Small oil boilers. How to make a waste oil boiler. Overview of Russian-made waste oil boilers

In matters of heating, people often focus on the problem of efficiency. Therefore, heating boilers for mining have gained their popularity.

The term "processing" means used oil that has been in primary use. Liquid may be synthetic or natural.

Suitable for heating oil both obtained from culinary utensils, and from under diesel locomotives or cars. Regardless of its origin, during the combustion process, the liquid will release the right amount of thermal energy. Therefore, having such a device is very beneficial if there is direct access to fuel.

Advantages of heating boilers in development

Waste oil boilers have many advantages.

Profitability

The boiler operates on already primary waste oil. A properly configured device burns it completely.

More often, such devices are purchased by people who have access to fuel in unlimited quantities.

For example, depot workers or machine-building plants. But even if the waste liquid has to be bought, then you will still be profitable.

The cost of oil is minimal, and it is consumed economically. The oil burns out completely, which means that every penny spent on it will be worked out.

autonomy

Such a boiler works autonomously, without connection to a stationary space heating system. The buyer independently, regardless of the centralized heat supply, decides where the device will be installed. This is true in private homes, where independent heating is essential in the cold season.

Simplicity of the device

The apparatus is so easy to assemble and operate that some craftsmen are trying to assemble it on their own. The principle of operation of a home-made and purchased unit is similar, and the resources spent on manufacturing or purchasing are almost the same.

Affordability

It is no coincidence that such heating devices are very popular. Despite the fact that there are few manufacturers of such devices on the market, they do not overestimate the cost, as they are well aware that such a device can be assembled at home. Combined with low fuel prices, the consumer can recoup his purchase already for the first heating season.

Photo 1. Two boilers (yellow and red) running on waste oil. Manufacturer: Thermobile.

Wide range of applications

Waste oil boilers are used not only for heating residential premises. You can often find them in offices, institutions, and even industrial and warehouse areas. It is these factors that have influenced the fact that such devices have received a wide range of applications.

Environmental friendliness

The fuel burns out completely. Wherein no toxic waste or harmful substances are emitted into the environment. The operation of the device is absolutely harmless to people and the environment. Many models of manufacturers are marked with the eco-friendly label from various environmental organizations.

Usage efficiency

The device quickly heats the air and the room around maintains the set temperature. Warmth is felt almost immediately after turning on the device.

It not only remains in the room and does not disappear over time, but also spreads to other rooms.

Cons of using waste oil boilers

Cons of heating boilers for working out are also found.

Frequent maintenance

Along with the pros, there are also disadvantages that every future buyer should be aware of. The first one is frequent maintenance.

Such devices need proper care. Some models involve cleaning the combustion chamber of the boiler a couple of times a month.

It is necessary to clean it from the remnants of spent fuel as the filter becomes dirty, which needs to be checked at least once a month.

Main device Equipped with reusable filters, but the owners should not forget that they can easily fail. The instructions for each boiler contain information about the need for maintenance. If the equipment is operated in accordance with the instructions, then maintenance can be carried out no more often than indicated in the instructions.

Mandatory ventilation

Despite the fact that spent fuel does not emit harmful substances and combustion products into the atmosphere, the vapors are quite strong, and in the absence of ventilation, they will settle on the ceiling and on the walls. This will damage the appearance of your room, spoil the materials, and also create an unacceptable climate for such a device. Therefore, make sure that the machine is located in a place with well-functioning ventilation.

Fuel storage

Spent fuel does not need additional filtration before use, but necessary steps must be taken to store it properly.

It must not be exposed to high temperatures or direct sunlight. Best to keep in special containers designed for oily liquids.

Photo 2. Storage of used oil in special canisters. The walls of the products must be thick.

Their volume will depend on the power and amount of fuel consumption of the device. Each owner of the boiler must have at least two containers. One is small, consumable, and the second is for collecting and storing used oil.

Attention! Don't stock up plenty of fuel. Firstly, it burns rather slowly, so most of the oil will remain for the next season. Secondly, the presence of flammable liquids in residential premises is unsafe for others.

Noise at work

Unfortunately, a boiler operating on waste oil creates certain noises. This happens due to the operation of the fan and exhaust system. Therefore, it is advisable to install such equipment away from living rooms and rest rooms. The noise is quite loud and can interfere with sound sleep.

Kinds

The mining boilers are divided into pyrolysis and turboheaters.

Pyrolysis

This equipment made of sheet steel using steel pipes.

After manufacturing, the device is covered with heat-resistant paint. All elements make up a one-piece structure, where only the cover from the combustion chamber is disconnected.

