an additional housing-casing (pos. 8), which increases the degree of operational safety of the device. It is mandatory to provide a terminal for connecting to the ground loop (item 9). Typically, the body or outer casing is covered special protective polyamide compound with good dielectric characteristics.

When the heating system is operating, the circulation pump ensures the creation of a coolant flow through the working cylinder of the boiler. Passing in the space between the electrodes, the liquid heats up due to the above physical processes, and enters the heat exchange devices of the heating system - radiators, convectors, etc.

If it is required to achieve high power indicators (as a rule, more than 9 ÷ 11 kW), they resort to using three-phase electrode boilers. Their device differs only in the number and location of the electrodes.

In this case, three electrodes are involved in the work, located on the dielectric site of the end cap along the vertices of an equilateral triangle. Each of them is connected to its own phase, which provides a significantly higher voltage, and, therefore, the output power of the device. And the terminal on the body is intended for connection to the ground loop.

To a certain extent, electrodes can be attributed to consumables. More precisely, it is a removable part that can be replaced in case of failure or heavy wear. There is nothing to break there, of course, in principle, but with prolonged operation, corrosion can still do its "dirty deed".

But in terms of size, electrode boilers can vary very significantly. The smallest of them easily fit in the palm of your hand, and at the same time they are able to provide effective heating, for example, on a separate radiator for heating a specific room.

Powerful three-phase models, of course, are more overall, but they are also not excessively bulky. And often they do so - so that the electric boiler room provides the necessary thermal power in the most unfavorable (cold) period of winter, a whole battery of electrode boilers connected in parallel is installed. With this approach, you can always flexibly respond to changes in weather conditions - start or, conversely, turn off the required number of boilers. That is, so that heating is provided that is adequate to the current temperatures outside, and at the same time the equipment operates in an optimal mode, and not within its capabilities.

As can be seen from the design of the boiler itself, no control devices are provided on it. This means that an external unit is needed, which will supply the supply voltage to the terminals in a certain mode. These external control modules vary in complexity.

• The simplest ones involve only one temperature sensor, which is traditionally installed in front of the inlet pipe. That is, when the temperature in the "return" pipe of the heating circuit reaches the planned level, the control unit will turn off the boiler. And, accordingly, vice versa.
• More accurate and providing a more flexible and "sparing" operating mode of the equipment is a system with two temperature sensors installed both on the supply pipe and on the "return" of the heating circuit. Automation analyzes these current values ​​and gives control signals to turn the electrodes on or off, depending on the set range (hysteresis).

Heating boiler prices

boiler

More sophisticated systems are produced, designed to achieve the maximum possible comfort conditions with minimum energy consumption. Very often, it is these blocks that become the main one. distinctive feature series of equipment from different manufacturers (as we have seen, the design of the boilers themselves does not have a fundamental difference). Of course, this has a very serious effect on the cost of the kit. Such modules also take into account the current weather conditions ( weather dependent automatics), an optimal operation algorithm is developed, and control is not limited to only turning on or turning on the electrodes - changes are also possible in the parameters of the incoming supply current.

The practice is that the boiler is a separate commodity unit, and the control units compatible with it are offered to the consumer in an assortment - he can choose the most suitable one, evaluating both its operational capabilities and affordability.

Advantages and disadvantages of electrode boilers - where is the truth, and where are the "myths and legends"?

Probably no other type of electric-powered heating equipment causes such fierce controversy. Electrode boilers, as already mentioned, are credited with almost ideal qualities, and they are also scolded “to the point of hoarseness”.

Where is the truth? And as usual - somewhere in between.

It is clear that there can be no ideal, and indeed there should not be, by and large - otherwise there simply will be nothing to strive for. And along with a lot of undeniable advantages, electrode boilers have a whole bunch of obvious disadvantages. So let's go over both without haste.

Common judgments about the merits of electrode boilers

So, we consider those features that are attributed to the clear advantages of equipment of this type, and understand carefully each point.

• Such boilers are famous for their compact size when compared with others with similar power ratings.

You can't argue - indeed, this is a clear advantage, predetermined by the simplicity of the design of the device itself. If boilers with heating elements can still compete to a certain extent, then induction boilers are distinguished by both cumbersomeness and large mass.

• Continuing the topic - compact electrode heaters can be installed as backup or additional sources of heating the coolant.

Yes, and it is practiced quite widely. The reserve electrode boiler does not take up much space; it can be installed both in the boiler room and directly in the heated room. That is, the owners are given the opportunity to independently decide which operating mode of the heating system is more profitable for them to use. at the moment.

For example, you can program the operation of an electric boiler in such a way that the heat generated is stored in a storage tank (buffer tank) during the nightly reduced tariff. Able to help an electrode boiler mounted parallel to the main one, if necessary, repair or maintenance work. And sometimes “joint efforts” are required - and this is also not difficult to organize.

• Installation of an electrode boiler does not require project approval. There is no need to organize complex chimney and forced ventilation systems.

This is, of course, true. But such a clear dignity characteristic of any electrical heating equipment, and the use of electrode boilers does not give any advantages in this regard.

• Such equipment is safe when the heating system is depressurized - it does not threaten overheating.

Really, from this point of view the safety of electrode boilers is guaranteed by the very principle of their operation. The absence of water in the working cylinder "automatically" implies an open circuit and the absence of conductivity between the electrodes. That is, such a scheme cannot work "dry" a priori.

• Electrode boilers are one and a half - two times more economical, their power indicators with equal energy consumption are much higher - due to direct heating and extremely high efficiency, tending to 100%.

So, let's say right away that this was a statement, and by no means a statement of fact. Because it is possible and necessary to argue with such an "advantage".

Let's start with efficiency. All modern electric heaters a high value of this characteristic is inherent - almost the entire energy potential of the current is converted into thermal energy. As for direct heating, here it is worth judging as follows.

Indeed, with direct heating, there is no "intermediate". In fact, when a heating element or an induction boiler is operating, the body first heats up, and only then the heat is transferred from it to the liquid medium. But this heat is still not wasted, and it, one way or another, will be transferred "as intended." That is, no losses are expected, and it is naive to say that efficiency decreases because of this.

The heating rate is another matter. In this regard, the electrode boiler is able to win. But this is only at the initial stage of work. And when you reach the optimal mode, there are no advantages anymore. Due to the more pronounced inertia, a boiler with a heating element or an induction heater will "catch up" with an electrode one, and the total performance indicator is unlikely to differ significantly.

Another "fairy tale" from the same category is that the energy consumption with equal heat output from the electrode boiler is lower. In other words, a model with a lower power can heat a larger room.

If you take this seriously, then you will have to agree that the manufacturers of this "miracle technology" have found a way to circumvent the law of conservation of energy, or have found some source that gives an influx of energy from the outside. It is clear that neither one nor the other is completely impossible. So hopes for "magic economy" should be abandoned immediately.

On the scale of one or two hours of work, such a deceptive effect can be and will be noticeable, but you need to reason in more meaningful categories. We assure you that even on the scale of one day of operation of the heating system in normal mode, no gain will be felt anymore.

And the amount of heat required for heating the premises does not at all depend on a specific way of converting it from electrical energy.

By the way, it is not so dependent on the area of ​​the heated rooms. More precisely, there is undoubtedly dependence, but it must also take into account a whole list of other important criteria, from the climatic specifics of the region of residence and to the characteristics of the building and a particular room. And since this article, presumably, is read by a person interested in purchasing a boiler, he should know how to make such a calculation of the required power.

