Which is better than a concrete screed or wooden floor. Floor on logs or screed - let's figure out which is better. Ceramic tiles and porcelain stoneware

The basic interior issues include the decision on how to make the floors in the apartment, which determines the overall style of each room.

Not only the artistic part is important, but also resistance to wear and tear, ease of cleaning, environmental component and just a feeling of comfort underfoot.

The desired effect will be achieved by choosing a material corresponding to its characteristics and observing the technology of its laying.

The main elements of the device

Repair the concrete base before finishing the floor

Regardless of the decision of how to cover the floor in the apartment, whether new floors are being laid or the floor in the apartment is being replaced with our own hands, work starts from a concrete base.

The slab floor may already have a high-quality screed, otherwise it will have to be done - to concrete large drops and fill it with a self-leveling compound. The horizontal plane will give confident support to all areas and layers of future beautiful floors.

If the floors are not insulated, it is necessary to install insulation

The floor structure for an apartment is a sequential alternation of the following levels:

concrete floor slab;
waterproofing (for bathroom, kitchen, toilet);
thermal insulation (while performing the task of soundproofing);
floor covering (also includes additional technological accessories - a plinth, ventilation grilles for a wooden floor on logs).

Determining which floor in the room is better to do (PVC tiles or parquet) is necessary for each room separately, depending on its purpose. Children's room, bedroom, corner for sports activities differ in stress and intensity of impact on the entire structure to the very foundation.

Protective level

A crucial step in the work is to calculate what to put on the screed under the selected floor, what material is better to use as insulation.

Each type has certain characteristics, including the minimum thickness at which they appear in standard values and determine which floors are best done in an apartment.

It is necessary to consider the brand and type of insulation for various floor finishing options according to the following characteristics:

thermal conductivity (an important indicator for first floors, cottages with non-residential basement levels with low air temperatures);
recommended thickness;
absorption of noise;
water absorption coefficient, vapor permeability;
fire resistance;
weight, ability to withstand load (density);
application technology, consumption per 1 m², amount of waste;
health safety.

The difference in floor levels between rooms is not desirable (not safe), with the exception of sanitary and hygienic rooms, in which it is provided for by building codes in case of accidents with water spills.

Material

Combine foamed polyethylene with other materials

Before making the floor in the apartment with your own hands, you need to calculate the expected effect in comparison with the budget and the availability of the selected material for various types of finishes:

Foamed polyethylene. It lays down in a thin layer, but it is advisable to combine it with other types to obtain full protection from noise and cold.
Styrofoam, expanded clay. A low-cost option, but it involves the device of logs for flooring flooring and requires a space of 5-10 cm in height. This also includes the dry screed technology. The practice has shown good results in terms of heat preservation and sound insulation. The disadvantages include high specific moisture absorption, so it can be done in fairly dry rooms.
When choosing a heater, keep in mind that mineral wool does not tolerate moisture well.
Mineral wool. It also fits into a wooden crate, but does not tolerate moisture well, it is not recommended for use in living rooms due to environmental parameters. An alternative is such a type of fiber insulation as ecowool. It is produced on the basis of cellulose and sprayed in a continuous layer. Insulation in the form of cotton wool is sensitive to high humidity.
Polymer boards. Expanded polystyrene, extruded foam for an apartment can lie in 1 layer (with a sufficient ceiling height - multi-layer). Seams are coated with adhesives. The high density of the material, the inclusion of acrylic and rubber additives allows it to withstand significant mechanical stress.

In the rooms where it is planned to lay ceramic tiles, it is advisable to apply the "warm floor" technology.

Surface layer

In all the variety of coatings, you need to figure out which floors are best made for each specific setting (concrete floor or parquet).

So, what to use for covering the floor, which room the material will correspond to, is chosen from the following basic positions:

wood board;
parquet;
ceramic or polymer tiles;
laminate;
linoleum;
carpet;
cork sheet.

A clear comparison in terms of performance can be seen from the table:

The flooring materials presented can cover a concrete, wooden base, lined with sheets of plywood or moisture-resistant drywall. Manufacturers produce products for finishing the floor in an apartment, which have a variety of colors, textures, patterns and whole compositions, panels.

Linoleum

A modern manufacturer offers a wide range of colors and properties of this finishing material.

It belongs to the most popular coatings today. Easy to fit, waterproof, fairly affordable price, the assortment has a wide variety in color and pattern. It can be insulated with fibrous substrates, placed on a foamed bottom layer, so that it can be immediately laid on the concrete floor in the apartment.

The material is quite soft, subject to permanent deformation from heavy objects, and needs to be treated with care. Of all the options that can be used to cover the finished base, the fastest.

Linoleum is made using a natural or polymer base. According to its purpose, it is divided into 2 types: commercial (intensive loads in office, industrial buildings) and household (non-commercial).

In comparison, which floor covering to choose, the first type wins in terms of resistance to wear, but one must pay attention to the fact that it was originally designed not for rooms with a small volume and poor ventilation.

The commercial type has a higher content of harmful components, therefore it is not recommended to use it in residential premises.

Laminate flooring

Laminate slabs imitate any textures and colors

Natural wood was replaced by floor finishing with multi-layer types of artificial boards with increased performance characteristics. The texture and pattern successfully imitate parquet, stone, precious woods and much more.

At the same time, laminate is much more affordable and easier to install than parquet. The standard size is 0.25 x 1.5 m, the design is prudently equipped with locks that connect the lamellas to the overall picture of a beautiful floor. The set surface without breaks in area can reach up to 100 m².

For rooms for different purposes, when asked which floor to choose, a material of the corresponding strength class is used (marked with a two-digit number, starting with 2 for domestic needs or 3 for commercial).

Carpet

It is a common decision when choosing which floor is better to make in a recreation area, children's (play) room. The canvas is made from synthetic, natural threads.

The pile can be long or absent, like a carpet. At the base, rubber, felt or jute are used.

The carpet structure can wrinkle under load, become clogged with dirt, and absorb liquids. Carpet requires careful handling, careful maintenance, cleaning. Therefore, you should not start the hallway with them, apply it in the kitchen, but it is better to lay it in the living room or bedroom.

Cork cover

Available in 2 types: decorative and technical (for the substrate). It comes in a roll version and a plate version. For the pros and cons of cork flooring, see this video:

Cork has a full range of desirable qualities in all respects, except for price. The material is environmentally friendly, has excellent thermal resistance, low sound conductivity, mechanical strength at low thickness.

The roll is unrolled, cut to size, laid on a base prepared with an adhesive. The slab is laid end-to-end. When laying directly on a concrete floor, a softening underlay is required so as not to be squeezed by small particles.

gurupola.ru

Floor covering in the apartment: what is the best to do?

Every person wants his apartment to be cozy, comfortable and beautiful. In solving this problem, the choice of flooring plays an important role. And since the floors in the apartment are under serious stress, the chosen material should not only be attractive, but also meet the requirements of safety, durability and ease of maintenance. Consider the most popular flooring options and find out which one is best suited for installation in an apartment.

Variety of floor coverings

Today's flooring materials market is full of variety. Parquet, laminate, linoleum ... Which one is better is a difficult question.

All coverage can be divided into three conditional groups:

Wooden - parquet and parquet board, solid wood, cork, laminate.
Elastic - linoleum, carpet.
Ceramic or stone - ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware, self-leveling floors.

Wood panel

An honorable place among the materials for finishing the floor is occupied by floor coverings, in the manufacture of which wood is used.

Natural parquet

Parquet is a classic flooring material. It has not gone out of fashion for many years and is an indicator of the well-being and excellent taste of the apartment owners. Today's parquet looks like a ready-made board of a fairly large size, made of valuable wood with an already existing pattern on it. There is also block parquet. You can lay out unique compositions from it. It is made most often from solid wood:

from oak;
beech;
maple;
ash.

Whatever type of parquet you choose, with proper care it will last at least 50 years.

Parquet is environmentally friendly and completely safe, but it obliges to prepare a high-quality sub-floor, refers to expensive materials and requires maintaining a certain temperature and humidity in the room.

Parquet board

For the manufacture of parquet boards, natural wood is also used, but each lamella is not a solid piece of wood, but a firmly glued three-layer structure. Such a coating will cost less than parquet, it is easier to install and maintain. Parquet boards are presented in different shades, they can be combined and composed. This type of floor will last about 15-20 years.

Solid wood flooring

Floors made of ordinary wooden planks laid on logs have not lost their popularity. Despite the seeming simplicity, they have many advantages:

one hundred percent environmental friendliness;
availability, practicality;
the ability to create a room interior in a specific style;
this floor is pleasant to the feet and looks great.

With proper care, this coating will delight the owners for about 30 years.

Cork

Cork cover close to ideal:

It is natural, warm, strong enough, pleasant for the feet and good for health.
Cork floors are available in a variety of colors to create interesting compositions.
This material does not accumulate static electricity at all.

The cork can be coated with special oils and varnishes, or it can be used without coating. The service life of cork floors is from 5 to 20 years.

Important! Keep in mind that strong mechanical stress may leave marks on the cork floor.

Laminate floors

Laminate flooring is gaining more and more popularity due to its outstanding characteristics:

It is affordable, practical and reliable enough.
Laminate perfectly conveys the color and texture of natural wood, stone, tiles.
Laminate boards are equipped with a locking system.
Even a beginner in the renovation business can handle the installation of such a floor.

Laminate has several strength classes. The higher the class, the more durable and expensive the material is.