The design of the device is simple. It includes:

Control block;
built-in fan;
remote oil pump;
combustion chamber with a water jacket.

In device no burner.

Operating principle such devices is simple:

Into the supply container spent fuel is poured through a hose, it is fed into a special chamber.
Evaporation chamber made of thick steel, heated to a certain temperature.
As it warms up, the oil starts to evaporate at the bottom. The escaping steam rises into the combustion chamber.
In its center there is a perforated pipe, which blows air from the fan.
Oil heated The vapors mix with oxygen and burn.
As a result of this process the water jacket is heated from the inside.
The vapors are directed to a gas-tube heat exchanger.
Passing through the water jacket the vapors cool down a little and are fed into the room.
Energy is transferred to the coolant. The combustion products themselves rise through the ventilation and leave the room.

Important! The main difference from other waste oil boilers is the absence of burners, which increases the reliability of use, and also affects the ease of operation. The design is very compact and easy to install.

Turbo burners

The principle of operation is similar to the functioning of diesel devices. It lies in the fact that the fuel is sprayed and the oil mist burns directly.

Photo 3 The arrows indicate the components of the structure.

The distinguishing features of such a device include sensitivity to fuel quality. If it contains various impurities or water, the burner will not start. You need good electrical power.

This device works in the following scenario:

Butter poured into a special compartment.
Under the influence of the flow of air masses, it enters the area of direct ignition. There is already a set temperature.
There is a pyrolysis effect.
Gaseous volatile products are released, which mix with oxygen and exit the hole. That's where they burn.
However, resinous products begin to accumulate in the compartment.
After the burner is turned off, the maximum temperature is maintained.
The air supply also does not stop.
Non-volatile pyrolysis products are preserved. The burner cleans itself.

All device consists of hard metal alloys. Top coated with heat-resistant paint.

Terms of use

In order for the boiler to serve for a long time without service, it is necessary to pay attention to the rules of use.

Fuel

Waste oil for boiler operation can be used for almost any purpose. The main thing is that it meets a number of requirements that are imposed by device manufacturers.

Photo 4. Draining used oil into a special container. The liquid itself is dark brown in color.

If you have additional filtration systems, feel free to use them. The cleaner the used oil is, the more efficient the combustion process will be. This also affects the fact that you will carry out less maintenance work during operation.

If the analysis reveals that the fuel contains a large amount of water and antifreeze, then it is necessary to filter the fuel completely. There are specific guidelines on how to remove such impurities.

Manufacturers often recommend using hydraulic, motor, transmission oils, as well as oil from an automatic transmission. But it is not recommended to use fuel oil in the device.

Calculation of fuel for the boiler takes place in accordance with the heat loss for each specific room. It is necessary to take into account data on the insulation of the place, its glazing, the operating mode of the boiler, as well as the required set temperature. Depending on the manufacturer, the calculation will be performed according to individual formulas. It is best to contact the manufacturer directly to identify this issue.

The most commonly used is the following formula:

B = d*(h1-h2) + d*(h1+h2) /qn

Where: h1- efficiency factor,

h2 is the enthalpy of the fuel,

d- heat of combustion of fuel,

qn temperature and specific heat capacity of the oil.

How to properly and safely pour fuel into the boiler?

Before starting work, you need to carry out a number of actions that ensure the safety of using the device:

Open liquid container. This is necessary so that it has time to interact with oxygen.
Thereafter disconnect the device from the mains and power supply, check the degree of sealing of the seams.
Fill the collection screen with oil. Need to pour 10 mm layer. The oil must be clean.
Add 100 ml of kerosene to this liquid.
Take the wick and soak it in kindling.
Lower to the bottom of the container.
Set the work on fire.
Watch how the seams and oil behave. All actions must be carried out with gloves.
Close the cover.
After that, the device will start working., and you can check how well it works.

Photo 5. Refueling a homemade boiler with used oil. Fuel is poured into the lower part of the unit.

Do not get oil on foreign areas and parts of the device. All must be closed during operation. additional sources of oxygen supply such as doors or windows.

How to maintain the oven?

The waste oil boiler control system provides a simple and fairly trouble-free operation of the apparatus. The buyer is required to perform three actions during the working season:

Cleaning the heat exchanger

To carry out such a procedure, you need to find access to the boiler. It, in most cases, provides a removable back panel. Having got rid of it, you can remove soot and combustion products yourself, without the involvement of specialists. First, use a dry cleaning technique, and then go over with a damp cloth.