We will help in this - now we will continue to consider the advantages and disadvantages of electrode boilers, but in the appendix to the article you will find a description of the calculation algorithm with the application of a convenient and accurate online calculator.

• The next "plus" ascribed to electrode boilers is that heating occurs so quickly that a high difference in the density of the coolant at the inlet and outlet is created. And this allows you to do without a circulation pump - they say, another argument in favor of the efficiency of the electrode boiler.

Objections arise.

Firstly, any boiler can be used without forced circulation - but this is due to the design features of the heating circuit itself.

Secondly, the stage of rapid heating is characteristic only for the start-up period of the system. And it is launched, ideally, once a year, at the start of the heating season. After any electric (and not only electric) boiler reaches its rated power, and with a properly configured control system, the difference in return and supply temperatures becomes stable, and the electrode device will not have any advantages in this regard.

Circulation pump prices

circulation pump

In addition, a system with natural circulation of the coolant becomes less efficient and more difficult to configure and automate control. Part of the energy is spent almost in vain - to ensure the natural circulation of the coolant through the pipes. And in the case of electric boilers, this becomes an unaffordable luxury. The consumption of the pump itself is much less than such losses. So there is no need to argue too much - put a circulation pump, and you will win.

• Electrode boilers are not afraid of voltage drops in the power supply.

Yes, they really are not afraid, but this applies equally to boilers with heating elements, and to induction ones. A voltage drop will only reduce the power of the heater. at the moment, and the excess (within reasonable limits, of course) is usually not scary for them because of the built-in safety margin. What is the advantage of the electrode here?

In addition, voltage surges pose a serious threat not to the boilers themselves, but thereby to the control units, the electronics of which can be sensitive to such surges. So, the electrode boiler does not eliminate the need to stabilize the voltage supplied to the boiler equipment (at least to its control modules).

Do you want stability in the operation of the heating system? - Purchase a voltage stabilizer for the boiler!

There are several types of such devices. Which model to choose, by what criteria to evaluate, how to calculate the required current-voltage characteristic - all this is in the article devoted to.

• Another thesis - the electrode boiler is characterized by a very low thermal inertness, which expands the possibilities for very precise adjustment of the heating system.

Oh, isn't it the other way around? It seems that such a property, in combination with a simple control system, can lead to too frequent starts and stops of equipment. Agree, there is little use in this. In addition, the inertia of the system still depends not only, and even not so much on the characteristics of the boiler, but on the characteristics of the heat exchange devices installed in the circuit.

And what about the simplicity of adjustment and control - here everything is even exactly the opposite. The catch is that the conductivity of electrolytes (including water) is highly temperature dependent. Moreover, this dependence is very complex and nonlinear. So to control, for example, a boiler with a heating element or an induction heater is not an example easier.

• The use of electrode boilers is not accompanied by damage to the environment.

Good quality, but why should it be attributed only to electrode quality? Yes, any boiler that uses electricity does not emit harmful emissions into the atmosphere or toxic combustion products that are hazardous to the health of those living in the house.

And, by the way, if it comes to that, then in this regard, it is electrode boilers that are the least prosperous among all the other electric ones. For the operation of such systems, special coolants with a verified chemical composition are often used, which may well include not entirely "favorable" compounds. There are even special disposal rules heat carriers that have exhausted their resource, with a categorical prohibition of their direct pouring onto the ground or into sewers.

• A special advantage is the affordable cost of electrode boilers against the background of other electrical "brethren".

Is it so unambiguous? No, if you figure it out.

Yes, the boiler itself, due to the simplicity of the design, is usually not very expensive. But let's add to this the cost of a control unit with temperature sensors, a circulation pump, an expansion tank, safety group devices. And only after that we will compare the result obtained with the price of an electric boiler with a heating element, in the design of which all these necessary elements are already provided. Predicting the "winner" is difficult.

To acquire only a "bare" boiler is a completely senseless and even very dangerous undertaking. Installing a powerful "boiler" without taking care of thermostatic control and ensuring safety is to doom yourself to crazy waste and live in constant fear that sooner or later it will "explode".

Are the noted disadvantages of electrode boilers so serious?

Now let's move on to considering the disadvantages of electrode-type boilers. Honestly, they are credited with so many of them, and so serious that without a thoughtful approach, many consumers can create a clearly negative attitude, which will immediately turn away from such a purchase. But is everything so fair, and if it is fair - is it so scary?

• Not every heating system allows you to install an electrode boiler - much depends on the type of radiators used or planned for installation.

This is indeed the case. The catch is that corrosion processes, which cannot be ruled out in steel or cast-iron radiators, can seriously change the chemical composition of the coolant. For other boilers, this is not important, but for the electrode - it is extremely important.

Cast iron batteries are incompatible for another important reason. They are extremely heat-consuming and voluminous, have a pronouncedly high thermal inertia. And in combination with the features of the electrode boiler, a situation becomes very likely when the equipment will have to work practically without pauses. That is, the operation of the system will become extremely costly, without any benefits in terms of improving comfort.

Of little use in conjunction with an electrode boiler and aluminum radiators made of recycled metal (recycling of aluminum scrap). They are much cheaper, but impurities are often found in secondary aluminum, which can cause internal corrosion and a violation of the optimal chemical composition of the coolant.

What remains in the end? Or bimetallic radiators, or high quality aluminum.

• It immediately makes sense to dwell on the second important drawback - the coolant in the heating system with an electrode boiler will have to be treated in a special way.

Judge for yourself - in conventional heating systems, the main requirements are limited to a high heat capacity and, if necessary, resistance to low temperatures (antifreeze). A number of other criteria also play a role here. Among them - the chemical composition optimal for ionization and balanced resistance, since the lack of conductivity can lead to the fact that the current does not go through the liquid medium at all. Therefore, no heating will happen.

It is a very difficult task to independently select a balanced composition of the coolant for optimal efficiency of the heating system. And, the results may not be obvious, that is, the boiler seems to be working as it should, but at the end of the month or season, a completely abnormal energy waste is revealed. That is, due to the banal reason for the insufficient quality of the coolant, all the main advantages of the electrode boiler will completely "evaporate".

Many manufacturers of such equipment also supply heat carriers or special additives for water. And it's all very well worth it. Moreover, ignoring the rules for using the coolant of the specified brand may well become a reason for the termination of the equipment warranty.

The situation is aggravated by the fact that any coolant-electrolyte over time wastes its qualities and requires replacement. It is also necessary to monitor this, that is, to invite a specialist, each visit of which turns into additional costs. Yes, plus the cost of a new volume of coolant ...

In a word, there is something to think about.

• The next feature, also related to the coolant - if installed, then the heating system should only be closed, that is, with a sealed membrane-type expansion tank. And this automatically implies the presence of a "safety group" - a safety valve and an automatic air vent.

This can be explained simply - the likelihood of evaporation of an expensive coolant and the possible change in the concentration of the salts contained in it, which provide the required level of ionization, should be excluded.

Expansion tank prices

expansion tank

However, systems with an open expansion tank are already considered "yesterday". The installation of a small expansion tank becomes much more convenient and compact.

• There is one more "drawback" attributed to the electrode boiler due to the peculiarity of the heat carrier. So, it is not recommended to take hot water from the system for household needs.

I don’t know, but personally for me, as the owner of a private house, it’s difficult to imagine a situation that would force me to use water from the batteries (although I have an ordinary gas boiler). There are many other heating methods. Therefore, this can be attributed to the disadvantages of the electrode boiler only with a very big stretch.