Elastic coatings

These include two materials: linoleum and carpet.

Linoleum

Is the absolute leader among floor coverings:

affordable;
easy to install and maintain;
absolutely not afraid of moisture;
looks nice.

Linoleum comes in a wide variety of shades and patterns and is sold in rolled sheets or tiles. Such a coating is attached to the base floor with special adhesives. In 5-10 years it will have to be replaced.

Carpet

It can be called a relative of the carpet, which has its own characteristics:

The carpet can contain both artificial and natural fibers.
Sold in rolls or as carpet tiles.
It is very easy to install and fixed with glue.
Diverse in texture and color, injury-free.

The disadvantages of such a floor covering are a relatively short service life, lack of moisture resistance and difficulty in cleaning and cleaning.

The hardest

This type of floor has excellent performance characteristics.

Ceramic coating

Ceramic tiles and porcelain stoneware have a lot of advantages:

floors covered with this material are not afraid of moisture;
have a very attractive appearance;
strong and durable;
easily attached to special adhesive mixtures.

But they also have disadvantages:

The coating turns out to be hard, traumatic and cold.
It is better to mount heating systems under it, otherwise walking on the floor without shoes will be uncomfortable.
Special preparation of the substrate is required before installation.

Self-leveling floor

Modern self-leveling floors are used not only as a rough screed. They can be an excellent topcoat and contain highly artistic three-dimensional designs and various decorations under a polymer layer. Self-leveling polymer floors are:

epoxy;
polyurethane.

Both materials are environmentally friendly and durable, they are not at all afraid of water and other liquids, and do not require any special cleaning.

The disadvantage of this type of flooring can be called a special exactingness to the surface on which it is laid. The base under them must be perfectly flat, dry and clean.

Important points when choosing a coating

Each person decides for himself how to make the floor in the apartment. But when choosing a material, several fundamental points should not be overlooked.

The main criterion for choosing a coating is the room in which it will be installed. The whole apartment can be conditionally divided into zones:

area for receiving guests and rest (these are bedrooms, living room, nursery);
"Wet" area (kitchen, bathroom);
passage area (entrance hall, corridor).

For each of these zones, you need to choose your material based on their functional characteristics and the loads that the floor carries.

The choice of gender is influenced by the lifestyle of the family and its composition. What works for a single married couple may not always work for families with children. When children are in the house, the floor should be safe, hygienic and easy to clean. Coverage must meet the same requirements if there are animals in the apartment.
Material security also plays a role. For example, floors made from natural materials are quite expensive. For families with limited means, they are likely to be beyond the means.
An apartment located on the ground floor will limit the choice of floor coverings due to the increased humidity and proximity to the basement.
In some apartments, it is impossible to make the floor heavier due to the formation of an additional load on the floors. Consequently, floors that require a concrete screed will have to be abandoned.

What is suitable for the floor in the hallway

In any apartment, the entrance hall is the area of the greatest load on the floor. Dust, street dirt, water, bicycle wheels and sled runners require a particularly robust and durable floor sweep. At the same time, the hallway should be beautiful and not stand out from the overall interior of the entire apartment. What is the best way to make the floor in it?

Of the materials listed above, porcelain stoneware and ceramic tiles are ideal for the hallway. They are practically unlimited in service life, are easy to clean, transfer moisture, dirt and are resistant to mechanical stress.

Glossy tiles will not fit in the hallway. Snow becomes very slippery and can cause injury.

Linoleum is also a good option for a hallway, the main thing is not to dwell on its cheap varieties. It is better to choose a material with a natural composition, commercial or semi-commercial: such coatings are able to withstand almost everything.

If the choice fell on a laminate, you need to pay attention to its strength class. For the hallway, a coating of class 32 is suitable.

How to make a bedroom floor

What floor should be in the bedroom? This question is faced by everyone who makes repairs in an apartment. The bedroom is a room for relaxation, here people often go barefoot. Therefore, the floor should be warm, pleasant on the feet and beautiful.

From natural coatings, solid wood, parquet and cork will perfectly cope with these tasks.
From the arsenal of synthetic materials, carpet is perfect. It is pleasant to the touch, walking on it is soft and comfortable. In addition, it has good sound insulation, which cannot be achieved from other artificial materials.
Laminate is also often used for bedroom flooring. It is durable, beautiful, but it is not very pleasant to walk on it with bare feet, so it is better to put small rugs on the floor near the bed.

Whatever material for the floor is ultimately chosen, let it please the owners with its appearance for many years.

mr-build.ru

How to make the floor correctly in an apartment: an overview of practical options - Floor school

In this article, we will look at how to make a floor in an apartment and at the same time be proud of our work and enjoy the result in the future. And for this it is important to do everything right.

Much depends on what it is now and what floor in the apartment you want to make in the future.

A new floor is always good

If you bought a bare box in a new building, then you should definitely start with the floor screed of the apartment.
If the boards creak and sag, then it may be possible to limit ourselves to a partial or complete replacement of the wooden covering.
If you want to insulate the base or enhance sound insulation, then you can only add the necessary materials to the structure.

Concrete floor

Preparation of the base

In what cases can such a skill be useful, how to make concrete floors in an apartment with your own hands? In many. This is a kind of panacea for the bad sex.

So, the reasons for concreting:

Lack of coverage at all. If, for example, it is just a new building put into operation.
The need to level the surface for subsequent coating with parquet, laminate or tiles.
Preparation for the installation of "warm floors".

If you are wondering which floors are more reliable in the apartment, then opt for concreting. A properly placed tie will not bother you for a couple of decades.

Photo of cement screed

To understand the correctness of this judgment, let's group all the merits of this material.

Benefits of concrete

Ease of use.
Relatively low price.
Versatile functionality. Due to the presence of various additives, it can be lighter, more durable, quick-setting and have other additional qualities, which, however, increase the cost of the material.
High strength and durability.

Installation progress

How to make a flat concrete floor in an apartment? First of all, the base should be well leveled with a expanded clay pillow.

And the following instructions will help you not to skip the installation steps:

We completely clean the base to the ground, if it is a private house, and to the floor slab, if it is an apartment.
We create a pillow, covering it with sand or expanded clay. We also level the surface in this way.
We put up beacons.
We take care of how to make the floor waterproofing in the apartment. Cover the surface with plastic wrap. We fasten the joints with assembly tape.

High humidity protection

We install the iron mesh.

Steel mesh

We divide the surface into several parts with wooden blocks.
Fill in the prepared mixture.

Advice: use a ready-made cement-sand mixture, which has higher performance and greatly facilitates the workflow.

We ram.
We take out the bars and fill in the resulting indentations.
We cover with a foil so that the screed does not get weathered during the drying process, and cracks do not appear.
We are waiting for complete solidification.

Dry screed

A very interesting and modern type of concreting is a dry screed. How to properly make the floors in the apartment in this way? Much easier than classic concreting.

Installation process

Until the moment of using the DSP, the points of the installation process are the same as in the "wet" screed.

We lay gypsum-fiber moisture-resistant sheets carefully, without fidgeting over the surface, with an offset to ensure greater strength of the coating.

Advice: take care of an assistant for mounting the sheets. Since they are large and heavy, you can forget about neatness when laying alone.

We fix it with self-tapping screws. For a more reliable result, you can also use glue.
We putty on irregularities and cracks.
We process the surface with a grinder.
We apply bituminous insulation.
Ease of installation. No dirt.
High heat-saving properties.
Ease of laying communications.
Fast installation.

Of course, the use of such material is more expensive, but it all depends on the situation. If the question becomes how to make a floor in an apartment with your own hands quickly, then the option of using gypsum-fiber sheets may well help you out.

After concreting, the surface is ready for the installation of a finishing layer of your preferred material.

Parquet on a concrete base

Wooden floor

The next task is how to make wooden floors in an apartment. After all, it is incredibly pleasant to walk on a wooden floor. Or there is simply not enough financial capacity to completely replace the floor, and the creak of the floorboards is already unbearable.

Then you can carry out a partial or complete replacement of the boards. At the same time, it would be quite logical to take care of sound insulation and insulation of the floor covering.

Let's take everything in order:

We dismantle the fillets of the floor.
We remove paint and varnish from the boards.
We number the products.
We remove the floorboards, determining their condition. Rotting and cracked ones are necessarily replaced with new ones.
We treat the inner side of the products with mold protection.
We remove all existing debris.

The working process

Checking the status of the lag. We replace those that have sagged and become unusable.
Between the floor joists we mount an insulating material: mineral wool, glass wool, expanded polystyrene. This will also serve as additional sound insulation.

Floor insulation

Using a plastic film, we install a vapor barrier over the insulation.
Install the floorboards back.
We attach to the logs with self-tapping screws.

Tip: Using an electric screwdriver will greatly speed up and simplify the process of fixing the boards.

Using a spirit level, we check for irregularities. If we find it, then we cut it off with an electric plane.
We process possible cracks with putty.
We grind the surface thoroughly.
We carry out dry and wet cleaning.
We process the floor with olive.
We mount baguettes.

The wood surface is ready for a fine finish. But since the tree itself is also beautiful, you can limit yourself to applying paint or varnish.

The beauty of wood flooring

Conclusion

We have discussed with you how to make a concrete floor in a new apartment and how to give new life to an old wooden flooring. (see also the article Floor Design: Interesting Solutions)

The main thing is to do everything right, using all available new products and according to your needs. During the repair work, do not forget about additional insulation and sound insulation.