Nozzle replacement

If your device has been working for a long time, then the need to replace the nozzles may appear. already in season 1. Fuel is supplied directly to the burner, the combustion process takes place under pressure. The nozzles burn out and need to be replaced. Remove the nozzles and find the right size. Install according to the instructions.

Fuel filter cleaning

Oil, mainly machine oil, contains a huge amount of small fractions of metal and other substances.

All of them settle on the filter, clog it, because of this, the device stops functioning properly. Filters are changed at least once a season.

This procedure will protect the nozzles from contamination and, accordingly, burnout. All other systems and devices are functioning without the need for various hygiene procedures. one

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It is rare that ordinary people have not heard that there is a practice of burning used oils in special installations in order to obtain thermal energy for heating rooms or the building as a whole. A home-made waste oil boiler can be found in almost every garage, and even more so at car service stations.

Meanwhile, many homeowners are also interested in this type of energy carrier and would like to purchase a factory-made heat generator to heat their homes. The question arises: what kind of equipment do manufacturers offer to organize the heating of a house at work?

Overview of Waste Oil Heaters

If we have met or heard about home-made boilers quite often, then branded products are not so common. The main reason for this phenomenon is the decent cost of heating equipment from both Russian and foreign manufacturers. But there are often situations when heat generation from old oils or diesel fuel remains the only alternative, so interest in this equipment is not lost.

In order to organize home heating using waste oil, manufacturers offer the following types of equipment:

Heat generators operating on the principle of pre-evaporation of fuel.
Boiler plants with specially adapted flare burners.
Liquid fuel boilers.

Units of the first type have the simplest design. The principle of their operation has some similarities with pyrolysis boilers. At the bottom of the combustion chamber or in the built-in bowl, a certain oil level is maintained by the fuel supply system, and air is supplied there through a vertical pipe. The bottom line is that it evaporates from the heated surface of a combustible liquid, after which these vapors are burned out with the participation of secondary air.

How the unit works on waste oil should be considered using the example of the Russian BELAMOS boiler, which is shown in the figure.

Scheme of operation of the boiler in mining

During the combustion process, the water jacket is directly heated through the walls of the furnace, in addition, heat is removed from the flue gases in a two-way fire-tube heat exchanger. Thus, after passing through the flame tubes, the combustion products go outside with a low temperature through the chimney pipe. Air is forced into the furnace by means of a fan. For ignition and cleaning of the combustion chamber, a sealed door is arranged in the lower part of the body. Waste oil is stored in a separate tank, it is delivered to the unit by a pumping fuel station.

The advantages of this type of installation are as follows:
A simple design, so you can make a boiler with your own hands.
The electronic unit smoothly regulates the intensity of combustion.
Maintenance of the heater is a simple operation, it is performed independently.
Relatively low cost of equipment.

Of the significant shortcomings, it is worth highlighting the low efficiency (not higher than 90%) and dependence on electricity. When it is turned off, the oil-fired boiler will go out, and when the power supply is restored, human intervention will be required for ignition.

Boilers with flare burner

These waste oil boilers are produced, as a rule, universal. That is, the main unit with a cylindrical combustion chamber and a three-way fire-tube heat exchanger is adapted for the installation of various burners.

Boiler with built-in burner

The general arrangement of the boiler block and the heat exchanger is standard, so the burner is of greater interest, which is used for heating in mining. Its design and principle of operation can be studied using the example of the well-known German brand KROLL, the burner operation diagram is shown in the figure.

Flare burner device

The oil pump-dispenser maintains a constant fuel level in the preheating chamber. There, it is heated to the optimum ignition temperature using an electric heater, after which the oil enters the nozzle. As can be seen from the diagram, the principle of operation of the boiler provides for the supply of two types of air: a fan for combustion and a compressor for the operation of the nozzle. Ignition is carried out automatically, at the command of the controller. It also controls the fuel heater, fan and fuel pump or metering device.

Waste oil burner boilers have noteworthy advantages:

High efficiency of fuel combustion, manufacturers claim the efficiency of their products at 96%.
Automation devices and means ensure comfortable operation of the plant with minimal human intervention. Even after a power outage, the burner starts automatically.
Possibility of switching to other types of fuel by replacing the burner.
Simple and infrequent maintenance.

With a burner, self-manufacturing of a waste oil boiler is greatly simplified. It is only necessary to assemble the boiler block with high quality and correctly, where the burner will be installed.

Significant disadvantages of the heat generator are the high cost and the complicated air supply and fuel supply system.

Important. All types of oils burned by burners must be filtered from solids. Otherwise, blockages and interruptions in the operation of the nozzle may occur.