• There is a heating threshold in systems with electrode boilers - the temperature should not exceed 75 degrees.

This is indeed the case. The fact is that at higher temperatures the conductive characteristics of the coolant-electrolyte change sharply. And this causes a completely unnecessary consumption of electricity, moreover, not accompanied by adequate heat output. Work simply becomes extremely uneconomical.

Yes, this is a disadvantage. But in truth speaking, and 75 degrees is usually "behind the eyes" is enough to provide the proper level of heating in a private house.

• Electrode boilers are devices with an increased risk of electric shock. The presence of grounding for them is a prerequisite.

The first statement is from the category of "legends", unfounded by anything. Exactly with the same claims, you can turn to other electric boilers, boilers, ovens, stoves, kettles in the end. Let's leave home-made boilers outside the brackets - the level of their safety is on the conscience of the manufacturers. But without exception, all factory-made devices have passed the necessary tests and have the appropriate certification. That is, subject to the installation requirements and operating rules (by the way, nothing special unremarkable), they do not carry any "supernatural" threat.

About grounding. Yes, the requirement is mandatory. An RCD or a difavtomat in a particular case will not become assistants - there will almost certainly be private unauthorized operation of protection. This means that you cannot do without reliable grounding.

But this can hardly be considered a disadvantage either - read the instructions for any powerful household electrical appliances, and make sure that the rule applies to most of them. That is, the electrode boiler in this regard is by no means a "white crow". And since our article deals specifically with private houses, then any owner should be interested in the issues of high-quality grounding, regardless of what kind of heating equipment he has.

Reliable grounding is an important safety issue

The owner of a private house, which does not yet have a ground loop, is simply obliged to put everything aside one time, and come to grips with this issue. Moreover, it is not so difficult, it does not require much time and money. More information about the organization is in a special article on our portal.

• The electrodes in boilers of this type require frequent replacement.

Doesn't sound like the truth. Many examples can be cited when they serve flawlessly for many years. It's another matter if such an opinion was expressed by those owners who gave a damn about the quality of the coolant. Then a layer of scale may indeed appear, significantly reducing the efficiency of the boiler.

On the other hand, any electrical heating device requires periodic replacement of the "working" element. And the boiler we are considering is no exception. But both the cost of the electrodes and the simple process of replacing them hardly deserve such close attention as to be attributed to pronounced disadvantages.

• Electrode boilers are very difficult to install and debug the system.

Contradictory statement. The boilers are very compact, and it is precisely the installation with piping that does not cause any difficulties for craftsmen familiar with plumbing work. Doesn't hide any "Pitfalls" and summing up the power supply line of the required power.

But about debugging - there is a weighty grain of truth in this. And this was already mentioned above - the main problem lies in the assessment of the optimal chemical composition of the coolant and the associated efficiency of the system as a whole. When drawing up a solution and adjusting it "by eye" it is quite possible to make a serious mistake, which will then result in considerable financial losses. It requires experience, special diagnostic equipment. That is, most likely, you cannot do without an invitation from a professional.

Let's finish with the questions about the advantages and disadvantages. Presumably, thanks to this section of the article, the reader has formed a definite opinion about electrode boilers. And if the prospect of its acquisition looks justified, then you can briefly get acquainted with the market's assumptions.

The most popular models on the Russian market

Despite the conflicting opinions about this equipment, electrode boilers are quite popular. Accordingly, the range of models offered for sale is also growing.

And here it will be appropriate to note that electrode boilers are just the case when there is no special need to initially look closely at imported samples. On the contrary, judging by the reviews, in this area the leading positions are taken by high-quality domestic equipment.

There are already quite a few companies that have mastered the production of such heating boilers, but we will focus on the most popular and reputable manufacturers.

Prices for electrode boilers "Galan"

electrode boiler "Galan"

Electrode boilers "Galan"

Without any exaggeration, the Moscow company "Galan" can be called a pioneer in the field of producing boilers with such a principle of operation. And not locally, but on a wider scale.

She began to supply the first electrode boilers for sale back in 1990. A number of indirect signs make it possible to assume with a high degree of confidence that the conversion development that came from the defense industry formed the basis of serial production. Boilers of this type, in particular, were widely used for heating water on military submarines.

Three series of electrode boilers are produced under the brand name "Galan"

• The most compact - boilers of the Galan-Ochag series. They are presented in three models of different power - 3, 5 and 6 kW. They work from a single-phase power supply network.
• Galan-Geyser is a medium power series, which is excellent for heating systems of average private country houses... The boiler can have a power of 9 kW (two modifications are possible - for a single-phase or three-phase network), or 15 kW - only three-phase.
• Finally, larger mansions may require a higher capacity boiler. These are the Galan-Vulcan series, three-phase boilers with a capacity of 25 and 50 kW.

In addition to boilers, the company's assortment includes all the necessary monitoring and control devices for the heating system. In particular, for devices of the middle class, the Navigator control unit of varying degrees of complexity is recommended. But this is not the only option: there may be more "sophisticated" equipment, especially since the manufacturer is constantly working on improving this control equipment.

Details of the range of products and prices from the manufacturer can be found on the very informative website of the Galan company. But when choosing a boiler model, do not forget to immediately assess the cost of the necessary monitoring and control devices.

Video: Presentation video about the products of the company "Galan"

Electrode boilers "EOU"

This is also a Russian company., and the "mysterious" abbreviation stands for the capacious full name "Energy-saving heating installations". The products are in fairly wide demand, and not only within Russia - they are successfully exported to a number of foreign countries.

EOU boilers are presented in two standard sizes - for a single-phase and for a three-phase network.

Single-phase models can have a power from 2 to 12 kW (with a graduation of 1 kW). But the power of three-phase models can even reach 120 kW. However, the size of the models in each of the rulers does not change.

The boilers are considered very reliable - this is evidenced by the manufacturer's ten-year warranty. In general, the declared service life, subject to the operating rules, is at least 30 years.

At the same time, the prices for electrode boilers "EOU" are from the category of quite moderate. The cost of the basic set of control panels required for operation is not striking.

Boilers brand "Beryl"

This is a Latvian company that produces a fairly popular brand of electrode boilers and the equipment necessary for their operation.

The boilers themselves are represented by two lines of models - single-phase and three-phase. Their dimensions are shown in the illustration below:

Single-phase models can have power from 2 to 9 kW. Three-phase power reaches 33 kW.

There is an interesting feature - unlike most of their "brothers", electrode boilers "Beryl" have a switching unit on top. It seems to be a trifle, but all the work on prevention, connection, or, say, replacing the electrodes is much easier to perform with this arrangement.

The consumer is offered a very wide range of equipment for monitoring and controlling the operation of heating - from simple blocks with manual adjustment to modern electronic fully automated systems that allow you to choose the most optimal operating mode depending on changes in the current external conditions. Up to the fact that some control modules are equipped with triac units, which are able not only to assess conditions in real time, but also to predict their changes, making adjustments to the boiler operating mode, which gives a considerable saving effect.

By the way, it was mentioned above in the text that sometimes the emphasis is placed on the fact that the boilers are not just electrode, but precisely ionic. Here this is just that case. Some models of Beryl control units, according to the assurances of the developers, track the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the created ionic environment in order to develop appropriate adjustments to the current operating mode of the boiler.

There are other brands that are in fairly high demand. For example, "Gradient" (Russia), "STAFOR" (Latvia), "Forsage" (Ukraine) and others. It's difficult to tell about all of them in detail, that's why the article mentioned those that, as they say, “are more popular”.