The result of the work performed

The video in this article will acquaint you with visual information on this material.

Let the floor covering in your home always please with strength, warmth, dryness and its appearance!

shkolapola.ru

How to properly lay floors in an apartment

The floor in the apartment is the most important part of it. Firstly, furniture and most of the equipment, a washing machine, a stove, a bathtub, a shower stall, a toilet and other plumbing fixtures are installed on the floor. A person is constantly in contact with the floor, walks on it, often barefoot. Sometimes you have to lie on the floor, even sleep. The floor must be well adapted for cleaning, as all debris falls on it, liquids and food debris are spilled. The floor separates us from the people living in the lower apartment, and the comfort in the apartment depends on how well it is insulated.

That is, in addition to strength, it must protect the apartment from extraneous sounds and foreign climate. It is the finished, well-executed floor that makes the apartment ensemble complete.

Floor installation is not a cheap undertaking. Nevertheless, the variety of materials and methods of its device allows you to build a fairly comfortable and aesthetic floor based on the most modest budget.

Thus, the floor in the apartment carries the following functional loads, which must be taken into account when installing it:

Carrier.
Warming.
Sound insulating.
Moisture insulating.
Aesthetic.

Floor construction in the apartment

The floor in the apartment is mounted on the upper surface of the interfloor overlap and consists of two main layers:

intermediate;
flooring.

In the simplest cases, for example, in a Khrushchev apartment, there is no intermediate layer. The floor covering in it, most often PVC tiles, linoleum, or thin cotterless parquet strips, are glued directly to the upper surface of the concrete slab with bitumen mastic, latex or PVA glue.

In the best case, the top surface of the board was smoothed with a thin layer of cement screed before gluing. It is no wonder that in such apartments the audibility and thermal qualities leave much to be desired. The flatness of the floor plane in such apartments is also far from ideal.

In modern houses, inter-apartment floors are complex reinforced concrete or metal structures, equipped with layers of heat, moisture, sound insulation. In monolithic frame structures, ceilings are most often poured from expanded clay concrete - an excellent insulating material. In these cases, insulating layers should be installed in the intermediate layer if the insulating properties of the floor are insufficient.

A timber joist floor can also contain heat and sound insulation. Most often it is mineral wool, laid between the beams. A waterproofing layer may also be provided there. Already on the beams, an intermediate layer is mounted, which can consist of logs, a sub-floor, insulating layers of insulation and waterproofing, a screed, and a floor covering is placed on top. The wooden floor, which forms a single sheet thanks to the split planks, can be laid directly on the joists. If the beams are located far from each other, the joists are attached to the beams.

There may be no overlap, for example, in basements or basements. In this case, the floor is mounted on a screed that covers a specially prepared cushion consisting of compacted layers of sand and gravel lying on the ground.

Types of floor bases

The floor in the apartment, in contrast to the individual house, is arranged according to the existing floor "from the builders" in the new house, or along the girder floor in the old one. For this reason, before laying the floor, it is necessary to carefully examine the floor. In old houses, it is necessary to raise the old floor and carry out an examination of the floor beams. Replace or reinforce damaged beams or replace them with new ones. The best solution would be to replace the beam covering with reinforced concrete.

Overlappings in new houses, depending on the construction technology, can be made of reinforced concrete panel ceilings, or in monolithic frame houses - solid expanded clay concrete.

The following can be used as beams:

wooden beam;
reinforced concrete beam;
metal profile (T-beam or I-beam or rail).

Beams are installed during construction directly into the wall, or on concrete beams installed in the wall.

The beams can be wood or concrete. In Khrushchev's houses, hollow-core panels were most often used as floors, which served as the basis for the floor on one side and the ceiling on the other.

Overlappings from builders, in addition to surface defects, may have a slope. Therefore, the floor surface is covered with a screed, which solves two issues:

makes the surface smooth enough for the position of the floor covering;
makes the surface horizontal.

Cement strainer

The simplest type of screed is a cement screed. The grout is prepared from 400 grade cement and river washed and sieved sand. Currently, ready-mixed dry mixes are available for sale. But you can cook it yourself. The composition of the mixture:

Sand - 3-4 parts.
Cement - 1 part.
Water - so much that the solution resembles sour cream.

The sequence of actions when installing a cement screed:

clean the floor surface from destroyed, cracked concrete;
thoroughly clean from debris and dust;
measure the slope and calculate the required amount of solution;
decide on the composition of the mixture for the solution, prepare it or use it ready-made;
add water and mix the solution in a concrete mixer or in a container using an electric drill with a mixing attachment;
pour the solution, evenly distributing it over the floor area, while smoothing with the rule along the guides to the desired level.

After completing all work, during the entire curing time, it is necessary to moisten the pouring surface daily by spraying it with water. It is possible to cover the surface of the filling with polyethylene to preserve moisture.

The term of the final setting and drying of the screed is 28-29 days.

Semi-dry cement screed

Recently, the semi-dry screed method has become widespread. Its main advantages are:

short curing time of the mixture, sufficient for laying the floor covering;
no risk of leaks to the lower floor;
plasticity of the screed and, as a result, the absence of cracks and cavities after hardening;
additional heat and sound insulating properties.

The composition of the mixture for laying a semi-dry screed differs from the wet one in a significantly lower water content. In addition, a significant amount of plasticizer is added to the solution - fiber, which keeps the screed from cracking.

The composition of the mixture is as follows:

Clean building sand, fineness modulus = 2.0; fraction up to 5 mm - 2 parts.
Cement grade 400D20 - 7 parts.
Water - 1 part.
Fiber - 700 gr. for 1 cubic meter m solution.

The laying procedure is the same as for cement screed, with the difference that:

the prepared solution should be of the consistency of wet sand;
set beacons and guides according to the level;
install thermal insulation along the wall in the form of tape, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene;
sketch out the solution, spreading it evenly over the floor area;
as a rule, smooth the solution into a horizontal surface in accordance with the beacons;
when the mortar starts to stick, wipe the surface to finish.

The main advantage of a semi-dry screed is that after 12 hours it hardens enough to be walked on. After 42 hours, porcelain stoneware and tiles can be laid on it, and after 7 days - laminate, PVC or linoleum tiles. The fact is that although a semi-dry screed is gaining strength very quickly, moisture evaporates from it little by little over the course of a month. Therefore, it is better to arrange a parquet floor on a fresh screed after a month of exposure, since even minor fumes can spoil the dry parquet.

Dry screed

The main advantage of a dry screed is that it can be covered with a floor covering immediately after installation. The intermediate layer of dry screed is formed as follows. Waterproofing in the form of a 0.2 mm thick polyethylene sheet is laid on the floor surface. From above it is covered with expanded clay or sand, which is carefully leveled and compacted with a flat vibrator or roller.

A special metal profile is laid on the layer formed in this way, which is covered from above with gypsum-fiber plates arranged in a checkerboard pattern, which are attached with mounting screws to this profile. If the backfill is more than 7 cm thick, the top layer is reinforced with another layer of gypsum fiber boards. The floor covering is immediately laid on the finished screed.

Self-leveling floors

In the case when it is necessary to obtain a perfectly smooth horizontal surface, ready for laying linoleum, PVC tiles or laminate, the best intermediate layer can be obtained by pouring a liquid solution of a certain composition onto a well-waterproofed base. Such a solution is formed by dilution with water, in accordance with the instructions attached to each package of ready-mixed mixture, a wide variety of which is currently available on the building materials market.

The mixture consists of cement, gypsum, fillers such as fine sand and contains various chemical components that contribute to the rapid and uniform spreading, plasticization and stabilization of the resulting coating. The ideal horizontal surface forms itself under the influence of gravity. That is why these mixtures are called self-leveling. Different formulations are associated with different conditions and different thicknesses of the coating formed.

Wooden floor

In front of the floor, heat and sound insulation should be placed between the beams. It can be mineral wool, expanded clay or slag. Porous insulating material loses its insulating properties to a large extent when it absorbs moisture or steam. Therefore, it must be carefully insulated with a moisture-proof film, for example, polyethylene or roofing material. If the size of the film is not enough, its sheets should be overlapped, sealing the edges with tape.

If the distance between the beams does not exceed 60 cm, then the floor can be laid directly on the beams. If not, then logs are laid on the beams, perpendicular to their direction at a distance of 50-60 cm.
Lags are also placed directly on the reinforced concrete floor or screed.
Logs are wooden beams with a section of 50 × 100 made of coniferous wood. When laying, it is necessary to set the upper edge strictly horizontally using a level. The distance between the lags should not exceed 60 cm.

A pre-cut floorboard is applied to the logs, which, thanks to the cotter pin, forms a single floor sheet. It is necessary to mount ventilation ducts in the walls, leaving the walls at a distance of several centimeters from the plinth, closed with openwork hatches. These moves are necessary in order to ventilate the space between the logs and the underside of the board. For greater strength, the boards are attached to the logs with self-tapping screws inserted at an angle at the level of the cotter pin in order to hide their heads and to be able to process a single floor surface with a polishing machine.

The best planks for flooring are mahogany and oak, but most often they are made from softwood. Siberian larch boards have an optimal price-quality ratio.

After polishing, the floor can be varnished or painted. In either case, it is necessary to follow the painting instructions and, if necessary, pre-coat with special primers. This will significantly lengthen the life of the paint layer.