Extraction air heaters are essentially oil burner furnaces with an additional fan to create a stream of heated air. Otherwise, they repeat the design of the previous type, only without a water jacket and flame tubes. The scheme of operation of the air heater is shown in the figure.

Conclusion

When traditional energy sources are not available, a mining boiler may be the only way out of the situation. It is worth considering the fact that factory-assembled units can operate not only on machine oils, but also on diesel fuel, oils of vegetable origin and even animal fats. To change the type of fuel, it is enough just to adjust the combustion air supply, there is no need to interfere with the design.

Furnaces for burning recycled oil were developed at the beginning of the last century. Currently, they are used not only for the disposal of production waste, but also allow heating small utility and other utility rooms, as well as country houses. This article will discuss the principles of heating from a waste oil boiler with a water circuit, as well as how to build such a unit with your own hands.

It is worth noting that used oil is very cheap, and in some cases it can be picked up free of charge, subject to self-delivery, since it is unprofitable for service stations, restaurants or repair shops to dispose of waste on their own. Therefore, this type of heating is considered economically beneficial for the consumer.

How does a mining boiler work

The principle of operation of a solid fuel boiler during mining is to burn oil - the process is similar to the operation of a blowtorch, that is, the fuel is converted into gas during combustion, and the air is drawn in by the nozzle to maintain the flame.

Let us single out several features of the operation of the boiler during mining:

the design provides for two tanks located one above the other;
for conjugation of containers, a pipe is used through which air moves;
used oil is poured into the lower container;
when heated, the oil evaporates and moves to the burner;
vapors ignite when exposed to air;
the mixture of burning gases with oxygen moves to the upper tank, where it burns out completely, and the waste is evacuated into the chimney.

Advantages

As already noted, the main advantage of this type of boilers is the availability and low cost of fuel. Sometimes you can get it for free.

However, such devices have other advantages:

small sizes;
long service life;
reliability;
work without connection to the mains;
the possibility of self-assembly;
use in a heating system with a water circuit;
high speed of heating water for heating and domestic needs.

Waste boilers are environmentally friendly, because as a result of operation, the fuel burns out completely, without generating waste, harmful gases, soot or smoke. Waste oil heating is an economical way to heat rooms.

Due to the efficient combustion of oil, a comfortable temperature is created in the room. In addition, by arranging the hob on top of the boiler, you can cook food or heat water for tea.

The safety of such furnaces should be noted separately. Oil burns only inside the boiler, and if it leaks, it immediately goes out, so that the risk of fire is minimized.

Flaws

Like any equipment, mining boilers also have some negative sides:

the boiler needs regular cleaning due to the nature of the raw materials used;
for the same reason, it will be rather dirty in the boiler room - cleaning is unlikely to help for a long time;
the operation of such boilers is not regulated by any legal acts;
Since we are talking about combustion, it is impossible to completely eliminate the danger - especially if the boiler damper is opened during operation.

The described shortcomings are not too critical, therefore, with proper operation, such installations have the right to life.

Industrial production

Although it is not at all difficult to make a boiler for working out with your own hands according to the finished drawings, nevertheless, industrial enterprises also produce such products.

pens for animals;
warehouses and garages;
production shops and technological lines;
winter gardens and greenhouses;
city and private baths;
country houses.

It is noteworthy that the equipment of the heating boiler with a water circuit will allow it to be used more efficiently and heat a large area.

Among the most famous brands of boilers for mining from industrial manufacturers, there are several:

Boiler Kroll SKE 100 F, made in Germany. A universal unit capable of operating on any type of mining, including vegetable oil, as well as diesel fuel.
Model Kroll W401-L, made in Germany. Any type of waste is also suitable for this device. This does not require additional installation of the burner.
Finnish boiler DanVex B-30 and B-220 with a single-stage burner. Processes diesel fuel, any kind of mining and even traditional furnace fuel.
The Teplamos NT-320 and NT-370 models, made in Russia, are capable of running on any liquid fuel, including kerosene and diesel fuel.

In any case, such a boiler can be assembled independently, and even a water circuit can be connected to it.

Making a boiler for working out with your own hands

If you still decide to assemble a waste oil boiler with your own hands, the drawings will allow you to understand its structure and prepare the right amount of material.

In the process of work you will need:

sheet metal - for containers, you can take sheets 4 mm thick, and make a lid from metal 6 mm thick;
chimney with a section of 100 mm;
coasters or corners for legs;
grinder with a circle for metal;
welding machine and electrodes to it;
drill and drill bits for metal.

Alternatively, in order not to cook the firebox on purpose, you can take an old gas cylinder of a suitable size or even a used refrigerator compressor.