APPENDIX: How to calculate the required heat output for the heating system?

Numerous recommendations that when calculating power are based on the ratio of 1 kW per 10 m², still do not differ in correctness. Agree that this approach does not take into account a lot of important criteria - from the climatic features of the region of residence and to the specifics of both the building itself and each of its premises separately.

Therefore, we suggest using a different calculation algorithm. It is based on an assessment of the characteristics of each of the premises, that is, the result is obtained precisely for a particular room. Well, then it will not be difficult to sum up the obtained values ​​in order to obtain the final power required to heat the entire house or apartment.

The easiest way is to arm yourself with a plan of your residential estates, draw up a table in which to list, line by line, all the premises that will be heated. And the calculation itself for each room will not take much time if you use our calculator.

In the course of working with the calculator, usually no questions arise. But if certain ambiguities appear, below are brief explanations of the calculation algorithm.

There are situations when using electricity to heat a private house becomes the only option worth considering. Unfortunately, the gas pipelines have not yet reached the level of ramification to get to everyone. Solid fuel the heating system requires constant attention from the owners of the house, the obligatory separate boiler room, storage areas at least minimum stock of firewood or briquettes (pellets). Diesel boilers are very expensive in themselves, require high costs for installation and precise adjustment, and do not do without preparing a large volume of several cubic meters of storage tank for liquid fuel.

So, in such a situation, there is nothing left but to switch to electric heating of the home. There are many options for solving this problem. For example, this can be using cables, mats or infrared films. The modern ones, which are easy to hide behind the decoration of the ceiling or walls, are gradually gaining appreciation. But still, the usual water heating systems remain in first place in popularity, into which, in this case, an electric boiler crashes. But here options are also possible - heat sources can be conventional - with heating elements, induction of various types. And the most controversial, causing considerable, sometimes even fierce discussions, are ion heating boilers.

These devices are credited with absolutely fabulous indicators of heating efficiency, for example, the efficiency is higher than 100%, and they are incredibly scolded for the fact that they are usually able to quickly render the heating system unusable, praised for ease of installation and compactness, and at the same time "ostracized" for its low level electrical safety. As usual, in reality, the truth is somewhere in between ... Let's try to figure it out, without bias, citing in the article both the positive qualities of such boilers and their inherent disadvantages. In addition, the most popular brands will be considered, indicating the technical characteristics of various models and an approximate price level. And, finally, in the course of the presentation, attention will be paid to some issues of the installation of such equipment.

How an electrode (ion) heating boiler works

Probably everyone who has ever had a chance to live in a student dormitory or serve in the army knows the simplest device for boiling water, which made it possible to brew a cup of tea in just a matter of seconds. Two metal plates (old razor blades or even metal shoe shoes) spaced with a small air gap from each other, connected to a 220 volt mains wire.

The simplest boiler is a kind of "prototype" of the electrode (ion) heating boiler

Such a "device", lowered into a glass and connected to a power supply, provides a fast, unusually violent boiling of water. A this is a fairly illustrative example of how the ion (or electrode) boiler is arranged in principle.

(By the way, you should not repeat such experiments at home - it is unsafe both from the point of view of a wire ignition from a short circuit, and from a high probability of getting an electrical injury).

Conductors placed in an electrolyte solution (and ordinary, not distilled water, one way or another is to a certain extent an electrolyte due to salts dissolved in it), when voltage is applied to them, cause ionization of the solution and the movement of ions in the opposite direction: anions - to cathode and cations, respectively, to the anode.

This would lead to an electrolysis process if the supplied current was constant. But when the household mains voltage is connected, the polarity of the electrodes changes 50 times per second (frequency 50 Hz). Instead of a uniform movement of ions, their rapid oscillation begins in an environment that offers considerable resistance to this. As a result, a very rapid heating of the liquid occurs - that is, the heat carrier, which is used to transfer energy through the points of heat exchange.

By and large, the developers of such a scheme managed to get rid of the "middleman" - the heat-generating electric spiral made of materials with high resistivity. The role of the heating element is assumed by the coolant electrolyte itself. It is this that is credited with the special properties of the efficiency and economy of this method of converting electrical energy into heat.

Immediately, perhaps, it is necessary to make some clarity on the terminology used. In various sources, you can find the name of this technique as both "electrode" and "ion" boilers. Moreover, some manufacturers are even trying to make a distinction between these concepts - they say, in ionic installations the ability to a certain extent to control and regulate the amount of ions involved in the heating of the coolant is realized. Understanding heating specialists regard such statements as nothing more than a marketing ploy to highlight their products against the general background. But even if this is even to some extent true, then the merit is not at all in the design of the boiler, but in the complexity of the electronics of the control unit and as a heating electrolyte. And the boiler itself, as it was, remains an electrode one.

General device of the ion (electrode) boiler

This method of rapidly heating a liquid is certainly not some kind of innovative development. As a physical phenomenon, it has been known for a very long time, and the applied application in order to obtain thermal energy for heating premises was mastered in the middle of the 20th century. It is generally accepted that the first detailed boilers were developed for the needs of the fleet, or rather, for heating the compartments of submarines. And one of the requirements for any military equipment of those years was maximum simplicity and the highest reliability. Ionic boilers met these requirements to the fullest. There are absolutely no moving mechanical parts in them, and the internal "electrical equipment" is such that there is simply nothing to burn out in it. And the active service life of such a water heater, in fact, was determined by the strength and corrosion resistance of its body.

However, it was only in the early 90s that they were developed, patented and put into production for use in heating systems of residential buildings. By the way, despite the fact that a quarter of a century has passed since then, neither the layout scheme nor the appearance of these devices have undergone major changes. All improvements to this equipment are, for the most part, in the field of modernization of control systems, to some extent - by selection the most optimal, resistant materials for the housing and electrodes, and the chemical composition of the coolants.

Though similar boilers are produced by several companies, domestic and foreign, all of them are basically similar in layout, and differ only in minor details.

The layout of almost all electrode boilers is very similar - a vertically located cylinder with a bulge at the power connection

It is always a vertically located cylinder, with a thickening on one edge - there is an electrical switching unit. There are necessarily two threaded nozzles - for the inlet of the coolant (in the terminology of heating systems - "return") and for the outlet of the heated liquid (supply pipe). Most often they are located as shown in the figure - the "return" pipe is from the side of the cylinder, and the outlet is from the top. Although, occasionally there are models in which both threaded nozzles for tapping into the system are located on the side.

There are electrodes inside the body.

If the boiler is designed to operate on a single-phase 220 V network, then this is one electrode, which will be located in the center of the cylinder. The role of the second in this case will be played by the inner surface of the "glass" in the body.

Three-phase boilers are more powerful. Here the block of electrodes will consist of three rod elements isolated from each other, also located in a common "glass" of the boiler body.

It is clear that the block of electrodes has a reliable sealing system that does not allow the flow of electrolyte (heat carrier) outside. Reliable electrical insulation of the contact part and the outer surface of the boiler body itself is provided - for this it is covered with a polyamide layer.

The dimensions of the boiler are usually not too large - it depends on its total power and on the specific model. More about this will be discussed in the section on the main manufacturers of such equipment.

On the body of the boiler itself, most often there are no more control or regulation devices. But it is imperative that each boiler must be equipped with an electronic or electromechanical control unit of varying degrees of complexity.