A sub-floor can also be laid on the logs, on which PVC tiles, linoleum, laminate can be laid as a floor covering. For this, the sub-floor is covered with additional leveling sheet material, such as fiberboard. Covering from tiles or porcelain stoneware on a wooden covering is possible only if a reinforced reinforced screed is applied on top.

The subfloor can be recruited from a floorboard, chipboard, OSB. In this case, no additional leveling layer is needed. Parquet is laid on the sub-floor.

Types of flooring

Floor coverings complete the installation of the floor. This is exactly the material that will be addressed to the person, will be in direct contact with him and which will take on all external influences.

Board

A grooved floorboard is used for covering with a wooden board. It is a planed board in the form of a regular parallelepiped, along one of the narrow edges of which a ridge (tongue) is cut to the full length, and on the other, opposite, a corresponding groove. This form makes it possible, by assembling the boards so that the tongue of one goes into the groove of the other, and to form a solid continuous floor from the individual boards.

The thickness of the floorboards ranges from 25 to 45 mm. The thicker the board, the less "plays", that is, the floor bends. The thinner the floorboard, the smaller the distance between the logs should be. For example, with a board with a thickness of 25 mm, the distance between the logs cannot exceed 60 cm. When installing a floor from a floorboard, it is necessary to leave a gap between the wall and the edge of the floor at least 1 cm for expansion from moisture and temperature.

The board must be well dried (at least 10% moisture). After installation, the wood floor can be polished, varnished or painted. The gap near the walls, at the end of the installation, is covered with a plinth. A floorboard is not made from linden and alder.

Parquet and laminate

Parquet, in fact, is a small floorboard with grooves and cotter pins on all sides in pairs. That allows you to collect the floor cloth from the dice of a relatively small size.

The small size of the parquet board allows it to be made from valuable wood species, while the yield of products without flaws (knots and other defects) is significant.
The small size of the parquet board requires a subfloor for installation. In this case, every fourth to fifth board is attached to the underlying subfloor with a self-tapping screw screwed into the tongue obliquely and flush.
Parquet can be set with patterns, the most common of which are a herringbone and a chessboard. However, the spacious floors in the halls of the palaces make it possible to collect parquet from blocks of different sizes and shapes, forming a beautiful pattern. Such parquet floors are piece goods and are very expensive.

Parquet is undoubtedly the most human-friendly floor covering. However, it has a significant drawback. When even a small amount of moisture gets into it, it warps, and when flooded, it "rears up".

An alternative to parquet is an unpretentious laminate. Externally, the laminate is very similar to parquet. In fact, it is a parquet board, but made not of solid wood, but of a four-layer material, the main, bearing layer of which is a thin fiberboard impregnated with resins. A mounting layer is glued to it from below, providing rigidity, paper on top, with a printed pattern, as a rule, imitating natural wood, covered with another layer of melamine or acrylic resin provides wear resistance. Structurally, the laminate board repeats the tongue-and-groove lock of the parquet, which makes it easy, quick and reliable to assemble the covering.

Linoleum and PVC tiles

Linoleum is probably the most common and most versatile coating that exists today. The first linoleum was jute burlap, on which a cork crumb material was applied, pressed with linseed oil as a binder. It has proven itself over the years as a coating material for floors, walls and countertops. The current linoleum has retained the basic idea of two layers, fabric and surface, but both have undergone many changes.

Basically, in modern linoleum, various woven and non-woven materials, such as felt, are used as a fabric base, which simultaneously serve as a base and insulation. Numerous wear-resistant materials are used as the surface layer, for example PVC in various versions and compositions. Modern technological capabilities make it possible to imitate any material and texture on the surface of linoleum and paint it with incredible patterns.

All this allowed us to produce an incredible range of strength, insulation and other capabilities. But the distinctive feature of linoleum, which favorably distinguishes it from ceramic tiles and stone, is its "warmth" in sensation and some softness. Dishes that have fallen on the linoleum floor will not be broken so unambiguously. And bruises from falling on linoleum will not be as painful.

PVC tiles are tiles made from a special multi-layer composite material based on crushed natural stone and very durable vinyl. It is available in a wide variety of colors. Thanks to its modularity and variety of colors, it allows you to get incredibly designer decor on the floor. Its main advantages:

ease of installation on bituminous mastics and adhesives;
simplicity of laying and dismantling makes it easy to replace damaged tiles;
and cheapness - to change the boring pattern;
the tiles are extremely durable and adhere well to the surface.

PVC tiles are the most democratic flooring material.

Ceramic tiles and porcelain stoneware

Ceramic tiles are one of the oldest facing materials. Previously, there were two varieties:

facing tiles covered with glaze and with underglaze painting;
metlakhskaya, glazeless, rough, for the floor.

Nowadays, there are also ceramic tiles of various sizes and purposes. Their main advantage is the strength of the material and resistance to any aggressive influences. However, in the manufacture of tiles, the material and modes of heat treatment are of great importance.

Such tile-producing countries as Spain, Germany, Italy and the Czech Republic have proven themselves to be excellent. Choosing tiles from such new market players as Turkey and China, you can win on the budget, but lose in quality. However, these manufacturers also have high-quality products, which saves on cladding. The disadvantages of tile flooring are slipperiness when moisture gets on it, brittleness when struck by a heavy object, "coldness" in sensation, hardness, which leads to the fact that dropped glass and ceramic dishes break into small fragments, which can pose some danger to children and pets.

If earlier the installation of tiles was carried out on a solution, then with the development of the construction adhesives industry, installation is carried out with their help. The main tool is a wide spatula with cutouts for applying the adhesive. The adhesive is applied to the tiles and then the tiles are fixed to the prepared surface. We must not forget to leave a small gap between the tiles, for which there is a simple and affordable equipment. This gap is necessary to compensate for the thermal expansion of the tile when the ambient temperature changes. The joint is then sealed with special grouts and improves the aesthetic appearance of the surface.

Porcelain stoneware is very similar to tiles, but has slightly different qualities. Porcelain stoneware was obtained in Italy in the late 70s and is produced by sintering ceramics and natural minerals at very high temperatures and pressures. This process is very similar to the natural processes occurring in the bowels of the earth during the formation of granite. The result is an incredibly durable material, superior in strength to granite and approaching corundum.

Technologies make it possible to paint it so that the tile made of it not only imitates all known gems and semi-precious stones, but also allows you to get any color and pattern, and distributed over the entire thickness, and not only on the surface. In addition, the material is lighter than natural stone and has additional thermal insulation properties. It polishes well and is somewhat warmer than ceramic tiles.

The most important advantage of porcelain stoneware and ceramic tiles is their absolute hygiene, which makes them an indispensable floor covering for bathrooms and kitchens.

Conclusion

The topic of flooring is very broad. Obviously, the variety of materials and technologies makes it possible to build a comfortable, functional and beautiful floor for every taste and for any money. Nevertheless, I would like to note that, despite the simplicity and clarity of the flooring procedures, it is better to entrust this responsible work to a professional, since a synthesis of knowledge, experience and practical skills of a person who is constantly engaged in work in this important direction is necessary to obtain a good result.

The comfort of the residents and the durability of the structure largely depend on the material from which the floor is made in a private house. When looking for a suitable option, you cannot focus only on its cost. It is necessary to take into account the purpose of using the building (summer cottage or permanent housing), the capabilities of the contractor, the characteristics of the materials.

Types of floors for private houses, their advantages and disadvantages

Wood and concrete are most often used as flooring. Currently, self-leveling floors are gaining popularity, which are often used to equip one or several rooms. Which material is better for home? In order to make the right decision, it is necessary to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each type of coating.

Wood covering

The tree attracts consumers with its environmental friendliness. Pros of wood floors:

when choosing a quality material, there is no need for flooring;
keep warm well;
do not create a large load on the supporting structures of the building;
a damaged board can be easily replaced with a new one;
you can change the design, since the wood lends itself well to staining.

When arranging wooden flooring, you need to take into account the peculiarities of the construction. If a private house does not have a basement, then it is better to build a double floor in order to place a layer of insulation between the subfloor and the topcoat. Lower quality wood planks are used as a roughing layer. Wood floors have several disadvantages:

for laying, it is necessary to provide for additional structures - logs, which makes installation laborious;
it is necessary to process materials with fire retardants and special substances to reduce the fire hazard and increase the service life;
with high humidity in the room, the tree begins to rot;
wood is susceptible to the influence of rodents and insects;
when dry, cracks form, and the boards crack.

Concrete floor

The popularity of concrete floors is due to their durability. The benefits also include:

quick and easy installation;
cheaper than wooden;
moisture resistance;
high strength;
not interesting to rodents and insects;
fire resistance.

However, concrete creates an additional load on the foundation and supporting structures of a private house, therefore, calculations must be made first. For wooden summer cottages and the second floor, a concrete floor is not the best solution. Other disadvantages:

if the installation technology is violated, the concrete may crack;
filling requires the use of rules and special beacons to control the level;
after pouring, you cannot immediately start operating the premises (it takes about a month for the surface to dry completely);
in living rooms, concrete floors should not be left without flooring, since they are cold;
without finishing, the surface looks unattractive.

Self-leveling floor

Self-leveling floors attract consumers with the ability to give the room an unusual and attractive look. They are made from special mixtures capable of self-leveling after being applied to the surface. Advantages:

an even and beautiful floor is created;
the materials used save the owner from the need to use another decorative coating for the floors;
there are numerous design options;
you can move on the floor already 12 hours after applying the mixture;
coatings retain heat well.