Work technology

When all the tools and materials are ready, you can get to work. Do not forget to check the boiler diagram during mining during operation, so as not to make a mistake, and correctly assemble the installation and connect the water circuit to it.

We collect the lower tank in this way:

we make a container from a sheet of metal - we cut out the parts and weld them together;
for the legs we cut a corner 20-25 cm long;
we weld the corners to the bottom surface of the furnace tank;
from thicker iron we cut out a blank for the lid;
we drill a hole in the workpiece for filling fuel and supplying air.

Please note that a damper is required for the hole in the lid, which will allow you to regulate the air supply to the fuel chamber, control the intensity of combustion and heat transfer.

Now, referring to the drawings, the mining boiler with a water circuit must be assembled together. We mount the lid on the lower container - make sure that it fits snugly against the tank, without gaps and cracks.

Burner pipe parameters:

section not less than 100 mm;
length - from 35 cm.

About 50 holes with a cross section of 9 mm should be drilled in the pipe along the entire length.

To create the upper tank, the technology will look the same as the lower one:

the container body is made of sheet iron 4 mm thick;
for the cover we take sheets 6 mm thick;
on the surface of the cover next to the place of subsequent installation of the chimney, we weld a special partition;
we join the finished container with the burner tube;
at the end we mount the cover and the chimney.

Especially carefully in the process of assembling a waste oil boiler according to the drawings, you need to take into account the assembly and installation of the chimney, because it will bring combustion products out.

The technology in this case is:

for the pipe we use heat-resistant steel;
since in the uppermost part of the chimney the temperature of the hot gases will no longer be so high, this section can be made of galvanized steel or tin;
it is desirable that the length of the chimney be 5 meters or a little more;
part of the chimney is best placed at an angle so that it gives off heat more efficiently;
on the last section, the chimney must be located only vertically;
To prevent precipitation from entering the chimney, a special visor is put on it.

Checking the oven before operation

Before installing a self-assembled waste oil boiler indoors, you need to check its performance outdoors.

For this:

pour about 2 liters of mining into the fuel chamber;
roll some paper into a tube and set it on fire;
paper can be impregnated with a special compound for fires so that it burns better;
we lower the ignited paper into the lower tank;
close the damper, leaving a small gap;
using a damper, we regulate the air supply so that the flame is stable;
The boiler will begin to give off heat after 5-7 minutes.

If you urgently need to extinguish the installation, but the oil has not yet burned out, use a fire extinguisher - water will not work in this case.

After the trial run, if the unit functions properly, you can move on to installing it indoors.

The choice of a place for a mining boiler is carried out taking into account the following points:

the possibility of free access to the installation;
the absence of flammable materials within the reach of the boiler;
low passability of the place - preferably in a corner with an indent from the walls of at least 50 cm;
the presence of high-quality and proper ventilation.

To warm up large rooms, a water heating circuit is connected to the boiler. In this case, the installation in its upper part must have a distribution tank with two outlets to the heating system - upper (outgoing) and lower (return).

Through the outgoing channel, the heated water will enter the heating circuit, and through the return channel, the already cooled coolant will flow back into the heating tank.

The water pipeline, if necessary, equipped with radiators, is bred throughout the room.

Safety

It is possible to achieve efficient operation and safety during the operation of a self-assembled boiler only if the following conditions are met:

strict compliance with the dimensions of the installation with the specified parameters in the drawings;
compliance with recommendations and standards;
stable position of the installation and tightness of its constituent elements.

Fuel Options

The described boiler is able to function on any mining - transformer and depreciation, vegetable oil and other options. The only condition is that the composition of the fuel does not contain water impurities.

To improve the quality of combustion, other substances can be added to the mining composition, for example:

fuel oil;
kerosene;
substance for lighting fires or barbecues.

But flammable substances, such as gasoline, alcohol or others, should not be used in such boilers in any case.

In addition, if the boiler is still on fire, fuel must not be added to it. This can be done only after the previous batch has burned out and the installation has cooled down.

Service procedure

The efficiency, the level of heat transfer and the safety of operation depend on the quality and regularity of the maintenance of the boiler during mining. Such a boiler needs regular cleaning, which is more convenient if the installation can be disassembled. Therefore, this possibility should be foreseen in the manufacturing process.

In order to clean the boiler, you need:

remove the chimney;
take any container;
put a pipe in it;
lightly tap the pipe on the bottom of the container;
dispose of the soot spilled out of the chimney.

The outer part of the chimney can be cleaned with household chemicals.

Results

A heating boiler that is capable of operating on industrial waste, that is, on waste oily liquids, cannot pretend to be beautiful in appearance. However, its efficiency and economy compensate for some disadvantages.