These control units allow the boiler to be switched on only to maintain the set heating mode. So, the system can be equipped with one temperature sensor ( on the pipeheated coolant supply) or even two (additional - on the "return" pipe). The maximum heating temperature and its hysteresis are set on the control unit (Δt °, that is, the difference in temperature values ​​in both directions, at which a control signal is generated to turn on or off the power supply to the boiler).

In some control systems amenable to more fine tuning, it is possible to set the nominal value of the temperature in the "return" and the value of the hysteresis for it. There are also more sophisticated control schemes that are specific to certain equipment manufacturers.

On the advantages and disadvantages of ion (electrode) boilers

Much has been written about the advantages of electrode boilers and, often, it is contradictory. We sort it out in order:

Advantages - truth and speculation

• Electrode boilers are characterized by the highest efficiency, close to 100%. This - pure truth but with some caveats.

By the way, you can run into publications stating that the efficiency even exceeds this threshold - 100%. More precisely, it says that the coefficient is higher than that of conventional boilers with heating elements by 30 — 40%. You can't believe in this.

Indeed, for any electric boilers, the efficiency is high, tends to 100%, no matter what heating principle is used: resistive (heating element), induction or ionic - almost all electrical energy goes into heat and is eventually transferred to the coolant. The only question is the speed of the boiler reaching the design heating temperature - at the start-up stage, the boiler with heating elements, of course, will take a little more time. And so - no one has canceled the law of conservation of energy, and one should not expect any miracles from the electrode boiler.

• With equal heating power, electrode boilers are the most compact and lightest in weight among their "brothers". It's hard to disagree - it really is. Especially noticeably they outperform induction heaters, which are always distinguished by their massiveness and dimensions.
• An electrode boiler does not require the installation of a chimney system - like, other things, and any other, powered by electrical energy.
• Even the slightest likelihood of overheating and failure due to coolant leakage from the system is completely absent. Indeed, an important advantage: the electrodes do not contact each other in any way, and the absence of liquid leads to a complete opening of the circuit - the boiler, by definition, cannot work under such conditions.
• Water heating occurs very quickly, which, according to the laws of thermodynamics, is accompanied by a sharp increase in pressure in the system. It is possible to do without a circulation pump.

It would seem that everything is correct, but only without a pump, for some reason, such systems are still not used. First, it is completely unproductive to direct part of the energy to ensure circulation (with a pump, consumption for these purposes will be lower, and the process will be more controlled). And, secondly, such a powerful jump in pressure can only be talked about when the system is started up. In the future, when the control switches to maintaining the temperature within the set hysteresis, this process will not differ in any way from all other boilers.

• The inertia of such a boiler is the smallest and s all electrical varieties. Therefore, there is a possibility of very precise and prompt work settings, which will help to save on energy costs.

A classic example of how one expression combines two completely unrelated among themselves statements. Indeed, the inertia is low. First of all, due to the fact that the mass of the boiler itself is insignificant, and the heating of the liquid starts faster. Regarding energy costs - they, with equal, as already found out, the efficiency depends, rather, on the level of thermal insulation of the building, that is, on the available heat loss. And the promptness of switching and the accuracy of the setting - it is unlikely that this will in some tangible way affect both the comfort of living and the economy. Unless - such a boiler will turn on and off more often, which, by the way, is not even very good.

And about the accuracy of the setting - here the question is still very controversial. If we take into account the nonlinearity of the electrolysis heating process, the special requirements for the quality of the electrolyte, then, perhaps, the control of a conventional boiler looks much easier.

• Voltage drops do not affect the operation of the boiler - its power can only change, but the operation will not stop.

Reading about this "advantage" is even somewhat ridiculous. By and large, voltage drops are also not fear neither ordinary boilers, nor heating elements. But the complex automation that regulates and directs the operation of any boilers requires a certain stability of the power supply. And electrode boilers in this are no different from others.

• Electrode boilers can be installed in the heating circuit as additional energy sources.

Indeed, it is possible, but in this case it is necessary to bring the state of the coolant to that which is required precisely for the electrode (ion) boiler.

A very "solid" battery of electrode boilers!

Parallel installation of several boilers of the same power is also possible - in this case, it will be possible to stepwise adjust the total heating power - by turning on all or a selective number of heaters.

• The operation of electrode boilers is absolutely harmless from the point of view of the environment.

The question is tricky. Yes, there are no harmful emissions into the atmosphere and cannot be - but this is typical of all electric heaters. But in terms of the composition of the coolant, electrode boilers can even pose a certain environmental hazard. Quite often, very toxic substances (such as ethylene glycol) are included there, and the spent electrolyte, with fairly frequent replacement, needs a special disposal procedure - it is strictly forbidden to simply pour it onto the ground or even into the sewer system.

• The cost of electrode boilers, in comparison with other electric ones, is the lowest.

This is indeed so, but one cannot fail to notice one "marketing trap". Very often, the cost of such boilers is indicated without taking into account the price of automation units. Ordinary boilers, with heating elements, as a rule, are assembled in one case with all built-in electronics, temperature sensors, thermostat, etc., therefore, the price for them is appropriate.

The cost of control equipment must also be taken into account immediately, since without it all the advantages of electrode boilers literally come to naught - uncontrolled heating of the liquid will not only be uneconomical, but also extremely dangerous!

Disadvantages of ion boilers

Honestly, if you just look at the list of disadvantages of electrode boilers, then any desire to get involved with this type of heating disappears. However, let the reader judge for himself, since some of the "minuses" are clearly far-fetched and do not deserve special attention.

• Sometimes the disadvantages include the fact that only alternating current is required for the electrode stake - with a constant one, the process of electrolysis of the coolant will begin with its chemical decomposition.

Considering this a disadvantage is the same as complaining about the water, that the car does not want to drive on alcohol, and the home TV set refuses to work from the “finger” battery. Each device has its own capabilities and its own sources of energy, and this does not apply to disadvantages.

• The need to equip the heating circuit with a circulation pump.

This has already been mentioned above, but a similar "drawback" is inherent in almost all heating systems at home, with the exception of open ones with natural circulation. And even then, it is also recommended to put pumps in them - this affects the uniformity and overall efficiency of heating the home.

• Special requirements for the quality and chemical composition of the coolant.

Here - you can't argue, really, with whatever liquid gets in, the electrode boiler will not work. Several criteria must be combined here - the possibility of ionization (for example, distilled water will not work in principle), a relatively low electrical resistance (at a large value, the current simply will not go through the liquid). And at the same time, we must not forget about - about high heat capacity, about resistance to freezing, about the operating temperature range, environmental friendliness, etc.

Many manufacturers of electrode boilers directly give recommendations on the use of specific brands of heat transfer fluids, which they often produce themselves. Moreover, there are cases when the warranty service of equipment was refused due to violations of the recommendations.

Many craftsmen are very critical of the factory formulations, they recommend using saline solutions (brines) made on their own. But choosing the optimal composition on your own, without special equipment for testing electrical conductivity, is an extremely difficult task. This approach is complicated by the fact that over time, the electrical characteristics of the coolant can change significantly, and in addition, they largely depend on the current heating temperature.

In a word, the selection of the coolant required for the system in the case of electrode boilers turns into a very troublesome business. And if you also consider that the replacement of the entire volume of the working fluid will have to be carried out before each heating season ...

• Not all heating radiators can be used in conjunction with electrode boilers.

The truth is that for such a heating system, either, or aluminum radiators are recommended. And, when choosing aluminum, you should also pay attention to the quality of the material - it is the primary metal, or already a processed product. The fact is that in the processed metal there will necessarily be a large amount of impurities - oxides, and they can very seriously disrupt the chemical composition of the electrolyte, sharply increasing or decreasing the electrical conductivity, which imbalances the operation of the system.