The main disadvantage is the high cost. The disadvantages of the coating also include:

the need for preliminary preparation of the concrete screed;
for application, special devices are needed;
if the technology is violated, bubbles form on the surface.

Laminate, tiles and other types of flooring

Floor coverings are the exterior finish of the floor. They are needed to give the room an attractive look and additional insulation of the premises. Applying a topcoat to a wooden surface makes it more durable. As you can see in the photo, there are many options for flooring, presented in various colors and textures. The table provides a brief description of the most popular ones.

Name	Description	pros	Minuses
Laminate	Covering imitating wooden planks. Consists of several layers: paper impregnated with resin or paraffin, HDF, decorative and protective films. Thickness - from 6 to 12 mm.	availability of expensive and budget options; simplicity and high speed of installation; incombustibility; resistance to mechanical stress; ability to retain heat.	deteriorates from moisture; fits only on flat surfaces; reflects sounds; emits toxic fumes during a fire.
Linoleum	Flexible web produced in rolls. Made from natural materials or polymers.	affordable price; there are options from natural raw materials; the ability to simulate various types of surfaces; moisture resistance; easy installation; a perfectly flat surface is not needed for laying; high thermal insulation; soundproofing; ease of care.	heavy objects leave dents on the coating; damaged when exposed to sharp objects.
Ceramic tile	Fired clay plates.	resistance to moisture, high temperatures and ultraviolet; non-toxicity; ease of care.	beats easily; cold; styling requires professional skills; increased slip when wet.
Cork	It is made of cork bark in the form of slabs.	environmental friendliness; soundproofing; low thermal conductivity; easy to clean; no sliding effect; moisture resistance.	relatively short service life; high price; exposure to mechanical stress; the coating must be varnished.
Wood parquet	It looks like plates that fit into the canvas.	naturalness; strength; keeps warm; gives the room a solid look.	deteriorates under the influence of moisture; difficult to mount; gets dirty quickly; requires additional care.
Carpet covering	Roll material with a fleecy surface.	insulates floors; no need to lay carpets; resistance to fading; soundproofing.	the complexity of cleaning; accumulates dust; absorbs odors and moisture; it is necessary to additionally lay a waterproofing layer.
A rock	Stone slabs of various shapes and sizes.	strength; long service life.	makes the structure of the house heavier; the surface of the floor is always cold; high installation costs.

Requirements for the floor in different types of premises

When choosing a material and type of coating, it is necessary to take into account the purpose of the rooms. Requirements for floors in different rooms:

Hallway. A lot of dirt accumulates here. The floors are subject to high mechanical stress. You need to choose durable, moisture-resistant coatings that are easy to care for.
Kitchen. The room is exposed to hot fumes, and dirt often gets on the kitchen floor. The coverings must be moisture resistant and easy to clean.
Living rooms. For them, it is necessary to select environmentally friendly coatings that retain heat.
Bath and toilet. There is high humidity in these rooms. The floors in the bathroom and toilet must be moisture resistant and not deteriorate from exposure to household chemicals.

Warm floor

Underfloor heating is a special arrangement of the heating system under the finishing floor covering. They use 2 heating systems - water and electric. Installation is carried out only on concrete floors. The top coat must not be flammable (especially when using electrical structures). Benefits of underfloor heating:

reducing the cost of heating the house and summer cottages;
no need to additionally install radiators;
warms up cold floor coverings (for example, in a kitchen or bathroom).

However, the cost of installing underfloor heating is quite high. For installation, it is necessary to turn to the services of professionals, since an error made will entail additional costs for rework. Electrical systems are energy intensive.

Dear Reader! Your comments, suggestions or feedback will serve as a reward to the author of the material. The following video has been carefully selected and will definitely help the perception of the stated.

In the modern construction market at the moment there are many floor coverings, but, as before, the base for them can be of only two types: concrete or wood. This article provides instructions on how to equip the base with your own hands, a comparative analysis of the advantages of these coatings will also be given, and which floors are better than wood or concrete for you, you can decide for yourself by analyzing this article.

Photo of a reliable floor.

Wooden floor

Lags can be based on brick or concrete posts, laid on a foundation or attached to walls. Read more about each method in more detail.

Installation lag

Lags are laid on the posts in buildings with a large square. The step between the posts is from 70 cm to 1m. About 60 cm is left between the rows.
Before erecting the posts, the soil layer should be removed, as a rule, the fertile layer is removed, or the soil is simply removed 20-30 cm below the soil level around the house.
Next, we mark the places for the posts and under each column we make a small foundation, as a blind area we fill in gravel with sand and put brick columns 1.5 or 2 bricks wide in the solution. It should be laid with a well, the inner space is reinforced and filled with concrete. You can simply make a formwork for a 50x50 cm post, install a reinforcing grid and pour concrete.

Concrete posts.

All columns are aligned horizontally. On top of them, waterproofing from 2 - 3 layers of roofing material is laid.
After that, a blind area should be made. It can be made from gravel, crushed stone or sand; in some areas of our country, where there are metallurgical plants, it is cheaper to fill up dump slag. The blind area is covered with layers and compacted, it should rise 200 mm above the ground.
Next, we lay the logs along the level with a 100 mm approach to the foundation, be sure to leave a gap of 20 mm between the logs and the wall.
If the structure is small, then you can do without the installation of posts, but in this case, the logs are taken of a larger section or logs are used as load-bearing beams.
The supporting bearing beams must be laid on the plastering or foundation piping by at least 100 mm, plus 20 mm for the damping gap. If the foundation is narrow and there is not enough support, then the beam cuts into the wall to the missing depth, but no more than half of the wall. Special metal supporting structures can be attached to the wall and beams can be laid on them.

Installation of the lag on the pillars.

Floor installation

When the logs are laid, we begin to mount the floor. The coating can be single or double.

We will consider a more capital double, since a single cover is an unfinished double.

Installation without pillars.

Important: all the wood that goes to the floor must be treated with protective solutions. For a finished floor, they must be colorless, a rough floor covering is the cheapest to process with engine oil.

Initially, you need to fill the bottom of the lag with a 40x40 mm cranial bar. The strips of the first level of the rough covering are laid on it, it is not necessary to nail them, since only insulation will lie on them. As a rule, a croaker or non-edged board is taken.
Further, as a waterproofing, polyethylene is covered and fastened with a stippler. Insulation is placed on it in the openings between the logs, the best option is mineral or glass wool. The level of the insulation should be 15 mm below the level of the finishing coat.
The insulation is covered with a vapor barrier and a finished floor is mounted on top.
For interfloor floors, where the floor of the upper floor is the ceiling of the lower one, an edged board is initially attached to the logs from below with self-tapping screws, and a lining or other finishing material can be stuffed onto it.
Next, a vapor barrier is covered on top, insulation is laid on it and covered with another layer of vapor barrier. After that, you need to lay a 5.5 mm soundproofing gasket on the logs, it can be a cork or foamed polyethylene and a clean, wooden covering is already spreading on it.

Laying the lower level between the joists.

Concrete base

Concrete foundation is more durable and therefore, at this time, most buildings are made just like that. But concrete has one serious drawback, it is cold. In this regard, the concrete base can be insulated on its own, or an insulated topcoat is laid on top, for example, a wooden floor on a concrete base.

When building a private house, the best option is to use reinforced concrete floor slabs. But if the house is old and stands on the ground, then it would be reasonable to pour a concrete screed on the 1st floor. To do this, remove the old coating to the ground.
Next, fill it with gravel or sand in layers and tamp the blind area. After that, a layer of waterproofing is laid on it.
After that, a reinforcing structure is mounted in order to give rigidity to the base. We put on the reinforcement horizontally, at the level of metal beacons. Next, fill in the solution and align it with the beacons.
Such a floor screed will harden for at least a month; after hardening, wooden floors can be mounted on concrete.
If floor slabs act as a base, then after removing the old base and cleaning, the level of curvature of the base should be measured. If the difference in height does not exceed 35 - 40 mm, then self-leveling mixtures can be used, they are poured simply and quickly, plus they freeze in a maximum of 10 days.
Before pouring, you need to putty all joints and cracks on the plane and cover the floor with several layers of soil for waterproofing. You can cover with polyethylene.
If the curvature along the plane is greater, then it is more expedient to pour a cement-sand screed along the beacons, because the price for self-leveling mixtures is quite high.

Fill on lighthouses.

Important: pouring the screed with your own hands for several days, carefully control the joints between fillings, because due to the temperature difference between the cooled solution and the fresh one, an influx may form.

If you plan to lay tiles on the screed or the subsequent installation of the underfloor heating system, then it makes sense to insulate the screed initially. To do this, waterproofing is laid on the base, and expanded polystyrene plates are laid on it. For floors on the ground, a slab with a thickness of about 50 mm is taken, for overlapping with a warm lower floor, 20 mm is enough or penofol is covered.
A reinforcing mesh is laid on the insulation and the solution is poured.

Important: no matter what you are installing, pouring the screed, installing logs or laying the topcoat, you need to leave a damper gap, otherwise all work can be hopelessly ruined.

Arrangement of the technological gap.