And with proper assembly in compliance with our recommendations and technical requirements, you can get a reliable installation without spending a lot of money on its assembly. In addition, fuel for kindling can always be purchased cheaply.

A heating boiler using waste oil as fuel is one of the most efficient designs and is a fairly affordable device. It can be used to maintain a certain temperature in rooms of completely different functionality.

It is worth noting that the waste oil used in such a boiler has a fairly high level of productivity, and besides, its cost is low, so such a boiler will be quite economical.

Waste oil boilers have a large number of various positive characteristics:

This heating boiler can be completely assembled by yourself, without recourse to professional developers in this field;
Its design is so simple that does not require serious financial investments;
Waste oil is one of the cheapest types of fuel used in boiler houses;
There are not too many parts in standard boilers of this kind, due to which the probability of their failure is quite low.
The boiler does not take up much space and is a fairly compact design;
It can be installed even indoors, without fear of ingress of combustion products. This is due to the fact that the boiler has a closed casing;
It is allowed to use as fuel absolutely any used engine oil;
It is a very comfortable device., because due to its design unpleasant odors are not formed.

The principle of operation of the boiler

A heating boiler that runs on waste oil operates on the basis of a number of points. The installed oil deposit takes the required amount of fuel from the supply tank and transfers it to a special evaporation chamber.

In fact, it is a standard metal pipe. It is worth noting that for this purpose it is best to take a pipe with fairly thick walls so that it can withstand the highest possible temperature.

In order for the used oil to become suitable for use in the heating system, it is brought to a temperature of 40 degrees. When fuel hits the bottom of the chamber, it gradually begins to evaporate, becoming an oil vapor, which subsequently rises into the combustion chamber.

When assembling such a boiler, it must be taken into account that any system that functions due to used oil must be equipped with a heating system without fail. If we neglect such a moment, then the used oil will not become the required temperature.

This will further lead to poor ignition of the fuel, it will not be able to burn out in full. The same fact will cause the formation of a large amount of soot, from which the boiler will have to be constantly cleaned so that it does not fail.

In order for the combustion chamber to work normally, a so-called perforated air duct is added to its design, through which additional air comes in due to a special boost fan. Further, the oil vapors will mix with air and form a certain mixture that can completely burn out. As a result, the heating system will warm up to the fullest, and the combustion products will go into.

When assembling such a boiler, it must be taken into account that any system that functions due to used oil must be equipped with a heating system without fail

Do it yourself

To independently assemble a heating boiler that will use used engine oil as a fuel, you will have to use the following structural elements:

Boiler;
Pump;
Burner;
Compressor;
Special ;
Line for the inlet and outlet of the coolant from the boiler;
Various equipment for welding.

When assembling the structure, it is taken into account that it is imperative to make a chimney through which all combustion products will go outside the building. The ceiling will have to be protected from strong heat beforehand, so the chimney is placed in a special casing.

Be sure to take into account that the structure must be assembled in such a way that a fairly strong thrust is formed in it. It will be necessary to make a damper, which will allow you to block the draft at one moment. If there is no possibility or desire to buy a special damper for such a boiler, then they think over a system for protecting the ingress of air from outside, because in this case it will be uncontrolled.

In addition, the use of a damper prevents the room from cooling too much if the equipment is idle for a certain time, so it is still desirable to install such an element.

The self-made design is equipped with an open design burner, as a result of which oxygen is burned in the room. Its deficiency can cause carbon monoxide poisoning, so it is necessary to consider how the room will be ventilated.

The easiest way is to install a self-assembled heating boiler on a stone or on a heat-resistant tile. Sheathing it with panels made of plastics or wood is prohibited, as this can cause a fire. You can paint it with heat-resistant materials. If all the features of the technology are observed, then the output will be a reliable device that will work stably without endangering the life, health and property of people.

Detailed manufacturing instructions

Work on the independent production of a waste oil boiler begins with the direct preparation of building materials:

First, cut off from a pipe of a larger diameter a piece about a meter high;
From a small diameter pipe cut off about 20 cm;
One of the steel plates is equipped with a hole, the diameter of which should be 20 cm, and a hole is sawn into the other, depending on the diameter of the chimney;
On both sides, the cylinder is closed with these plates and welding. Do this so that there is a plate with a hole of a larger diameter at the bottom;
Then a small cylinder is welded, the bottom of which is also brewed using a plate;
Fix on the body of the legs of the reinforcement and make ventilation holes.