Cast iron radiators are highly undesirable for two reasons. Firstly, their very significant heat capacity can exceed the capabilities of normal heating of the electrode boiler, and it will operate almost without interruption. And secondly, old cast-iron batteries, as a rule, do not differ in internal cleanliness, they can be cleaned in pipes of really high-quality washing due to the porosity of the surface, and are able to quickly render the coolant unusable for operation. And the corrosion of ferrous metals has not been canceled, and any electrolyte is always distinguished by increased corrosive qualities.

As an exception, modern cast iron radiators of European production may be suitable. They have a smaller volume and a higher quality of metal.

• Electrode boilers have particularly high grounding requirements.

By and large, any powerful electrical installations must have reliable grounding of the case. But if in most cases it is - means protection against accidental phase breakdown on the case, then in the example with ion boilers it is more and more serious. Their metal case is directly involved in the work process, and therefore, indeed, grounding becomes essential for ensuring safety. Moreover, the standard RCD unit in this case is inapplicable, since there will be a voltage leak one way or another, and the power supply with such protection will be constantly forcibly turned off.

How to do it right - you can find out by following the link to the corresponding article of our portal.

• There are strict restrictions on the maximum heating temperature - up to 75 degrees.

It is rather no no prosperity, but the peculiarity of the operation of such a heating scheme. The fact is that the electrical conductivity of a liquid changes nonlinearly, and at temperatures above 75 ° WITH there may be an unnecessary waste of energy without increasing the power. However, this temperature should almost always be sufficient for high-quality heating. And the upper heating limit, by the way, exists for any boilers (including both gas and solid fuel) and the automation should monitor this.

• Due to the specifics of the work, the electrodes quickly grow overgrown, and require regular replacement. Also, probably no no wealth, and operating costs - any technique over time requires replacement of consumables.
• The impossibility (in any case, it is extremely undesirable) to use such a boiler in an open-type heating system.

This is true - the electrolyte itself is a rather aggressive medium for the elements of the heating system. If there is still free access to air oxygen to the coolant, then its ability to cause corrosion will increase many times, but the required chemical composition to ensure the required electrical conductivity may change for the worse.

• Inadmissibility of using heated water for domestic and technical needs (with a single-circuit heating system). This drawback can be eliminated by installing an indirect heating boiler, of course, having correctly calculated the general capabilities of the system.
• Very big difficulties when starting up the heating system.

This is not about the installation, in fact, of the boiler, its installation and piping - here experienced craftsmen should not have any special problems. The main problems, as already mentioned, are the correct selection of the chemical composition of the coolant and fine adjustment of the system. It is not recommended to conduct such events on your own - you will need to invite experienced specialists.

The same can be said about regular preventive measures in preparation for the heating season, since it is almost impossible to correctly assess the condition of the coolant and the overall performance of the system without experience and special equipment. This means that we will have to put up with the annual call of the appropriate specialists.

Find out how to do it, as well as read the detailed instructions, in the article on our portal.

Electrode (ion) heating boilers on the Russian market

Due to its advantages, and despite its rather numerous disadvantages, ionic heating colas remain in great demand in the Russian open spaces. Several domestic companies are engaged in their production, products also come from foreign countries. To help the reader with the choice of equipment, a brief overview of the most popular brands will be given.

Electrode boilers "Galan"

The products of the Moscow company "Galan", without a doubt, are the pioneers in the domestic market for equipment of this type, and it is possible that they are the same all over the world. Release them mastered back in the early 90s on the basis of our own patented development. There are no exact statistics, but, most likely, "Galan" still holds the "palm" in this area, in any case, according to references on the Internet and according to positive reviews, these boilers are definitely in the lead.

Model range of electrode boilers "Galan"

Today the company produces three main models, each of which has several gradations in terms of heating power.

The smallest are Galan-Ochag. Weighing only 500 g, these "babies" are capable of high-quality heating of quite serious volumes - up to 200 m³, giving out power up to 5 kW. The cost of such boilers is from 3300 to 4000 rubles. A more modern model - "Galan-Ochag-Turbo" can be somewhat more expensive - up to 6,000 rubles.

In private residential construction, the most popular are single-phase and three-phase electrode boilers "Galan-Geyser". They have two thresholds for heating power - 9 and 15 kW, and this should be enough for a quite solid country cottage with a total volume of rooms to be sealed off up to 450 m³. The average cost of such boilers is 6 to 7 thousand, and "Geyser-Turbo" - about 8 thousand rubles.

The most powerful are electrode colas in the Galan-Vulcan line. They are all designed to operate in a three-phase network, have a power of 25 and 50 kW, and are designed to heat rather large structures. The price for them is over 10 thousand rubles.

Basic parameters of heating electric boilers	VOLCANO 50	VOLCANO 25	GEYSER 15	GEYSER 9	STEP 6	STEP 5	STEP 3
Power consumption, V	380	380	380	220/380	220	220	220
Heated room, m³	up to 1600	up to 850	up to 550	up to 340	up to 250 up to 200	up to 120
Coolant volume, liter	300-500	150- 300	100- 200	50-100	35-70	30-60	25-50
Power consumption, max, A	2 × 37.9	37.5	22.7	13,7/40	27.3	22.7	13.7
Peak power consumption in kW, at water temperature 90 ° C	50	25	15	9	6	5	3
Power consumption in kW, on average for the heating season, (6 months - 4320 hours) from October 15 to April 15.	up to 36000 kW	up to 18000 kW	up to 12000 kW	up to 8000 kW	up to 6000 kW	up to 5000 kW	up to 3000 kW
Recommended outlet temperature, ° С	60	60	60	60	60	60	60
Diameter of the coupling for connecting the boiler to the heating system	32	32	32	32	25	25	25
weight. kg	11.5	42130	42130	42130	0.5	0.5	0.5
diameter, mm	130	130	130	130	35	35	35
length, mm	570	460	410	360	335	320	275

While the basic models of Galan boilers themselves remain practically unchanged, the control automation is constantly being improved. So, it is recommended to purchase control units for modern domestic-class boilers " Galan - Navigator»In various designs (price - from 6 thousand).

There may be other proposals - for example, equipping the Galan boiler with an ABB or Hager automatic protection device, a BeeRT modular digital thermostat for the coolant, which will simultaneously regulate the performance of the circulation pump, and a room thermostat “by air” “ COMPUTHERM Q7 ". Such a system is fully coordinated with the boiler manufacturer, but its cost, of course, will already be somewhat higher.

Video: variety of boilers "Galan"

Prices for a range of heating boilers Galan

Heating boilers Galan

Beryl "

Another popular Russian product is the Beryl family of electrode heating boilers.

They are produced in two standard sizes, depending on the power supply used - 220 or 380 volts, and from, respectively, the power of the installation - up to 9 and up to 33 kW.

Single-phase electrode boilers "Beryl" Dimensions of the three-phase modification "Beryl"

A characteristic feature of all Beryl boilers is the upper location of the power connection block, which somewhat simplifies both installation and maintenance. Even to replace the electrode block, in most cases it will not be necessary to dismantle the entire boiler from its piping.