When your screed is ready, you can already lay any covering on it, depending on your desire and capabilities.
Under the linoleum, you need to cover the surface with soil several times and can be laid. Under the laminate floor or parquet, waterproofing is laid, the underlay is laid and the covering is mounted.
But if the height of the ceilings allows you, we advise you to equip the flooring on the logs. To do this, cover the concrete base with waterproofing, put the logs horizontally on it. In this case, a timber with a section of 50x50 mm or 50x100 mm, with a step of 30-50 cm, is sufficient for the logs.
Insulation is laid between the lags and covered with a vapor barrier, and the gap between the insulation and the upper deck should be about 5 mm.
Further, we advise you to make the flooring of thick plywood or OSB boards; in rooms with high humidity, you can lay DSP boards. The flooring is done in 2 layers with a gap between the slabs. After the installation is completed, any topcoat can be laid on such a warm flooring.

Installation of logs on a concrete screed.

Of course, a wooden floor is more environmentally friendly, its price is often lower than a concrete floor, it is warm and reliable, but short-lived. And there is a chance that your descendants, having conceived to change their sex, will remember you "not with an evil quiet word."

In our opinion, it is more reasonable to make a combined version of the coating, in other words, the base is poured from reliable, durable concrete, and then you make slab flooring on the logs. If necessary, it can be torn off and an economical warm water floor or other covering of your choice can be mounted in its place.

Installation of slab flooring.

Conclusion

To install a concrete or wooden floor? It is definitely up to you to decide. We revealed the main points of installation and gave practical advice, but each has its own situation and if this information is not enough for you, then the video in this article clearly shows the process of installing the coating. Look, make up your mind!

Installation of a wooden covering on a concrete base.

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Which floor is better, concrete or wood

When there is a choice between concrete and wooden floors, you need to start from the room in which it is planned. Each of these types has its own advantages and disadvantages.

When is it better to use a concrete floor

Such a floor is used in industrial buildings where they will experience high mechanical stress. Cheap and durable enough, and this has earned itself popularity. For these reasons, it is also popular in residential buildings. In addition, concrete allows to reduce the thickness of the floor layer.

Of the shortcomings, it is worth noting the need for additional flooring in residential buildings; without it, the floor has no aesthetic appearance. In industrial buildings, this problem is less relevant. Also, it does not have sufficient noise and thermal insulation (this problem is solved by adding expanded clay to the solution).

When is a wood floor better suited?

Wooden floor in the house

This type of floor is usually used in residential buildings. It is environmentally friendly, cheap, quick to install, can be used without a floor covering, warm. Using high-quality wood and paints and varnishes, you can get a beautiful aesthetic appearance.

Disadvantages of this type of floor

Previously, wood floors were often seen in public buildings: schools, libraries, shops, and so on. Time has shown all its shortcomings and now they use concrete and self-leveling floors. The disadvantages include:

not durable
afraid of moisture
weak strength,
not resistant to aggressive liquids.

A wooden floor is not suitable for rooms with high humidity, sudden temperature changes and heavy loads.

Which floor to choose for a private house, video

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Floor arrangement in a private house

One of the important stages in the construction of an individual house or summer cottage is the arrangement of the floor. If you decide to do the flooring in a private house with your own hands, then you need to not only think over what material they will be made of, but also carefully study the basics of laying. Let's figure out which floor material is better to choose, and the nuances of arranging floors of different designs.

What material to choose for the floor

As a rule, in a private house, the floor is most often made of wood or concrete, with a further coating of it with a finishing floor covering.

A wooden floor in a private house is still in demand and popular as it was many years ago. And this is not only a tribute to the age-old tradition of arranging floors in Russia, but also a recognition of the practical characteristics of this material. The tree has such advantages as:

strength and durability;
environmental friendliness;
ease of repair and restoration;
low thermal conductivity;
relatively low price.

If you decide to equip a wooden floor in your house, then it is very important to correctly approach the choice of lumber. Experts recommend:

Choose the right wood species. Of course, the ideal option would be to choose a board made of oak, ash or larch, but, unfortunately, such lumber has one significant drawback - a high price and therefore not everyone can afford it. A worthy alternative can be coniferous wood, that is, from fir, pine, spruce or cedar wood.
Purchase dry planks and beams. To avoid deformation of the floor, wood for it should have a moisture content of no more than 12%.
The wood must be free from cracks, chips and knots.
Before laying, all wood materials must be treated with an antiseptic and fire retardant. This will protect your floors from microorganisms and insects, and also make them fire resistant.

Floor installation in a private house has its own characteristics

However, many modern homeowners decide to pour concrete floors. This choice is due to the high strength and long service life of such a floor. Once completely dry, concrete floors are usually covered with modern floor coverings: linoleum, laminate, tiles or parquet.

Consider! When arranging a concrete floor, it is important to prepare a high quality mortar and fill it in strictly observing the technology.

Floor options for a private house

Let's find out what floor structures are. The choice of the type of floor depends largely on the intended use of the building. For example, for a garden house, which, as a rule, is visited only in summer, it will be quite enough to equip single plank floors. If a house for permanent residence is being built, then it is necessary not only to choose the material, but also to carefully consider the insulation.

Plank single floors

This is the easiest option for installation and subsequent operation. It is worth considering if you are building a house for a seasonal stay during the warmer months or if you live in an area with a mild climate.

When arranging a single wooden floor, it is necessary to take into account:

Single plank floors

Double plank floors

It takes longer to make such floors and their arrangement will require more financial investments, however, they are much warmer than single ones and, with proper installation, can be used year-round in any climate.

Double floors allow for the initial installation of the subfloor. It can be made from any wood. For this purpose, for example, a pine board that is not edged, a slab or other inexpensive lumber is suitable. A layer of waterproofing is laid on the subfloor, which will prevent moisture from the ground from entering the room. As waterproofing, you can take a thick plastic film, roofing felt, parchment or special membrane material.

Double plank floors

The space between the rough and the final floor is filled with insulation. For insulation, expanded clay is often used, which is not only light, but also does not lend itself to rotting or caking. Previously, in villages, a mixture of clay with sawdust or straw was used for insulation. Today, more and more often mineral or stone wool, polystyrene or expanded polystyrene are used for insulation. It should be noted that the option with foam is not very successful, since this material is very fond of vole mice and other rodents.

After the layer of thermal insulation, a vapor barrier is laid, which is covered with a clean floor - tongue-and-groove boards.

Concrete floor in a private house

For a concrete floor, a baked-cement mixture, concrete (sand-cement mixture with additives: crushed stone, slag, expanded clay and other similar materials) or special self-leveling mortars are used.

Concrete floor

Arrangement of a concrete floor is carried out in several stages:

Markup. For its implementation, a laser level is used. According to the results of measurements, marks are made and the cord is pulled.
Floor cushion device. They make dumping from expanded clay or gravel and sand. This layer will serve as a kind of hydro-barrier and thermal insulation. The soil must be cleaned of debris and leveled. After this, stakes are installed, which should be 10 centimeters lower than the future floor. The filling is carried out starting from the wall farthest to the door. The gravel is leveled and tamped flush with the stakes.
A layer of sand is poured on top of gravel or expanded clay, spill it with water and tamp it thoroughly.
A layer of waterproofing is laid on top of the pillow. It is made of thick plastic wrap. The film is put on the walls of the room by 10-15 cm. If the width of the polyethylene strip is not enough to cover the whole room, then several overlap strips are laid and connected with tape.
Beacons are installed on the waterproofing layer. For lighthouses, it is best to take metal U-shaped profiles. They are installed at a distance of 1–1.5 m from each other. The upper edges of the planks should touch the cords that were stretched when marking.
Starting from the far wall, concrete mortar is poured, leveling it with the rule.
After pouring the entire solution, the floor is covered with plastic wrap on top and left to harden completely for 28-30 days. The screed must be moistened every 3-4 days. Avoid direct sunlight and drafts on the laid concrete. All this will allow the concrete to gain maximum strength.

Lay the mortar along the beacons - this makes the leveling process easier

Floor in rooms for different purposes

Depending on the type of room, different requirements are imposed on the floors. So, for example, for general-purpose premises with high traffic, ceramic tiles will be the best choice. The base for this coating can be epoxy or polyurethane self-leveling floors.

If they equip the floors in the basement, then, first of all, they take care of the waterproofing device. In such rooms, it would be more appropriate to pour a concrete floor. The concrete floor is strong enough, serves as an obstacle to the ingress of moisture into the room and has a high resistance to mechanical stress.

In rooms with high humidity, it is best to lay tiles on the floor.

If granite or marble chips are available, then a mosaic floor can be made in the rooms described above. Such a floor has a beautiful appearance and can be used without additional finishing coat.

An interesting solution for the bathroom can be the use of water-repellent impregnated cork or moisture-resistant laminate.

On balconies and terraces, flooring materials are used that are resistant to high humidity and atmospheric influences. Clinker or ceramic tiles are chosen as the flooring for these premises. Deck planks with special impregnation will also work well.

Warm floor

Warm floors are increasingly used today. This floor design allows you to create maximum comfort in the house and is used not only for additional heating, but also as the main heating. In a private house, the best option would be a water-heated floor.

Consider! It is not necessary to lay the underfloor heating system under a wooden floor covering, since wood has a low thermal conductivity and heat will not reach the room well.

It is best to make a concrete screed for underfloor heating.

Installation of water underfloor heating

We told you how to make a floor in a private house. Regardless of the type of floor you choose, do not forget to follow the installation technology and carefully follow each stage. Remember also that you should not save on building materials, even when arranging a sub-floor. The use of low-grade or obsolete materials, ignoring a certain layer of the floor will subsequently lead to rapid deformations and destruction. Such "economical" floor will not last long, and the apparent savings will very soon turn into additional costs.