The result is a cylindrical structure, in the lower part of which there is a small reservoir. A door is cut through from below, and the system is connected to the chimney from above. To turn on the boiler, open the door, pour used oil into the tank and set it on fire. This is the most elementary design of the furnace, especially since you can often find products that are much more complicated.

A standard waste oil boiler usually looks like two boxes made of fairly strong steel. They are located one above the other and connected with a perforated pipe. A hole for filling oil is cut in the lower case, and the second metal box is connected to the chimney.

It is very easy to make a similar design more perfect: connect a supply tank with used oil, a pump for its supply, a water circuit, a compressor, and so on.

A standard waste oil boiler usually looks like two boxes made of fairly strong steel.

Providing drip fuel supply

This issue is one of the most difficult when assembling a heating boiler that runs on waste oil. The fact is that solid impurities contained in the oil do not affect the operation of the burner, however, the drip mechanism may fail due to them.

In order to get rid of such a problem, you can put an oil filter from an old car at the end of the intake hose. With its help, it is possible to achieve complete oil filtration. However, it should be remembered that when installing such a part, the filter element will have to be changed on average once a month.

Features of the production of a water boiler in development

The water circuit involves the installation of pipelines and radiators. The most effective is the installation of a steel pipe, the diameter of which should be 43 mm, through which the connection is made. They are passed either under the finishing floor or along the walls.

Assembling a waste oil boiler involves installing an expansion tank. In its quality, a small container with rather thick walls is suitable. It is attached to the top of the boiler and connected to it by welding or bolting.

A small hole is cut in the upper part through which hot water will go into the heating system. A pipe is also welded in the lower part, through which the cooled water will return to the boiler for further heating.

Operating rules

When using a heating boiler that runs on waste oil, certain rules must be observed. Otherwise, gas contamination of the room or even fire may occur.

The basic rules for using the boiler are as follows:

The operating device is prohibited. leave unattended;
When the boiler is on, fuel cannot be added to it;
In a boiler of this design, only used oil can be burned., it is not adapted for the use of other types of fuel;
Care must be taken to ensure that water does not fall on the surface of the hot boiler., otherwise, due to a sharp cooling, it may simply burst;
A working boiler has a burner opening should always be open;
Combustible and flammable substances it is strictly forbidden to keep near the boiler;
When the boiler is turned on, the damper is not closed otherwise all the carbon monoxide will go into the room.

When the boiler is in operation, the burner opening must always be open.

Disadvantages of mining boilers

The main disadvantage of such a device is that its reaction to shutting off the air supply to the furnace will not be instantaneous. Consequently, the combustion process will not stop immediately, but after a certain period of time, during which the heating of the coolant will continue. When the flame finally goes out, it will need to be rekindled. This is done manually, unless the design provides for any other approach.

Another drawback of the mining boiler is its contamination compared to other heating appliances. This is primarily due to the fuel used. If the structure is assembled correctly, then an unpleasant odor will not come from it. If the technology is violated, such a smell will penetrate into the room to one degree or another.

Another, no less significant, disadvantage of such boilers compared to other designs is the need to purify fuel from various solid impurities, which may include pieces of metal or metal shavings. If you do not establish a filtration system, then the device will fail after a certain time, and it will be very problematic to return it to working condition.

Before pouring oil into the structure, it is advisable to first defend the mass so that neither water nor any other substances remain in this material. If this is not done, then during operation the device may simply turn off or its operation will become unstable;
When using such a system in the room where it is installed, there must be an acid-type fire extinguisher without fail. This is due to the fact that if water or a similar liquid enters the surface of the structure, a fire or explosion may occur.

The choice of energy source for heating is the "cornerstone" in the design of the entire system. As an alternative to traditional
solid fuel or gas models, you can consider waste oil heating boilers for a private house. They differ not only structurally, but in some operational parameters .

The principle of operation of waste oil boilers

The specificity of the use of heating devices of this type is preliminary fuel preparation. Waste oil must be cleaned, for some systems - heated to the desired temperature. There are also differences in the principle of obtaining thermal energy.

(Homemade design)

Currently, a waste oil hot water boiler can operate according to the following schemes:

Burner. It is a block that can be installed in almost any solid fuel boiler . Advantages - good efficiency, small size and the presence of a control system. The main disadvantage is the high cost;
An oil boiler designed to use only waste or a similar fluid. To organize heating, you can purchase a factory model or make a similar design yourself.

The working principle is preliminary oil is heated, causing it to decompose into heavy carbohydrates and gas. In the pyrolysis zone, the latter is oxidized. The resulting gas is a fuel with the highest calorific value. Ash by-products settle in the lower part of the ash pan and are removed when it is filled.