Name of boilers, control systems:	price, rub.
Ionic boilers BERIL and automation (manual power change, step 200 (600) W)
Boilers 220V; 5, 7, 9 kW	4450
	8450
Control unit "Euro" for boilers 220V and 380V	14000
Ionic boilers BERIL and automation (auto / manual power change, step 600 W)
Boilers 380V with a triac unit 6, 9, 12, 15, 25, 33 kW	20000
CSU control unit (with PID mode function)	15000
Ionic boilers BERIL and automation (auto / manual power change, step 2000 W)
Boiler 380V with built-in triac unit, 100 kW	75000
Boiler 380V with built-in triac unit, 130 kW	100000
CSU control unit (with PID mode function) for boilers 100 and 130 kW	25000
BERIL electrode boilers and automation
Boilers 220V; 5, 7, 9 kW	4450
Boilers 380V; 6, 9, 12, 15, 25, 33 kW	8450
ECRT GECK control unit for boilers 220 and 380 V	8500
Thermal modules VERIL of unlimited power with one control unit
Boilers 380V 33 kW with a triac unit - 1 pc.	20000
Control unit GEKK 63 / 3M CSU for module operation in PID mode	20000
Control unit GEKK 60/3 CSU for module operation in group control mode	25000
Heat carrier BERIL V.I.P. based on propylene glycol
temperature -35C (-45C crystallization temperature) polyethylene canister 20 liters	2200

By the way, it is some models of "Beryl" boilers that are positioned exactly as ionic - because, according to the manufacturer's assurances, the ability to control the overall level of electric charges is realized in them. Similar products can be equipped with control units of varying complexity:

Control unit for boilers "Beryl" CSO "Euro"

CSU "Euro" control units allow manual stepwise regulation of the heating agent heating power with a step of 200 watts.

1 - connection block (power contactor);

2 - step boiler power regulator;

3 - automatic overload protection;

4 - thermostat control unit, according to the heating agent heating level.

Ion boiler "Beryl" with triac block

More expensive models, with automatic control and regulation of power at each specific moment of time, are equipped with a special triac unit (pictured) and a PID system - electronic temperature control. It is believed that the PID controller, which consists of an amplifier, an integrator and a differentiator, most quickly and accurately estimates the heating level, taking into account the near future, and generates control signals that save up to 20% of energy.

Line of boilers EOU (Energy Saving Heating Installation)

It is also a Russian-made product. Simple in design, relatively inexpensive, but quite convenient in operation, boilers cover a power range from 2 to 120 kW. They can be produced for single- and three-phase current networks, differing in size.

Dimensions of electrode boilers "EOU"

Such boilers are popular not only in our country, but also in neighboring countries, and last year the products received the certification of the Customs Union.

The table shows technical data and the average price level for boilers operating from a 220 volt network, as the most demanded in domestic conditions:

Technical details	Unit measurements	Single-phase modifications
		1/2	1/3	1/4	1/5	1/6	1/7	1/8	1/9	1/10	1/12
Working voltage	Volt	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220	~220
Power consumption	kw	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	12
The volume of the heated room	m³	120	180	240	300	360	420	480	540	600	750
Heated area	m²	40	60	80	100	120	140	160	180	200	250
Electricity consumption per day	kw	2-16	3-24	4-32	5-40	6-48	7-56	8-64	9-72	10-80	12-96
Water rise in the water system (without pump)	m	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	13
Weight, no more	kg	3
Price of the device, without control panel	rub.	4200	4300	4400	4500	4600	4700	4800	4900	5000	5100
Price of a set of accessories for a control panel	rub.	1410	1990	1990	1850	1850	1850	2540	2540	2540	2540

With all the unpretentiousness of the design of the EOU boilers, the manufacturer gives them a factory warranty of at least 10 years, and the total service life is estimated at 30 years.

Video: examples of using EOU electrode boilers

Imported electrode boilers

In addition to Russian-made boilers, models produced in some neighboring countries are in demand.

Boilers "Forsage" of Ukrainian design and production are interesting in that they are equipped with a special casing - a casing, which increases the safety of the installation and still makes its appearance more attractive.

Boiler "Forsage" in the box

The line of boilers "Forsage" is represented by five models operating from 220 V, with a capacity from 3 to 25 kW. All of them are equipped with a proprietary control unit - an electronic digital temperature controller (ECRT).

Set - boiler "Forsage" with electronic digital temperature controller

Basic characteristics of Forsage electrode boilers are given in the table:

Parameter name	Execution options
	Fast and Furious 3	FAST AND THE FURIOUS 5	Fast and Furious 9	Fast and Furious 15	Fast and Furious 25
Rated voltage, V	220
Permissible deviations from the rated voltage,%	± 10
Rated frequency, Hz	50
Rated current on one phase at a coolant temperature of 63 ° C, A	13.6	22.7	13.6	22.7	37.9
Rated power consumption, kW	3	5	9	15	25
Electronic digital temperature controller (ECRT)	ECRT-3	ECRT-5	ECRT-9	ECRT-15	ECRT-25
Heat carrier	Special coolant "Forsage-M"
Coolant volume in the heating system, l	20 - 40	30 - 60	60 - 120	100 - 200	160 - 300
Working pressure of the coolant (cold)	0,1 - 0,15
in the heating system, MPa (bar)	(1 - 1,5)
Maximum allowable pressure, MPa (bar)	0,3 (3)
Maximum volume of heated premises, m 3	100	170	300	450	750
Overall dimensions, mm	265x135x88		470x190x136
Diameter of branch pipes	1,25"
Weight, kg	1.85	1.95	6.05	6.4	6.85
Version according to the degree of protection against moisture	IPX3

And, finally, we can mention the device of Latvian design and assembly - the STAFOR boiler. It is interesting for several innovative solutions, including the use of the "Faraday cage" - the separation of the protective and working zero.

Of all the boilers, it has the highest safety indicators, and is the only one of its kind - it has passed full certification in accordance with the very strict requirements of the European Union. Such a boiler is fully equipped with its own electronics. In addition, with it, you can purchase not only a proprietary coolant, but even a special additive, STATERM POWER, which allows you to timely adjust the chemical composition of the electrolyte to adjust the boiler power.

So, the principle of operation, the advantages and disadvantages of such heating boilers are clear to the reader. He is familiar with the variety of models and the approximate price level. It remains only to make your own choice - "for" or "against".

Today there are three types of electric boilers for heating on the market: induction, heater-based and electrode. Electrode boilers are also called ionic or ion-exchange boilers, but these are the same devices.

Principle of operation

This equipment differs from other electric boilers by the presence of open electrodes, to which current is supplied from the mains (alternating with a frequency of 50 Hz). The electrodes are placed in water of a certain chemical composition. When a potential difference occurs in the electrolyte, which is water, the ions begin to move. Due to the constant change of potentials on the electrodes, the movement of charged particles is chaotic. When the ions move, a large amount of heat is released, which heats the coolant (water in this case).

Advantages and disadvantages

Is it convenient to use this type of boilers for heating? I guess, yes. It is especially good in those places where the mains voltage is unstable: even when the voltage drops to 180 V, the electrode boiler continues to work. Its power drops, but it works further. What else is convenient for such a system: if there is competent automation and the correct connection of the boiler, the system is autonomous and can maintain the set temperature on its own. Another positive point: if, for any reason, water disappears from the system, the equipment will simply stop working. It will not burn out, will not deteriorate, but simply will not work, since water, in this case, is a working medium. If she is not there is no current.

Now about the disadvantages. From the principle of operation of the electrode boiler, their main drawback emerges: exactingness to the composition of water. Not any water is suitable, but with certain characteristics. When starting the system, it is necessary to prepare the coolant according to the recommendations of the boiler manufacturer. This is usually a few teaspoons of salt or baking soda per liter of water in the system. That's all. You can also use special fluids that are produced by the same manufacturers. But this is for those who do not want to bother at all.

On the other hand, by changing the composition of the water, you can "adjust" the boiler power to suit your needs: in principle, you can make it work with both higher and lower power relative to that stated in the passport. It is only required to change the chemical composition of the coolant-electrolyte. Here it is important not to overdo it, otherwise you can "change" the composition until the boiler is completely and instantly out of order. Therefore, stay within the limits indicated by the manufacturer (as usual, “from” and “to” are indicated).

Another unpleasant moment. Even more. The current spreads in the water, and the water circulates in the system. And, in principle, the possibility is not excluded, having touched the radiator, to receive a considerable electric shock. This implies another indispensable condition for safe operation when using electrode boilers for hot water heating: high-quality and reliable separate grounding is required. It will just help to avoid such a situation.

Not the most pleasant moment - the need for periodic cleaning of the system and replacement of electrodes - they gradually become thinner and the heating efficiency decreases. In this, electrode boilers have no advantages over traditional electric boilers with heating elements.

How economical are electrode boilers

There is a constant debate about the consumption of electricity by electrode boilers. Sellers and manufacturers claim that these boilers are more economical than heating elements. They even mention the figure - by 30%. Their opponents say that if the boiler is 6 kW, then it will consume 6 kW. No more, no less.

This is true. But the owners of working systems claim that they pay less for heating (some had heating elements earlier, and some compare their bills with those of friends). Note that negative messages are written only by theorists who advocate the use of old, good, well-known heating elements. There is not a single negative feedback from the owners (viewed 5 forums).

There is one conditionally negative one: after 2.5 years of excellent performance, the efficiency of the system has dropped dramatically, and it was only partially raised, but not enough, by careful preparation of the coolant. At first glance, a significant decrease in the power of the heating unit is possible for two reasons: the electrodes are worn out and need to be replaced, or something has malfunctioned with the automation. In any case, you need to contact the service center to specialists.

How can an electrode boiler for water heating at home benefit? Due to the low inertia of the system: there are no intermediate carriers, and all the energy is immediately transferred to the coolant. This is important not only during the start of the system, but also to maintain the set temperature regime. As soon as the air temperature in the room (for greater comfort, you need to monitor this indicator, and not the temperature of the coolant) becomes lower, the system turns on. Heating starts instantly, without delays for heating the same heating element.

The situation is the same with the shutdown: the power supply was turned off, the heating stopped. And again, there is no inertia, and the temperature is kept stable, and there is no excessive consumption of electricity when idling. This is true. But in order for everything to be as described, high-quality automation is needed, and this, as we know, is not cheap.

Practitioners say that electrode and induction boilers are more suitable for the device than boilers on heating elements. They have more advanced automation and the temperature is maintained more accurately. But modern multistage boilers on heating elements can also regulate their power, although this transition is abrupt - turning on / off one or more heating elements gives power surges. So if you choose, preference for the organization of water-heated floors can be given to electrode. in this area are also good, but they are much more expensive.

To the advantages of using electrode boilers for water heating, one can add their small dimensions, low cost (in relation to even boilers on heating elements) and noiselessness during use (in contrast to induction boilers, which sometimes make a lot of noise). But here you need to take into account that in addition to the need for a separate power line, you will also need to build a separate ground loop, and this is also a cost.

In general, it is impossible to say unequivocally whether electrode boilers are good or bad. There are positive aspects, but there are also a sufficient number of negative ones. Actually, it is necessary to decide in each specific case: as always, when there are several options, the problem of choice arises. But everyone makes their own choice. We try to present the situation as fully as possible, but it's up to you to decide.

Electrode boilers "Galan": table of characteristics and reviews

Therefore, it is rather difficult to suspect them of bias, and they are persistently promoting electrode boilers. They produce flow-through equipment. This is good because the installation of such a unit does not require approval in the "boiler supervision". Another positive point: electrode boilers from this manufacturer can be used in tandem with another hot water boiler.

Now about the characteristics and prices. The data was taken from the official website, prices there are set in rubles, but due to the instability of the situation, we translated them into dollars at the current exchange rate. Therefore, some errors are possible.

	Power consumption / voltage	Room volume m 3 / m 2	Coolant volume	Price	Dimensions (edit)
					Length	Diameter	Weight
Galan Hearth 3	2 and 3 kW / 220 V	80-120 m 3 / 25-40 m 2	20-50 l	67 $	275 mm	35 mm	0.9 kg
Galan Hearth5	5 kW / 220 V	200 m 3/65 m 2	30-60 l	69 $	320 mm	35 mm	1.05 kg
Galan Hearth 6	5 and 6 kW / 220 V	250 m 3/150 m 2	35-70 l	71 $	335 mm	35 mm	1.1 kg
Galan Geyser 9	9k W / 220 or 380 V	340 m 3/110 m 2	50-100 l	130 $	360 mm	130 mm	5 kg
Galan Geyser 15	15 kW / 380 V	550 m 3/180 m 2	100-200 l	136 $	410 mm	130 mm	5.3 kg
Galan Volcano 25	25 kW / 380 V	850 m 3/285 m 2	150-300 l	142 $	450 mm	130 mm	5.7 kg

Important! The table shows the price only for the boiler itself. Automation is also needed, which, depending on the functionality and capabilities, costs from $ 50 to $ 150, sensors (each about $ 15) and a circulation pump will be needed.

From the entire assortment, Galan Ochag 3 mini-electrode heating boilers are probably more suitable for heating a summer cottage. They will be good for a one-room apartment. Available in 2 kW and 3 kW. Boilers with a lower power of 1 kW have not yet been found anywhere. Reviews of all Galan electrode boilers are positive. But in almost all it is indicated: you need to follow the rules for installing and preparing the system: check the water and bring its composition to the required indicators, or fill in a specialized solution that is produced by the same company. Properly selected automation plays an important role. On the manufacturer's website there is an announcement: "We do not bear responsibility for the operation of boilers with not recommended automation."

"Galan" produces both electrode and heating elements boilers

Most of the reviews are from the owners of Galan Geyser 9 boilers. There are no dissatisfied. Here are some facts that relate to the issue of electricity consumption by these boilers:

• House 135 m 2 in the Kharkiv region. Galan Geyser 15 is being heated. During the 2012-2013 heating season, the meter had 2,750 kW.
• Premises 120m 2 in the Dnipropetrovsk region. Installed "Galan Ochag 5". The owner says that he "missed" a little - he needs Hearth 6.
• House of 150 m 2 in Energodar (which is not indicated). Galan Geyser 15 costs for the 2013-2014 season at temperatures down to -25 ° C per month on the meter up to 1300 kW.

The reviews do not indicate the materials from which the house is built, how it is insulated and many more nuances, but certain conclusions can be drawn. Almost every review indicates that you need to keep track of what kind of fluid to pour into the system. In one of the messages, a person engaged in the repair of heating systems went to the call: the electrode boiler stopped heating at all. All due to the fact that the system was filled with ordinary untreated water from the tap. After working for a couple of weeks, the boiler stopped heating. After flushing the system and cleaning the electrodes, the temperature of the coolant still did not rise above 35 o C. The owner bought new electrodes and fluid for these systems, and after installation and repeated flushing everything works.

In general, it turns out like this: electrode boilers are simple in design, but demanding in operation. The parameters of the coolant and high-quality automation are important.