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What floors are best done in a private house

The construction of a private house is a rather lengthy process that requires a certain amount of time and effort. Many owners of suburban areas want to save money on construction by doing some of the work with their own hands. To figure out how to make wooden floors in a private house, you should take care of the preparation of materials, as well as the choice of the necessary tools.

Choice of floor design

Before starting work, you should choose the type of floor structure. Among the most common are the following varieties:

single;
double;
concrete floor.

The choice of a specific structure is based on the characteristics of the building in which the floor will be laid. The main factor influencing such a decision is the nature of the operation of the house. When choosing a single design, it should be borne in mind that it is only suitable for summer houses or summer cottages. The device of such a floor in a house with year-round living is unacceptable.

In this case, the boardwalk is simply laid on the joists. The thermal insulation of such a floor is very low. For the construction of such bases, it is not necessary to prepare a lot of material. Work on the installation of a single floor is carried out quickly enough.

If you decide to build a capital private house in which you can live at any time, you should start building a double floor. This design is more insulated than the single version. The main layers of such a floor are rough and top coat. Layers of hydro and thermal insulation are placed between them. Such a floor device is able to protect the entire structure of the house from destruction.

Often, the rough layer of a double floor in a country house is made of unedged boards. Finishing is done from grooved boards. All stages of work can be carried out independently. Thermal insulation is usually made of expanded clay.

Another option for creating a floor in a private house is a concrete base. Such structures are carried out by pouring a concrete screed. If you follow all the requirements when creating such such a floor, it will turn out to be durable and durable. It can also be finished with any coating.

Laying wood floor

Wooden floor for covering in private houses is chosen quite often. This is due to its environmental friendliness. Many people want a quality wood finish. Such floors have a number of significant advantages.

With careful processing, wood flooring can last for decades without changing its appearance and physical characteristics. In addition, wood floors have high thermal insulation properties. They create coziness in the house. In addition, the installation of wooden flooring is done by hand. For work, you will need to prepare a standard set of tools.

Before making a floor in a private house, you should take care of the choice of the type of wood. It should be selected in accordance with the type of structure. The floor is arranged in several layers. It must contain heat and waterproofing. The subfloor acts as an air gap. Due to it, wooden elements will not be exposed to moisture. They will not develop mold or mildew.

The floor covering is constantly subjected to mechanical stress during operation. That is why the wood that will be selected for the floor must have good technical characteristics. Dry the boards before covering. The moisture content of the wooden elements should not exceed 12%.

It is also worth visually inspecting the elements of the future floor. There should be no chips or cracks on them. Otherwise, it may affect the quality of the coating. Also, before laying, wooden elements are treated with antiseptics and fire retardants. This will extend the life of such products.

Installation of a wooden floor is carried out in the following sequence:

First, you should determine the location of the supports. In place of the harvested fertile soil, gravel should be poured. Sand is poured on top. This is how the pillow is made. Each layer should be tamped down carefully. The ends of the support pillars are wrapped in a waterproofing material. Usually, roofing material is used for this purpose.
After that, the beams should be laid. And they are attached to the supports using corners and self-tapping screws. The floors in a country house should be carefully insulated. Professional builders recommend laying plywood sheets before installing the insulation. Mineral wool is usually used as insulation material.
When the insulation layer is installed, you can start making the rough flooring. Boards should be chosen so that they fit snugly together. Self-tapping screws are used to connect them to the beams. About 1.5 cm is left between the subfloor and the walls. Such gaps allow eliminating distortions of the structure during thermal expansion.
A vapor barrier is laid on top of the subfloor. It is usually 200 microns thick. The joints of the canvas are glued with construction tape. The edges of the vapor barrier are placed on the walls to a height of 20 cm. After laying the film, you should start laying the topcoat.

For the final floor, use solid wood boards. Plywood sheets can also be used. They are much easier to fix. However, their appearance is poor. For this reason, it is best to choose tongue-and-groove boards. Plywood can be covered with various decorative finishes. Plank floors are usually varnished. This allows you to protect the coating from various influences. Also, thanks to the use of varnish, you can emphasize the aesthetic properties of a wooden floor. You can build a warm floor with your own hands in the case of a concrete screed.

Concrete floor

The creation of a concrete base requires some preparation. First, the site on which it is planned to create the floor must be cleaned of debris. You also need to remove the topsoil. The ground must be compacted. Gravel is poured on top. The concrete floor structure should be insulated. The gravel layer is covered with sand. Once it is tamped down, you can lay down the plastic wrap. It will become a reliable waterproofing.

Then the work is carried out according to the standard scheme. Reinforcement rods are placed on the waterproofing layer and concrete mortar is poured. In this case, the concrete screed is performed similarly to the one that is equipped in the apartment. To make the floor even, you need to set up beacons. As soon as the concrete is dry, they should be removed. The solution is leveled using a rule. The work is carried out from the wall towards the doorway.

In the process of pouring concrete, it is better to do the work according to certain rules. For example, the mixture must be fresh. Also, in the process of its preparation, cement of a certain brand is used. It must be at least M300. In addition, water and sand screening are added to the solution. Plasticizers increase the strength of the concrete.

If the screed is made more than 5 cm, reinforcement should be installed. For this purpose, a ready-made mesh is usually purchased. It is laid on a waterproofing film. When creating a floor heating system in a country house, the use of plasticizers and reinforcement is mandatory.

As soon as the concrete gains strength, you can pull out the beacons and fill the resulting voids with concrete mortar. It takes about a month for the concrete to fully harden. Underfloor heating in a private house will require laying heating elements either during the screed or after its construction.

Drying the floor is carried out according to certain rules. The base should be covered with plastic wrap. The concrete must be wetted for three days. If there is a floor heating system in the screed, it is forbidden to turn it on until the solution has completely hardened. Otherwise, the floor will crack.

Fine finishing

Installing the topcoat is easy enough. The decorative elements are assembled independently. The choice of finishes depends on the tastes of the owner of the house. It is also worth considering the features of the operation of the floor.

There are several options. The most common of these is boardwalk. In this case, the finishing floor does not need to be additionally covered. When choosing this option, a rather beautiful and practical coating is obtained. In addition, floorboards will last more than a dozen years if properly processed. They are usually impregnated with special compounds and varnished. This protects the floor from dirt and various chemicals.

The concrete floor in a country house is usually made taking into account the laying of the topcoat. Parquet is usually chosen for its finishing. However, such a floor will be quite expensive. It is characterized by high environmental friendliness and excellent thermal insulation. It is impractical to carry out a parquet floor in a country house, because permanent residence is not planned in it. However, for a capital structure, such a coverage will be optimal.

Among other materials for the floor, it is worth highlighting carpet, laminate, tiles and linoleum. Laminate is laid in the living room and bedrooms. Linoleum is only suitable for flooring in the hallway and kitchen. The tiles are also used for flooring in the kitchen and hallway. Carpet should also be used for the bedroom.

The variety of modern colors and materials for floor decoration allows you to choose the most optimal coating option for yourself. Floors with different patterns look very nice. Natural stone and wood look impressive.

conclusions

To figure out which types of flooring are more suitable for a private house, you should know the features of the operation of the building. For example, for a country house, you do not need to equip the floor in several layers. It also does not need to be insulated. Such buildings are used only in the warm season. Also, flooring in a private house is usually performed using wood. Such material has a low price, and is also easy and quick to assemble.

For capital buildings, you will have to equip a more complex structure. In this case, a wooden floor should have several layers, including waterproofing and thermal insulation. Before installing such a floor, you must carefully prepare. You will also have to pick up quality materials. Before deciding what type of flooring to make in a private house, you should familiarize yourself with the features of each type of floor.

The concrete base is carried out in stages. It is chosen only when it is necessary to create a reliable and durable floor.

Many homeowners sooner or later face the problem of replacing old floor coverings. Of course, this problem is not solved in an instant and is often associated with a significant waste of material resources, because any work on remodeling the floor is an expensive pleasure.

When starting repair work, many are wondering which of the flooring options will be more acceptable. To do this, it is necessary to consider the main options and conduct a detailed analysis of them.

The modern system of the construction industry offers 3 ways of arranging floors: screed in dry and wet versions, decoration on wooden logs. These varieties are actively used at the present time, each of them has distinctive features.

Analyzing any of the techniques, one should also highlight the nature of the materials used, the technology for carrying out installation work. Floor repair on logs has noticeable advantages over other coating options. It is necessary to dwell in more detail on each of the named options.

Cement screed: features

Cement floor screed has the following purpose:

Aligns the underlying bases.
Hides the pipeline.
Divides thermal insulation loads evenly.
Supply of standardized heat assimilation by floors.
Participates in the formation of slopes.

The screed assumes perfect leveling of the base, it makes it perfectly smooth, neat and dry. The floor covering acquires a special strength, which makes the subsequent operation practical and convenient.

From the point of view of technology, the screed seems to be a wet process, which leads to wetting of the walls, ceiling, and also the surfaces of neighbors. In addition, it is very difficult to be and live in a room where such work is carried out.

The fact is that such repairs are often associated with dust and dirt in the room. Getting rid of this type of litter can be tricky. The poured floor dries out for a very long time, the exposure time can be up to a month. A damp base will not allow the facing material to be laid on the surface for a long time.

A screed as a way to carry out repairs indoors, even with a high-quality organization, does not allow obtaining ideal results for leveling the coating. In addition to this, special mixtures should be used that serve to level the base. These are self-leveling compositions, the cost of which is quite high.

In addition, the screed is distinguished by a complex process of technological laying. It involves preliminary preparation of the base, priming, placing beacons, stirring the solution, and waiting for the surface to dry completely.

Having chosen this method of repairing the floor covering, it is worth following the high-quality performance of the work, because it is impossible to remake the finished base, and dismantling the old one will cost a significant amount, and a lot of effort will be spent.

Among the disadvantages of this design, one can single out a rather complicated calculation of the amount of required material.

Dry screed highlights

Floor renovation based on dry screed is a novelty. Compared to this method with a conventional coating with a cement-sand mixture, the first option is distinguished by significant positive indicators.

The assembly technique is characterized by cleanliness, absence of dust, litter, water. Such a floor is assembled in a short period of time. The finished base can be used immediately.

The flaw in this design is associated with the material used. The evenness of the coating is given by finely dispersed expanded clay. However, such a base in the form of a free-flowing substance can give uneven shrinkage, especially at points of movement of residents of the house, such as a corridor, passages.

In this case, the unevenness of the floor will be even more pronounced. GVL is used as a rough version, the material is weak and easily breakable, it is not able to withstand the loads acting on the floors. The points of active movement of residents begin to crumble, crack, and be pushed through. The floor is deformed, the quality of the coating suffers.

In addition, paper laid on GVL seems to be a favorable area for the growth of fungi and the appearance of mold.

Before the final decision is made on the choice of a screed for the floor, it is necessary to study its features. Giving preference to one or another type, there is no need to rush; all aspects of this process should be weighed. The table below will help you figure out the main points.

Wet screed	Dry screed
The help of qualified craftsmen is needed when carrying out installation work.	The process of flooring is carried out according to a simplified scheme, which allows people who are not related to the construction profession to make the covering.
Associates with the treatment of the entire surface in a short period of time. The solution quickly hardens, after which it will be impossible to use it for work.	The dry coating is laid by passing through several stages, carrying out a gradual laying of the floor.
Floor repairs associated with the use of cement are characterized by poor heat retention rates and inadequate sound insulation.	Expanded clay is distinguished by a good degree of heat retention and excellent sound insulation properties.
A wet screed does not allow other coatings to be placed on the surface, except for the floor base.	Using such natural qualities of expanded clay as flowability, any communications, warm floors, electrical wires can be placed in the base.

Wooden floors on logs

To answer the question which is better - the floor on the logs or the screed, it is necessary to understand the design features of each of these sides, highlighting their positive and negative aspects. So, a wooden base in the classical sense is an actively used type of floor base, like a cement screed.

The main positive aspects of using the design on the logs are:

the ability to create a flawlessly smooth surface;
significant savings in material resources and forces;
capacity building for the construction of various communications, electrical wiring and engineering systems in the subfield;
good heat retention and protection from extraneous sounds;
lowering the degree of load on old floors in a residential building;
the ability to erect ceilings in several levels.

The device of the floor on the logs is characterized by a weak technological basis.

Such structures are characterized by the fact that they are mounted on any shape; bars, bricks, roofing felt can act as its capacity. They are fixed with anchor bolts using one of the most elementary methods.

In order for the floor to acquire flawless evenness indicators, it is necessary to use a laser level. Other tools will not produce the desired results. The weak point of such a base will be a frame anchor or a polypropylene nail, which simply will not support the weight of the entire device. As a rule, after 3 months, such a structure begins to weaken, squeaks appear.

An experienced master should carry out the installation of the floor on the logs, because such work requires experience and is distinguished by a special jewelry, subtlety of the process. Not every person can lay such a structure on a lining material of different dimensions and unequal thickness, observing construction standards and adhering to the same level.

However, even if the floor is not laid correctly, it can always be disassembled and the materials remain intact. It is not at all difficult to mount a new structure.

For wooden floors, logs, plywood, floorboards are taken. Wood raw materials are absolutely clean from the point of view of ecology; they do not change over a significant period of time. The gap between the floor and the base contains an air cushion, there is a constant air circulation, thanks to which the integrity and excellent condition of the materials will be ensured.

Adjustable floors: characteristics

Floor repairs associated with adjustable structures characterize the positive qualities of the conventional cement screed, the dry version and the classic wood substrates. However, the disadvantages are also inherent in it. As for the assembly, it is carried out in a short time, there is no dust, dirt, wetting of the surface.

As a result, the base acquires strength, smoothness, it is ready for laying any floor covering. The floor, finished with wood, has a warmer base and allows any kind of communication.

Adjustable designs are based on a simple installation method. In the process of using a laser level, you can get flawless indicators regarding the smoothness of the surface. The anchor used in the repair fixes the structure as tightly as possible. Lags and plywood are fixed with washers, locknuts, which provides a good result. The help of a specialist in such a matter will be superfluous. The assembly of the floor resembles the construction of a conventional structure, the stages of work are simple and clear.

Adjustable floors actively use wood as materials, and, as you know, such a base guarantees an excellent quality of the coating, which manifests itself in its excellent performance, which distinguishes it from gypsum, cement and expanded clay.

After doing some comparison, you should decide which is better. However, often the arrangement of floors depends on certain conditions, operation and your capabilities. The choice is yours. Good luck!

When planning renovation work, property owners often decide to change the old flooring for a new one, they think about which of the arrangement options to stay on. The choice of which is better screed or floor on the logs is influenced by both the financial side of the issue and the laying technology.

Options for arranging floor coverings

Today there are 3 ways of laying the floor when used:

wet screed;
dry screed;
construction on wooden logs.

These technologies are actively used during the repair and installation of floor coverings, and each of them has a number of differences that relate to the installation method and the characteristics of the building materials used. According to experts, the answer to the question: which screed or lags is better is unambiguous:
the arrangement of the floor on the logs has undeniable advantages over the other two above-mentioned options.

Features of cement screed

Cement-based screed: It has long been used in renovations to level the subfloor surface.

It also performs other functions:

hides pipelines;
promotes uniform distribution of thermal insulation loads;
takes part in the construction of slopes;
makes the base neat, practical and smooth, gives it increased strength

On the other hand, this option for laying the flooring has serious disadvantages:

Cement screed is based on a wet process, as the walls, ceiling and surfaces in the neighbors' room get wet in the room.
The poured solution dries out for a long time - the exposure time is about a month.
It is quite difficult to live in an apartment where work is performed using this technology, since they are accompanied by the appearance of a large amount of dirt and dust, while getting rid of permanent pollution is not easy.
The drying base does not allow finishing the floor covering for a long time.
Even with a high-quality performance of the work, the cement screed does not give an ideal result, therefore, it becomes necessary to use special self-leveling mixtures designed to create a base, the cost of which is high.
From a technological point of view, a screed is a complex laying process, since it is necessary to pre-prepare the base, prime it, set up beacons, knead the solution, and wait until the mixture has completely solidified.
It is rather difficult to make an accurate calculation of the amount of material that may be required.

If wet screed installation is chosen as the installation method for the floor covering, check how well the work is being done. Otherwise, it will be impossible to remake the base, it will be necessary to dismantle it, which will cost the property owner a significant amount.

Floor repair technology, providing for the installation of a dry screed, has appeared recently.

If we compare it with the long-used cement-sand mortar coating, it should be noted that it has a number of advantages. The arrangement of the dry screed is clean, since there is no dust, debris and water. The floor is assembled using this technology in the shortest possible time, and the completed base is allowed to be used immediately after the completion of the work.

The final decision on the choice of the type of screed will be much easier to make if you know the features of the wet and dry options.

It is necessary to carefully and slowly study the main points:

If a wet screed is chosen, the help of specialists will be required for the installation work, while everyone can create a base using dry technology.
Wet coating mortar hardens quickly and unused mix can no longer be used. The dry screed is laid gradually in several stages.
A floor equipped with a cement base has poor characteristics in terms of heat retention and sound insulation. Expanded clay used to create a dry surface perfectly absorbs sounds and prevents heat loss.
A wet base does not allow other coatings other than flooring to be mounted on it. Since expanded clay refers to bulk materials, a warm floor, many communications, electrical wiring can be placed in a dry base.

The answer to the question: "The floor is on the joists or the screed - which one to prefer?" can be found if you familiarize yourself with the design solutions of each of the options, their advantages and disadvantages. Among homeowners, both wooden flooring and floors with a cement screed are popular.

The main positive aspects of the structure on the logs are as follows:

the ability to make an absolutely smooth surface;
saving materials, and, accordingly, reducing cash costs;
creation of conditions for laying in the subfield of utilities, electrical wiring;
good performance of sound insulation and thermal insulation;
reducing the load on floors in operated residential buildings;
the emergence of the ability to build multi-level ceilings.

The structure of the ceiling on the logs is allowed to be mounted on various materials for the base - bricks, roofing felt, wooden blocks. It is also possible to lay a wooden floor on a concrete screed, which is also a good option. They are fixed with anchor bolts in a simple way.

Choosing the option of arranging the structure for the subsequent laying of the floor covering, it is necessary to take into account the height of the room, the material of the interfloor overlap, the need to attract professionals and labor costs for installation.
When deciding on the choice of a floor on logs or a screed, it will not be superfluous to get acquainted with the operational and consumer characteristics of the materials used. You need to make a choice in favor of durable products.
When the installation work is done by hand, you should familiarize yourself with the relevant SNiPs, as well as consult with specialists.