To increase the efficiency of work, heating boilers of this type are equipped with an air supply system - a supercharger. Particular attention is paid to the fuel supply control mechanism.

Boiler Gecko: design and principle of operation

Front independent By the manufacturer of heating equipment, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with similar factory models. As an example, consider Gecko brand boilers. They have good enough operational qualities, characterized reliability and productivity.

(Gecko boiler design)

How Gecko Boilers Work

To get acquainted with the general principle of operation, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the stages of converting fuel into thermal energy.

Through the fuel line (9), the used oil enters the evaporator (11).
Under the influence of temperature, the above-described transformation into a gas occurs.
Since it is lighter than air, the vapors rise along the vortex device (14).
Passing through the holes in this element, they ignite in the afterburner.
The air blower enriches the mixture with oxygen, which increases the heat output.
The transfer of energy to the coolant (water, antifreeze) occurs through the walls of the heat exchanger. They are in the afterburner.

To remove carbon monoxide, a gas duct is provided in the design. It is also designed to create thrust that circulates air flows inside the combustion chamber.

Making such a design with your own hands is not problematic. The main thing is to choose the right material for manufacturing and act in accordance with the developed technological scheme, taking into account the specifics of the drawing.

dispenser

The specifics of the operation of waste oil boilers is to create a device for supplying fuel. It is recommended to develop a simple and reliable scheme, according to which the oil will enter the combustion chamber in the required volume.

The designers of the Gecko boilers took the path of "least resistance". The principle of communicating vessels was used. dispenser installed separate from the boiler and connected to it by means of a fuel line.

(Dispenser diagram)

The fuel supply is adjusted by setting the position of the float. He opens (closes) the supply valve. In this way, the heating power can be reduced or increased.

When calculating a home-made design of a waste oil boiler, the following nuances must be taken into account:

Dispenser volume ;
The mechanism of its replenishment;
Float material. It should not collapse under the influence of fuel.

Having a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe principle of operation of boilers of this type, you can start making a structure with your own hands.

Stages of manufacturing a waste oil boiler

Heaters must meet certain requirements, the main of which are safety, efficiency and economical fuel consumption. Therefore, the first stage of design should be given special attention.

Drafting

It is not necessary to make the boiler according to a specific scheme. In practice, masters choose the optimal drawing and adapt it according to the existing conditions. An analysis of the available materials is made, a list of necessary tools is compiled.

(Drawing of a simple waste oil boiler)

To begin with, you can consider the design of a simple boiler. It consists of the following components:

Two barrels. The lower one is necessary for the installation of heating equipment, the upper one acts as a water tank;
Pipe with holes and damper cap ;
Oil container.

The advantage of this system lies in the ease of manufacture. But due to the lack of an ash pan and an air blower, the efficiency of the boiler will be small.

It is best to make homemade counterparts based on the actual dimensions of the structure.

Material selection

When selecting boiler components, guided by principle expediency. If you plan to heat a small room, waste oil equipment can be made from a gas cylinder.

A small modernization is enough, including the manufacture of a pipe with holes, an inlet for fuel supply and a chimney.

(Boiler from a gas cylinder)

If it is necessary to make the oven completely from improvised materials, you should choose the right accessories. When choosing, experts recommend adhering to such requirements:

Steel grade and thickness. You can use 15K or 20K. They withstand significant temperatures without reconfiguration. The thickness of the steel for the combustion chamber is from 3 mm or more. Frame manufactured from metal 2 mm. Application of cast iron impractical, since it is difficult to process;
Welding. The main condition is the tightness of the structure and the reliability of the welds;
Position control . To do this, legs with a height change function are welded to the bottom.

After the manufacture of the boiler, it is necessary to check its reliability and the quality of the welds. When testing, the power must be increased gradually, while maintaining the integrity of the elements.

Waste oil boiler automation

For normal operation of heating equipment of this type, it is necessary to ensure a uniform flow of fuel. For this, automation is used, similar to the Gecko dispenser. In addition to it, you can use other waste oil supply schemes.

(Mechanical fuel supply)

Maximum automation is possible with the use of electronic control circuits. You can use the schema intellectual thermostat".

(Scheme of automation)

The power source is a device with parameters 12V, 30 A. Before fuel is pumped into the container, burner operation is blocked C1 . Activation is possible after charging the capacitor, subject to activation intellectual thermostat . The same scheme works for pumping fuel into the receiver. It stops after charging the capacitor C3.

In some cases, it will be necessary to adapt the described scheme for the operation of a specific boiler model using waste oil. Changes depend on the required power of the equipment and the capacity of the fuel storage tank.

An example of a homemade design can be found in the video: